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Topic: Duchy of Bar

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	Counts and dukes of Bar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first dynasty of Bar were in fact dukes of Upper Lotharingia out of the house of the counts of the Ardennes, descendants of count palatine Wigeric of Lotharingia.
		In 1419 Louis of Bar, brother of the last-named, cardinal and bishop of Chalons, gave the duchy of Bar to Rene, Duke of Anjou and king of Naples, the grandson of his sister Yolande, who married Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine.
		Thierry II of Bar (1093-1105), son of Sophia of Bar (+1093) and count Louis of Montbelliard (+1071).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Counts_and_dukes_of_Bar (502 words)

	Battle of Agincourt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The battle was fought in the defile (gorge) formed by the wood of Agincourt and that of Tramecourt.
		The night of 24 October was spent by the two armies on the ground, and the English had little shelter from the heavy rain.
		Edward III, Duke of Bar (the Duchy of Bar lost its independence as a consequence of his death)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt (2436 words)

	Lorraine. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Chief of these were the county of Barrois, later the duchy of Bar (see Bar-le-Duc), and the three bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun.
		Bar and Lorraine were reunited when Lorraine passed by marriage to René of Anjou, duke of Bar; the three bishoprics were finally annexed by France in 1552.
		By an arrangement (1735) with Louis XV, he exchanged the duchies of Lorraine and Bar for Tuscany; Lorraine and Bar were given to Louis XV’s father-in-law, Stanislaus I, ex-king of Poland, upon whose death (1766) they passed to France.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/Lorraine.html (599 words)

	Bar-le-Duc - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bar-le-Duc was at one time the seat of the countship, later duchy, of Bar.
		Though probably of ancient origin, the town was unimportant till the 10th century when it became the residence of the counts.
		In this quarter are the remains (16th century) of the chateau of the dukes of Bar, dismantled in 1670, the old clock-tower, and the college, built in the latter half of the 16th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bar-le-Duc (494 words)

	Bar castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Bar castle is one of the most famous castles of Podillia.
		The castle in the town of Bar was built by Boplan on the place of the old one, on the bank of the river Riv.
		In 1672 Bar was occupied by the Turkish Army and soon the town and the castle fell into decay.
	www.library.vinnitsa.com /podolia/eng/Z_Bar.htm (633 words)

	math lessons - Bar
		Bar (counter) - the counter from which drinks are dispensed in a Bar (establishment).
		Bar, Ukraine - a fortress in the Podolia region of Ukraine that was once a part of Poland.
		Bar is a former county and duchy of France, see counts and dukes of Bar.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Bar (334 words)

	PageL.html
		Associated with this duchy was the family of the Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg [Sachsen-Lauenburg] (ext.
		Duchy of Saxe [Sachsen] -Lauenburg was a member of the Protestant corpus at the Treaty of Westpahlia.
		The Duchy* of Leiningen was established in 1779.
	www.remmick.org /Remmick.German.Facts/PageL.html (1402 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		It was the capital of the county (later duchy) of Bar, an irregularly shaped area stretching from the Marne to the Luxembourg frontier.
		The duchy passed (15th cent.) to René of Anjou, later also duke of Lorraine.
		Bar thereafter shared the history of Lorraine, with which it passed to France in 1766.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:BarleDuc (114 words)

	Tarascon, René 1st, known as " The Good " , of the 3rd House of Anjou, reigned in the 15th century.
		Duke of Anjou, of Bar (1430 –1480) and of Lorraine (1431 – 1453).
		He transferred the Duchy of Lorraine to his son Jean de Calabre (1453) and entrusted the administration of the Duchy of Bar to his son in law, Ferry II de Lorraine-Vaudemont (1456).
		It was for this reason that, on the death of René, in 1480, Louis XI took advantage to annex the Duchy of Anjou to the Kingdom of France.
	www.tarascon.org /en/histoire_rene.php (3497 words)

	Lockhart of Bar
		The word "bar" in one of its definitions refers to a land formation, a bank of sand or earth, forming a shoal at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing entrance, or rendering it difficult.
		John Lokkart de le Bar [John-1] [b abt 1396] perhaps the son of Andrew Lockhart, is recorded in 1417 as being a jury member [History of County of Ayr, ii.66].
		Robert Ross, MD, against Marion Campbell, widow of George Lokhart of Bar, and John Lokhart [John-9] of Bar, son and heir of the deceased John Lokhart of Boghall, concerning a contract pertaining to the property of Gallenholmes [CC/viii.245].
	www.lockharts.com /lockhartofbar (4360 words)

	German Genealogy: History of Lorraine
		The Duchy of Upper Lotharingia was made of a territory which was almost the same as the present Lorraine plus the region of Trier.
		To the west of the Duchy, the County of Bar became a Dukedom in 1354.
		In 1736 the Duchies of Lorraine and of Bar went to Stanislas Leszczynski as he abdicated the throne of Poland.
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/ELS-LOT/lor-hist.html (1398 words)

