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Topic: Ducal

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	Ducal Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ducal Prussia was, between 1525–1657, a fief of Poland.
		Ducal Prussia is a synonym for the Duchy of Prussia (1525–1701), emphasizing that two Prussias existed beside each other: Royal Prussia and Ducal Prussia.
		Thus Ducal Prussia lost its status as a Polish fief and became a part of Brandenburg-Prussia, but not part of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ducal_Prussia (397 words)

	Ducal Prussia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ducal Prussia was between (1525–1657) a fief of (A republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II) Poland, created as a result of war (1520–1525) between Poland and the (additional info and facts about Teutonic Order) Teutonic Order.
		Thus Ducal Prussia lost its status as a Polish fief and became a part of (additional info and facts about Brandenburg-Prussia) Brandenburg-Prussia, but not part of the (The lands ruled by Charlemagne; a continuation of the Roman Empire in Europe) Holy Roman Empire of German Nation.
		Most of its ethnic German population had then already fled westwards in the last winter of the war, the remaining population was expelled after the war and Polish and Russian population settled in the now Polish and Soviet territory.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/du/ducal_prussia.htm (350 words)

	Ducal Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ducal Prussia was between (1525 – 1657) a fief of Poland, created as a result of war (1520 – 1525) between Poland and the Teutonic Order.
		Ducal Prussia is a synonym to the Duchy of Prussia (1525 – 1701), emphasizing that two Prussias existedbeside each other: Royal Prussia and Ducal Prussia.
		Thus Ducal Prussia lost its status as aPolish fief and became a part of Brandenburg-Prussia.
	www.therfcc.org /ducal-prussia-65200.html (285 words)

	[No title]
		Ducal authority was divided among three officials--the royal lieutenant, the constable of Bordeaux, and the seneschal of Gascony--who were appointed by the king-duke and served at pleasure.
		We may be certain that the authority of the vice-ducal officials extended to independent exercise of ducal sovereignty, because during his tenure Guy Ferre the Younger had possession and use of the seal of the duchy of Aquitaine;38 this enabled Sir Guy to issue mandates and grants on his own recognizance.
		This not surprisingly disrupted administrative continuity to the detriment of ducal authority, and was probably a result of the enormous demands for patronage placed on a late-medieval prince.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /journals/EH/EH34/boehm34.html (7154 words)

	[No title]
		Although he performed a crucial function in the administration of the duchy, the constables personal role in maintaining ducal presence in Gascony, particularly after the advent of Edward II, was subordinate to that of the seneschal, who wielded vice-ducal powers.
		Philip the Fair actively encouraged Gascons to bring appeals against ducal decisions to the French royal court, where they were assured a favorable response.48 Edward IIs representatives, especially the seneschal, acted on the king-dukes behalf to prevent this deliberate erosion of ducal authority.
		From 1310 until 1320, he was relied upon as a ducal commissioner in peace negotiations with French plenipotentiaries at the Process of Périgueux.
	etext.virginia.edu /journals/EH/EH34/boehm34.html (7154 words)

	Grand Ducal Standards until c.1903 (Hesse, Germany)
		Ströhl 1897 shows the standard of the grand duke with a ratio of almost exactly 7:10, while the standard for other members of the grand ducal family and the state flag and ensign are shown as 4:5.
		So the grand ducal standard with the garter-surrounded arms could have been used since at least 1865 (Louis IV was invested earlier, but became grand duke after 1865).
		Ströhl 1897 shows the standard for other members of the grand ducal family with a ratio of 4:5 (same as the state flag and ensign, but the standard of the grand duke almost 7:10).
	www.fotw.net /flags/de-he^d1.html (560 words)

	Ducal Refried Beans Black dist. in the US by Goya Foods - 16 oz.
		Ducal Refried Beans are fl beans cooked and mashed Mexican style and refried.
		Ducal Refried Black Beans are manufactured in Guatemala, a company owned by Riviana Foods Inc. and distributed in the US by Goya Foods Inc.
		Ducal pertenece a Riviana Foods, Inc., empresa con sede en Houston Texas, U.S.A. En 1963 se fundó la Compañía Alimentos y Conservas Ducal, con un 100% de capital guatemalteco, la cual inició operaciones como competencia de Kern's.
	www.mexgrocer.com /1400.html (451 words)

