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Topic: Duchy of Aquitaine

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	Aquitaine - LoveToKnow 1911
		In 781 Charlemagne bestowed Aquitaine upon his young son, Louis, and as Louis was generally described as a king, Aquitaine is referred to during the Carolingian period as a kingdom, and not as a duchy.
		Charles then bestowed the duchy upon William the Pious, count of Auvergne, the founder of the abbey of Cluny, who was succeeded in 918 by his nephew, Count William II., who died in 926.
		Aquitaine as it came to the English kings stretched as of old from the Loire to the Pyrenees, but its extent was curtailed on the south-east by the wide lands of the counts of Toulouse.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Aquitaine (1136 words)

	AQUITAINE. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		After the separation of Gascony from Aquitaine (7th cent.), the area N of the Garonne was considered Aquitaine proper.
		From 670, Aquitaine was ruled by semi-independent native dukes, but an Arab invasion (718) forced the Aquitanian duke Eudes to seek the protection of the Frankish ruler Charles Martel, who defeated (732) the Arabs.
		The new duchy of Aquitaine was one of the most powerful states in western Europe.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/aq/Aquitain.html (408 words)

	Aquitaine: A Brief History - France.com
		However, fate was to play a particular game with Eleonor, Aquitaine, France and Britain. After her marriage to the French King Louis VI was annuled on grounds of consanguinity, Eleonor was quick to marry again. 2 weeks after her marriage, her second husband, Henry Plantagenet, became King of England and was crowned as Henry II.
		Aquitaine became wedded to England, its commercial strength closely tied to the health of the English economy.
		Aquitaine was slow to participate in the industrial revolution because the south west had become under-populated and had no coal.
	www.france.com /docs/66.html (572 words)

	Guyenne and Gascony (Traditional province, France)
		Aquitaine was later a duchy, ruled by the Poitou dynasty (Guillaume III Tête-d'Etoupe, 951-963 ; Guillaume IV Fièrebrace, 963-994 ; Guillaume IX the Prince of the Troubadours, 1086-1127 ; Guillaume X, 1127-1137).
		Aliénor was the unique daughter of Guillaume X and brought France as her dowry not only Aquitaine but also Périgord, Limousin, Poitou, Angoumois, Saintonge, Gascony and the suzereignty over Auvergne and the county of Toulouse.
		In the south, the duchy of Gascony was established in 872.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-gasc.html (1083 words)

	AQUITAINE - Online Information article about AQUITAINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Louis, and as Louis was generally described as a king, Aquitaine is referred to during the Carolingian period as a kingdom, and not as a duchy.
		The new duchy of Aquitaine, comprising the three districts already mentioned, remained in the hands of Rainulf's successors, in spite of some trouble with their Frankish over-lords, until 893 when Count Rainulf II.
		Guienne, a corruption of Aquitaine, seems to have come into use about the loth century, and the subsequent history of Aquitaine is merged in that of Gascony (q.v.) and Guienne (q.v.).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /APO_ARN/AQUITAINE.html (1541 words)

	Duke of Aquitaine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Duke of Aquitaine (French: Duc d'Aquitaine} ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the French Kings.
		William VIII (1058–1086), 4th son of William V of Aquitaine, also Count of Poitiers and Duke of Gascony.
		In 1337, King Philip VI of France reclaimed the fief of Aquitaine from Edward III, King of England and Duke of Aquitaine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_of_Aquitaine (1034 words)

	History of cities and communes of Aquitaine
		She/it is illustrated by Guillaume III Tête of tow of 951 to 963, by Guillaume IV Fierebrace of 963 to 994, by Guillaume IX, him «Prince of troubadours» of 1086 to 1127, and by Guillaume X of 1127 to 1137.
		By his/her/its marriage with Aliénor of Aquitaine, Louis VII seizes of the duchy.
		Of the fact of the second marriage of Aliénor of Aquitaine with Henri II of Plantagenêt, the duchy is connected to the Anglo-Angevin empire in 1152.
	annuaireaquitaine.free.fr /page14.html (206 words)

	Guienne - LoveToKnow 1911
		In the 12th century it formed with Gascony the duchy of Aquitaine, which passed under the dominion of the kings of England by the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry II.; but in the 13th, through the conquests of Philip Augustus, Louis VIII.
		This duchy was held on the terms of homage to the French kings, an onerous obligation; and both in 1296 and 1324 it was confiscated by the kings of France on the ground that there had been a failure in the feudal duties.
		The victories of du Guesclin and Gaston Phoebus, count of Foix, restored the duchy soon after to its 13th-century limits.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Guienne (329 words)

	Eleanor of Aquitaine
		Eleanor of Aquitaine [actually ‘Alia-Aenor’, meaning ‘the other Aenor’], the eldest of three children, was born in France [possibly in the Chateau de Belin, near Bordeaux] in 1122.
		She was the daughter of William X [Guillaume X], the last duke of Aquitaine [and count of Poitiers] and the tenth duke of that name to inherit the duchy of Aquitaine.
		Latter that year, Eleanor of Aquitaine married Henri Plantagenêt, count of Anjou and duke of Normandy, who was born in Le Mans, France, in March 1133.
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /French_History/eleanor_of_aquitaine.htm (1098 words)