	Decorations of the Duchy of Brunswick
		The Duchy of Brunswick was one of oldest states in Germany, with an almost continuous existence under the same ruling family dating back to the 1200s.
		In the 1905 census, the duchy showed a population of 485,655, of which 136,162 were in the city of Brunswick alone.
		Duke Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand had died of wounds received in the battle of Jena in 1806, and the duchy was incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia from 1807 to 1813.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/braunschweig.htm (1269 words)

	Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		The village was located in the Duchy of Bar (not, as is sometimes claimed, in the Duchy of Lorraine - an imperial territory across the border).
		One portion of the town was therefore officially "Armagnac" and another portion nominally pro-Burgundian; ironically, the d'Arc family's home may actually have been in the "Burgundian" portion, depending on the exact course of the little stream that marked the boundary, a meandering rivulet called "le Ruisseau des Trois Fontaines" ["The Brook of Three Sources"].
		In a further twist, the inheritor of the Duchy of Bar, René d'Anjou, would serve among the nobles in Joan's army during her later campaigns despite his pledge of subservience to the English and over the objections of his pro-Burgundian relatives.
	members.aol.com /hywwebsite/private/joanofarc_domremy.html (1109 words)

	Istria on the Internet - Heraldy - Austria-Hungary
		The Duchy of Guastalla (now part of Italy) was created in 1621, and was since 1539 (as a county) a possession of the Gonzaga family.
		In 1748 it was joined with the Duchy Parma and Piacenza, and became part of Austria together with Parma and Piacenza in 1847.
		The Duchy of Teschen (Cieszyn) was created from the County of Upper Silezia and has been part of Austria-Hungary until 1918 when it was divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia.
	www.istrianet.org /istria/heraldry/austria-hungary (4057 words)

	Naples Newspaper -- Recommendations and Resources
		The elder, Louis III, succeeded to the crown of Sicily and to the duchy of Anjou, René being known as the count of Guise.
		By his marriage treaty (1419) with Isabel, elder daughter of Charles I, Duke of Lorraine, he became heir to the duchy of Bar, which was claimed as the inheritance of his mother Yolande, and, in right of his wife, heir to the duchy of Lorraine.
		When Louis of Bar died in 1430 René came into sole possession of his duchy, and in the next year, on his father-in-law's death, he succeeded to the duchy of Lorraine.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/102/naples-newspaper.html (1728 words)

	The Titles of the European Rulers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		In 1301 the Count of Bar became a vassal of the Kings of France for the Western part of his possessions (Barrois Mouvant), but he remained a vassal of the Roman Emperors for the Eastern part of his possessions.
		In 1634-1659, 1670-1697 and 1702-1714 the Franch occupied the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar.
		René of Vaudémont (+1508), Duke of Lorraine 1473, of Bar 1483 >
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/bar.html (2009 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Lorraine, 1608-1635
		The Duchy of Lorraine (in German : Lothringen), mostly French-speaking, while technically a part of the Holy Roman Empire, had established a large degree of autonomy (liber, non incorporatus).
		The Dukes of Lorraine also were Dukes of Bar; Bar partly was part of the Holy Roman Empire, partly part of the Kingdom of France.
		France confiscated Bar Mouvant, those parts of the Duchy of Bar, which were French fief since 1301.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/lorraine16081635.html (531 words)

	Poland - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		Opposition to Russian domination led to the formation (with French help) in 1768 of the Confederation of the Bar, which, however, was suppressed militarily by Russia in 1772.
		It manifested itself in the thorough reform (including the abolition of the liberum veto) embodied in the May Constitution (1791) for the remaining independent part of Poland and in the heroic revolt (1794) led by Kosciusko.
		By the Treaty of Tilsit (1807), Napoleon I created a Polish buffer state, the grand duchy of Warsaw, under King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p/poland.asp (4542 words)

	Langued'oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		The Countship of Barrois (Bar) was established for Frederick of Bidgau by the Emperor Otto I - Frederick went on to become Duke of Ober-Lotharingen (Lorraine).
		Upon the extinction of his dynasty, Bar was inherited by the family of Mousson, who became the most powerful and certainly one of the most turbulent and obstreperous vassals of Lorraine.
		Not to be confused with the Duchy of Bar in Lorraine.
	www.hostkingdom.net /Languedoil.html (2903 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Military Orders of Saint Hubert
		After being held by collateral branches of the family, and passing through many political changes, the Duchy of Jülich, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, was under the jurisdiction of the Electoral Prince Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Neuberg.
		The cross is of gold enamelled in white and surmounted by a crown; on one side is represented the conversion of St. Hubert, with the Gothic legend In traw vast (firm in fidelity); on the other the imperial orb and the inscription In memoriam recuperatæ dignitatis avitæ 1708.
		On the cession of the Duchies of Bar and Lorraine to France, Louis XV confirmed the knights in their ancient privileges.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07508b.htm (419 words)