	Ducal Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sotheby's said in a statement the auction is comparable with a 1995 sale of the Grand Ducal collections at...
		Ducal Prussia was between (1525–1657) a fief of Poland, created as a result of war (1520–1525) between Poland and the Teutonic Order.
		After Germany was defeteated in World War II and sanctioned by the Potsdam Conference, the southern part of East Prussia was annexed by Poland, the northern part by the Soviet Union.
	www.wikiverse.org /ducal-prussia (331 words)

	The surviving prerogatives and titles of the Grand Ducal House of Tuscany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The survival of the Grand Ducal House of Tuscany, a branch of the House of Habsburg-Lothringen, whose members also enjoys the titles, rank and privileges of Archduke of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, was of little interest to the citizens of Florence and the surrounding region until relatively recently.
		The history of Tuscany has been viewed through the distorted perspective imposed by four generations of historians wedded to the view that Italian unification was of benefit to all, and that the pre-unitarian states were merely the puppets of the great powers.
		The Grand Dukes, of course, were sensible to the traditions of the House of Habsburg and, as eventual heirs to Austria in the event of the extinction of the male line of Franz I, conformed to the laws of the House in respect of marriage.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/habsburg/tuscany/survprerogtusc.htm (11026 words)

	Grand Ducal Luxembourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Palais Grand Ducal in Luxembourg, the capital of the Grand Duchy, was built between the 16th and the 17th century as a town hall.
		Here you'll also find the Grand Ducal Crypt, finished in 1938, where some members of the family are buried.
		It remained in the hands of the Grand Ducal family between 1890 and 1977, when they gave it to the state.
	www.nettyroyal.nl /luxemburg.html (553 words)

	POTTERY and PINE · [ Ducal Furniture to Cease Production ] · Main Ducal Stockist · 10 Mill Bridge, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		You are probably already aware that the existing Ducal Furniture ranges ceased production in August 2003.
		Ducal was the leader in pine furniture production for many years, and their designs and finishes were the benchmark by which all others were judged.
		They lost a number of stockists and came to the conclusion that they were unable to produce the range profitably in the UK As one of the North's main Ducal stockists, we are naturally very sorry to lose this fine range of furniture as it reduces the choice for our customers.
	www.potteryandpine.co.uk /ducalnews.cfm (396 words)

	Vandalism damages Venice's Ducal Palace and a Renaissance church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Ducal Palace, one of Venice's most famous landmarks, was vandalized this weekend, causing a few small fragments to fall off a 15th-century column on the building's facade, city officials said Monday.
		The Ducal Palace, a building overlooking St. Mark's Square that served as the seat of Venice's rulers for centuries, was damaged Sunday night, city official Sofia Arinaldi said.
		A vandal used a blunt object to strike the ornate capital at the top of the column, severing the arms of the figures of Jesus Christ and Moses, along with a tablet bearing the 10 commandments, Arinaldi said.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/news/archive/2004/06/28/international1509EDT0687.DTL (253 words)

	DBNL . Schrijvers en dichters (dbnl biografieënproject I) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ducal studeerde Germaanse filologie in Leuven en was lang actief in de Marxistisch-Leninistische beweging en de Maoïstische partij AMADA.
		De gedichten van Ducal werden bij verschijnen als tamelijk schokkend ervaren vanwege de ontluisterende manier waarop het huwelijk erin wordt beschreven en de quasi-blasfemische manier waarop religieuze thema's worden aangesneden.
		Het werk van Ducal wordt doorgaans geplaatst in het milieu van postmoderne dichters als Spinoy, Van Bastelaere en Dewulf en het tijdschrift Yang, al bestaat er ook twijfel of zijn affiniteit daarmee wel zo groot is.
	www.dbnl.nl /tekst/bork001schr01_01/bork001schr01_01_0286.htm (233 words)