	Euskal Herria Journal \| A Basque Journal \| Navarre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The duchy's borders fluctuated as the Vascons fought the Visigoths, the Franks, and the Arabs throughout the Merovingian period.
		The Angevin dynasty of kings of England acquired the duchy of Aquitaine, and with it therefore Gascony.
		The rise of the dukes of Aquitaine and subsequently the Angevin kings (mid-11th century and onwards), confined Navarre's territory north of the Pyrenees to the area centered on Donibane Garazi (St Jean Pied de Port in French) in what is today the province of Behe-Nafarroa or Lower-Navarre - northern Navarre.
	www.ehj-navarre.org /navarre/na_history_navarre.html (830 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 99054785
		To the east was the county of Berry, and to the south the wide sweep of the duchy of Aquitaine, named “land of waters” after the great rivers that dissected it: the Garonne, the Charente, the Creuse, the Vienne, the Dordogne, and the Vézère.
		In the south, stretching to the Pyrenees, was the wine-producing duchy of Gascony, or Guienne, with its bustling port of Bordeaux, and the Agenais.
		Aquitaine remained a nominal kingdom until 877, but as Charlemagne’s empire fragmented, so its status declined, and it was soon the subject of intense rivalry between the counts of Poitiers and Toulouse, who both wished to rule what was now the duchy of Aquitaine.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/samples/random045/99054785.html (7425 words)

	Female Hero: Eleanor of Acquitaine After The Crusades (Women in World History Curriculum)
		Eleanor was wealthy because she was heiress of the duchy of Aquitaine, one of the greatest fiefs in Europe.
		Aquitaine was like a separate nation with lands extending in southwestern France from the river Loire to the Pyrenees.
		As well, Eleanor was an independent ruler in her own right since she had inherited the huge Duchy of Aquitaine and Poitiers from her father when she was 15.
	www.womeninworldhistory.com /EofAreturns.html (894 words)

	Euskadi Metrópoli
		Elenore of Aquitaine may have had more influence on the history of France than Marie Antoinette inasmuch as her marriages resulted each time in a change in the sovereignty of the Duchy of Aquitaine.
		The title of Duke of Aquitaine, which had already been used by various little-known persons in the 7th century, was assumed at the end of the 9th by William I the Pious, count of Auvergne, the founder of the Abbey of Cluny.
		When Richard died in 1199, the duchy reverted to Eleanor, and, on her death five years later, it was united to the English crown and henceforward followed the fortunes of the English possessions in France.
	sirio.deusto.es /ABAITUA/kanpetzu/eumetro.htm (1473 words)

	L'Ost de Montjoie
		Aquitaine in the XIIth century is not the current administrative Aquitaine.
		The Duchy loose its relative independance with the wedding of Aliénor, a woman who loved the Orient, the art, and who steered her duchy.
		The angular stone remains the study of the Duchy of Aquitaine at the time of Aliénor, without neglecting well the geopolitical context of this time, imposing not without the same curiosity the study of the other regions, the other country, the other peoples, the other cultures and their connections.
	www.montjoie.org /presentation.htm (1148 words)

	Toulouse History information to prepare your Adventure
		"The provinces of Aquitaine and of the Novempopulana (i.e.
		The kingdom of Aquitaine was transmitted to Pippin, the second son of Louis the Pious.
		Gothia was detached from the kingdom of Aquitaine and administered directly by the emperor, thus recreating the limits of the former duchy of Aquitaine.
	bonjourlafrance.net /france-city/toulouse-france/toulouse-history.htm (8025 words)

	King Richard the Lionheart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Richard I, King of England, nicknamed "Coeur de Lion" or "Richard the Lionheart", was the third son of King Henry II by Eleanor of Aquitaine.
		Born in September 1157, he received at the age of eleven the Duchy of Aquitaine, and was formally installed in 1172.
		Richard was soon pardoned and reinstated in his duchy, where he distinguished himself by crushing a formidable revolt (1175) and exacting homage from the count of Toulouse.
	www.nndb.com /people/426/000093147 (1464 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Charlemagne
		Hunald, formerly Duke of Aquitaine, vanquished by Pepin the Short, broke from the cloister, where he had lived as a monk for twenty years, and stirred up a revolt in the western part of the duchy.
		In any case, since the Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and the Exarchate; hence, apart from its effect on his shadowy claim to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles.
		This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he significantly omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made at the Diet of Thionville, in 806.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03610c.htm (7036 words)

	Bordeaux (Municipality, Gironde, France)
		Bordeaux is the préfecture of the department of Gironde and of the Region Aquitaine.
		The Duchy of Aquitaine, with Bordeaux as its capital city, was created by King Dagobert (629-638).
		In 1137, Louis, Crown Prince of France, married Aliénor (Eleanor), the unique daughter of Duke William of Aquitaine, and received as dowry the Duchy of Aquitaine, Périgord, Limousin, Poitou, Angoumois, Saintonge and Gascogne, as well as the suzereignty on Auvergne and the County of Toulouse.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-33-bo.html (1599 words)