	Francia Media: Lorraine & Burgundy
		Upper Lorraine bordered, to the east, on Alsace, part of the Duchy of Swabia, to the south, on the Free County of Burgundy, and to the west, on Champagne.
		The Duchy proper came to be the equivalent of the Duchy of Brabant, and the Low Countries developed their own identity, especially as possessions of the Valois Dukes of Burgundy.
		The upper bar may render the plaque (the Titulus) that announced Jesus "King of the Jews." Later it was adopted by Charles de Gaulle as the symbol of the Free French in World War II.
	www.friesian.com /lorraine.htm (11814 words)

	Lorraine: History
		Bar and Lorraine were reunited when Lorraine passed by marriage to
		of Anjou, duke of Bar; the three bishoprics were finally annexed by France in 1552.
		By an arrangement (1735) with Louis XV, he exchanged the duchies of Lorraine and Bar for Tuscany; Lorraine and Bar were given to Louis XV's father-in-law,
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0859343.html (358 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Lorraine, 1445-1508
		Duke Rene I. (1431-1453, of Bar), Duke Jean I., of Calabria (1431-1453, of Lorraine), Duke Jean II.
		King Rene was mainly occupied with Italian policy; in 1453 he transferred Lorraine to Jean of Calabria (Duchy of Lorraine), while he held on to Bar and Naples.
		In Bar, institutions modelled on the French emerged; the House of Burgundy was often successful in having her candidates elected to bishops of Toul, Verdun, Metz.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/lorraine14451508.html (499 words)

	Duchy Arms, The London Pub & Bar Information, , 63 Sancroft Street
		The Duchy Arms is a family run place.
		There is always a friendly face behind the bar.
		The Duchy Arms is quite a big pub and has a good beer garden.
	www.viewlondon.co.uk /info_pubbar_maps_1187.html (84 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Thomas More
		In February, 1496, he was admitted to Lincoln's Inn as a student, and in due course was called to the outer bar and subsequently made a bencher.
		When the Emperor Charles V visited London in the following year, More was chosen to deliver the Latin address of welcome; and grants of land in Oxford and Kent, made then and three years later, gave further proof of Henry's favour.
		In 1523 he was elected Speaker of the House of Commons on Wolsey's recommendation; became High Steward of Cambridge University in 1525; and in the same year was made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, to be held in addition to his other offices.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14689c.htm (3976 words)

	Lorraine - 999 Lorraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-01)
		It is important to note that the current region of Lorraine is larger than the historical duchy of Lorraine which gradually passed under French sovereignty between 1737 and 1766.
		The case of Barrois is the most complicated: the western part of Barrois (west of the Meuse River), known as Barrois mouvant, was detached from the rest of Barrois in the early 14th century and passed under French sovereignty.
		Thus the duchies of Bar and Lorraine were united under the same duke, although formally they kept separate existence until their incorporation into France in 1766.
	www.999lorraine.com (388 words)

	Hexenverfolgungen&Kriminaljustiz
		This was apparently developed from less coherent precedents during the early 16th century, perhaps largely because procedures in the Duchy of Bar were subject to appeal before the Parlement of Paris.
		Legal costs were remarkably low, so given the high chance of securing a conviction it is rather surprising that the duchy only saw between 2,000 and 3,000 trials over 60 years of continuous persecution.
		Nothing in the surviving judicial records suggests the kind of high-level legal scepticism, or distance from popular belief, to be found among the Paris parlementaires.
	www.uni-trier.de /hexen/abstracts/abbriggs01eng.html (683 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles IV, duke of Lorraine (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He succeeded to the duchy in 1624 but was to lose it several times because of his anti-French policy.
		Although he joined the Spanish during the Fronde, he communicated with the French government and as a result was imprisoned by the Spanish (1654–59).
		Expelled once more by the French in 1670, Charles later helped to instigate the alliance of Spain and the Holy Roman emperor with the Dutch in the third of the Dutch Wars.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles4dLo.html (296 words)

	FRANCIA
		The brothers of Charles V had all been given major Duchies to rule, and the Royal cousins in Burgundy soon proved themselves a Royal pain for the Monarchy, attempting to reconstruct Francia Media, often as allies of the English.
		After the deaths of René the Good (1480), whose male heirs had predeceased him, and of Charles III, René's nephew, Louis XI secured the return of the Duchy of Anjou, the County of Provence, and, according to some sources, the French part of the Duchy of Bar.
		René's heirs were left with the (Imperial) Duchy of Lorraine, the (Imperial) Duchy of Bar, and the County of Guise.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (14221 words)

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