	Ducal Prussia : Duchy of Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ducal Prussia is a synonym to the Duchy of Prussia (1525-1701), emphasizing that two Prussias existed beside eachother: Royal Prussia and Ducal Prussia.
		Royal Prussia was held by the king of Poland, who also was the feodal lord of Ducal Prussia.
		It uses material from the wikipedia article Ducal Prussia : Duchy of Prussia.
	www.eurofreehost.com /du/Duchy_of_Prussia.html (294 words)

	A solution to the problem of a Ducal Council chat room - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Group for the Ducal Council; it includes a chat room, and we'll be able to archive stuff there too, such as the minutes of the Council sessions and such.
		And since the group is unlisted to the public, we can, if we wish, keep more-or-less complete privacy simply by not giving the address out; and even if we decide to allow others to see what we say, it is a members-only forum, in which others could not post.
		No looking to me (or whoever the Grand Duke is) for even nominal leadership, no more being bound by any rules I or the Ducal Council might come up with; they would be free to run their Dukaja as they pleased, up to and including rewriting the history of the Dukaja.
	p207.ezboard.com /fshirlanfrm2.showMessage?topicID=24.topic (2200 words)

	Crown Ducal Floral Teacup & Saucer
		Description: This is a beautiful vintage Crown Ducal Teacup & Saucer with a pretty floral pattern inside & out.
		The bottom has a fl stamp: A crown with "Crown Ducal" beneath, England, Regd No. 784158 and the saucer has an additional # 2886.
		The teacup measures 2 3/4" tall and is 4 1/4 from handle to rim.
	www.antiqnet.com /detail,crown-ducal-floral,834786.html (141 words)

	Information on the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg
		Grand Ducal decree of 21 September 1995 concerning the surname and the titles of the Members of the Grand Ducal Family (in French only)
		The succession to the Grand Ducal throne of Luxembourg is dealt with in the Constitution of 17 October 1868, Article 3:
		The Crown of the Grand Duchy is hereditary in the Nassau family in accordance with the Pact of 30 June 1783, Article 71 of the Treaty of Vienna of 9 June 1815, and Article 1 of the Treaty of London of 11 May 1867.
	www.geocities.com /dagtho/luxembourg.html (463 words)

	Hotel Petit Palace Ducal, Madrid
		The Hotel Petit Palace Ducal is on the corner with Gran Via St; the main commercial artery of the city and offers guests a memorable stay in superb surroundings.
		Close to the Hotel Petit Palace Ducal is a bus stop serving the entire city of Madrid.
		With a location in the heart of Madrid close to main thoroughfares and attractions; the Hotel Petit Palace Ducal is close to a wide range of public transport and access points as well as shopping; visits and dining.
	www.gomadrid.com /hotels/spain/madrid/Hotel-Petit-Palace-Ducal.html (377 words)

	Petit Palace Ducal Madrid
		The Petit Palace Ducal is a recenltly reformed former palace dating from the end of the 19th Century.
		Located in the heart of Madrid on the corner of the "Gran Via" the hotel is within walking distance of all major cultural and tourist attractions.
		We attend the needs of all clients in offering family rooms with capacity of up to four persons, Executive rooms with flat screen computers and disabled rooms/facilities.
	www.hotel-madrid-tobook.com /Spain/Madrid/Hotels/Petit-Palace-Ducal?arrivaldate=7/20/2004&depdate=7/22/2004 (182 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Ducal Court of Piemonte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Baron Correano (1428-), Ducal Chamberlain of Piedmonte (1428-), Vice-Chancellor and Guard of the Ducal Seal (1434-), Chairman of the Council of the Italian Trade Union (1442-).
		Chief inspector and warden of the ducal forests, responsible for the stock of game, the state of the forests, and also for the water: the water is scarce in the montaineous regions of Piedmonte, it is a valuable thing.
		The “Free Ducal Cities” are settlements that have been set free from the authority of Lieutenant-Generals, aristocrats, etcetera, and had only the Duke and the Emperor as overlords.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?s=551444dadb17a8f1c294e2dd71f21375&threadid=98802&perpage=25&pagenumber=1 (10598 words)

	Ducal Trading Sunglasses
		Ducal Trading Sunglasses are choice eyewear for quality and style.
		Serving the needs of eyeglass wearers and eyecare professionals since 1976, many Ducal Trading Sunglasses feature polarized side shields with polarized polycarbonate lenses.
		Ducal Trading: Sunglasses can benefit anyone all year round.
	www.framesdirect.com /framesfc/Ducal_Trading-lbpf-slb-l.html (125 words)