	Gascony
		The duchy's borders fluctuated as the Basques fought the Visigoths, the Franks, and the Arabs throughout the Merovingian period.
		The duchy kept an independent spirit throughout its history, even when Charlemagne forced the duke of Gascony to recognize Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine, as his suzerain (9th cent.).
		Gascony shared the fate of Aquitaine, fell under English control in 1154, and was a major battleground in the Hundred Years War (1337–1453); it was completely recovered by France in 1453.
	home.comcast.net /~desilva22/Gascony.htm (397 words)

	Chapter Excerpt: Agincourt by Juliet Barker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		All that then remained in English hands was the duchy of Aquitaine, a narrow strip of sparsely populated, wine-producing land on the western seaboard of France.
		Whether Edward III and his successors, particularly Henry V, were sincere in their belief that they were the rightful kings of France, or were simply using the claim as a lever with which to extract more practical concessions, has been the subject of much unresolved debate.
		French forces invaded Aquitaine and threatened Calais and there were tit-for-tat raids on either side of the Channel in which undefended towns were burnt and plundered and enemy shipping was seized.
	www.twbookmark.com /books/10/0316015032/chapter_excerpt23043.html (4655 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Imperfect control over the duchy of Aquitaine, one of the king of Englands most valuable possessions, was the price paid by the Plantagenets for the maintenance of their regal dignity.
		Similar to the lieutenancy of Aquitaine was that of Ireland, an appointment that entailed the exercise of viceregal authority.
		French forces, which had seized the duchy in 1294, still occupied parts of Gascony (including Bordeaux) in 1303, at which time the duke Aquitaine was formally (and by proxy) reinvested by the king of France with the duchy.
	etext.virginia.edu /journals/EH/EH34/boehm34.html (7154 words)

	aquitaine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		She inherited the duchy of Aquitaine from her father in 1137, the same year in which she was married to Louis VII of France.
		Eleanor continued to be prominent in public affairs until she retired to the abbey in Fontevrault, France, where she died on April 1, 1204.
		Strengthened duchy and made it virtually independent; declined offer (1024) of Italian crown; patron of arts and literature.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/aquitaine.htm (343 words)

	1100 - 1199
		Lothiar (soon to be Lothair II of the Holy Roman Empire) is granted the duchy of Saxony by Henry V of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Eleanor of Aquitaine's marriage to Louis VII is annulled.
		Eleanor of Aquitaine is released from her confinement, and manages to secure the succession of her son Richard to the throne of England.
	www.medievaltymes.com /courtyard/1100_-_1199.htm (2204 words)

	BookPage Nonfiction Review: Eleanor of Aquitaine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Eleanor of Aquitaine led a remarkable life -- queen of England and France, participant in a Crusade, mother of Richard the Lionheart, patron of troubadours, benefactor of convents, and actor in numerous court intrigues that decided the fates of kingdoms and helped shape the political boundaries of medieval Europe.
		Both marriages were arranged in large part because of Eleanor's claim to the vast, wealthy duchy of Aquitaine in France, and Weir carefully shows how the unions deteriorated into acrimony.
		But the queen's legacy reached all the way to the War of the Roses 300 years later, which marked the end of the line she and Henry founded, and she left her distinctive imprint on the map of Europe.
	www.bookpage.com /0002bp/nonfiction/eleanor.html (345 words)

	Aquitaine - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Julius Caesar conquered the Aquitani, an Iberian people of SW Gaul, in 56 BC The province that he created occupied the territory between the Garonne River and the Pyrenees; under Roman rule it was extended northward and eastward almost as far as the Loire River.
		A group of Aquitanian nobles made Pepin's young son, Pepin II, king, and a struggle for control ensued between Charles and the Aquitanians (840-52; 862-65).
		Explore the Food and Wine Delights of France's Loire and Aquitaine Valleys with Interhostel's Educational Tours for Adults 50 and Over.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-aquitain.html (553 words)

	Aquitaine — FactMonster.com
		from Aquitaine (7th cent.), the area N of the Garonne was considered Aquitaine proper.
		Eleanor of Aquitaine - Eleanor of Aquitaine, 1122?–1204, queen consort first of Louis VII of France and then of...
		Eleanor of Aquitaine - Eleanor of Aquitaine European queen Born: 1122?– Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of the most...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0804462.html (531 words)

	Monarchy - Eleanor of Aquitaine
		The articulate and wilful Eleanor was the most powerful woman of her generation, married first to the king of France, then to the king of England.
		In 1137, as heir to the duchy of Aquitaine, she was married at 15 to Louis VII of France.
		Wife of Louis VII of France and then of Henry II of England, and mother to Richard I Lionheart and King John, Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of the key political figures of the 12th century.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/M/monarchy/biogs/eleanor.html (552 words)

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