	Grand Ducal Standards 1815-1918 (Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany)
		According to Siebmacher 1878, the grand ducal house of Schwerin used a flag of 3.75 m × 5.625 m with the middle arms on a white square (sides 1.75 m) in the middle.
		Ströhl 1897 also mentions a special sea flag for the grand ducal house, blue-white-red with the middle arms in the white stripe [without any white panel going into the blue and red stripes].
		Ströhl 1897 mentions a blue-yellow-red flag for the grand ducal house by law of 23 December 1863 with the middle arms in the yellow band [which he does not illustrate because it has not yet been used].
	www.fotw.us /flags/de-mv_gd.html (860 words)

	Ducal Standards 1831-1918 (Brunswick, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Brunswick and Hanover should have been rejoined at that time, but Prussia had annexed the Kingdom of Hanover in 1866 and now prevented the younger branch of the house of Brunswick from taking up the ducal crown.
		In the centre are the arms of Hanover but now with a ducal [not royal] crown.
		Neubecker 1939a shows the same banner-of-arms, but adds a much simpler car flag for the duke, Autoflagge des Herzogs Ernst August von Braunschweig 1915, a red square flag with the Saxon white horse on the middle and a crown on each corner.
	www.flagspot.net /flags/de-bs^d.html (616 words)

	Crown Ducal - compare prices, reviews and buy at NexTag - Price - Review
		Crown Ducal Rosalie is a versatile pattern that will work with a wide range of decors.
		Crown Ducal Bristol-Pink is a versatile pattern that will work with a wide range of decors.
		Crown Ducal Ascot is a versatile pattern that will work with a wide range of decors.
	www.nextag.com /serv/main/buyer/OutPDir.jsp?search=crown+ducal (399 words)

	Ducal Furniture - City Netguide
		Ducal Furniture Collection Ducal have been producing fine furniture for more than 50 years.
		There are now over 250 designs for you to choose from the Ducal Furniture Collection.
		POTTERY And PINE · [ DUCAL Alternatives ] · Main Ducal Stockist · 10 Mill Bridge, Skipton · Tel: 01756 794999...
	www.citynetguide.co.uk /ducal-furniture.htm (200 words)

	Encyclopedia: Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Other descriptions of Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg
		The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg consists of the extended family of the sovereign Grand Duke.
		The male-line descendants of HRH Grand Duke Adolphe held the titles Prince(ss) of Luxembourg and Prince(ss) of Nassau with the style of His/Her Grand Ducal Highness.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Grand-Ducal-Family-of-Luxembourg (4285 words)

	Ducal Palace - Luciano Laurana - Great Buildings Online
		An accessible, inspiring and informative overview of world architecture, with lots of full-color cutaway drawings, and clear explanations.
		secret garden in the ducal palace reconstruction perspective drawing, f44, p70-71.
		We appreciate your suggestions for links about Ducal Palace.
	www.greatbuildings.com /buildings/Ducal_Palace.html (104 words)

	The Ducal Palace
		The Ducal or Baronial palace is the most prominent building (other than the Church) in Fallascoso.
		There are many written accounts of this palace throughout history.
		The earliest resident of the Ducal Palace was Ruggero Borelli in 1145.
	www.fallascoso.com /ducal_palace.htm (66 words)

	CAP DUCAL HOTEL, Vina Del Mar, Chile - Discount Hotel Reservations
		CAP DUCAL HOTEL, Vina Del Mar Description: Hotel Cap Ducal is a 4 star hotel located in the Marina area of Vina Del Mar chile.
		Hotel has a boat-shaped restaurant serving all kinds of delicacies It provides accommodation in 25 spacious guestrooms offering sweeping views of the surrounding ocean and coastline, all rooms are well equipped with all modern facilities.
		Hotel Cap Ducal is located in the Marina area of Vina Del Mar chile.
	www.stayxs.com /new/booking/hotel_detail.asp?wsid=9&hhm_id=6655 (357 words)

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