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Topic: Duchy of Lorraine

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House of Lorraine

Leopold, Duke of Lorraine

Duchy of Bar

Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine

Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine

Dukes of Lorraine family tree

Frederick of Lorraine

Claude, Duke of Guise

Antoine, Duke of Brabant

House of Guise

Duke of Brabant

Lotharingia

Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor

Stanislaus I of Poland

Chateau de Blois

	Lorraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lorraine (or Lothringen in German) is a région of France in the north-east of the country.
		Lorraine is famous as the birthplace of Joan of Arc, and it is also the 'birthplace' of the famous French dish, Quiche Lorraine.
		A part of Lorraine, along with Alsace, was annexed by Germany after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 causing a great number of people to emigrate into France, and Lorraine remained a part of Germany until the end of World War I, when Germany had to cede it to France.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/l/lo/lorraine.html (452 words)

	Duchy of Lorraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Duchy, as well as the modern region of Lorraine, was the focus of centuries of dispute between France and Germany.
		Lorraine, after siding with the Emperor in the Thirty Years War, was largely occupied by the French in 1641.
		With Stanislas's death in 1766, the long independent history of the Duchy of Lorraine came to an end, and the Duchy was annexed to France.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duchy_of_Lorraine (484 words)

	Lorraine [Definition]
		Metz Metz is a city in the North-East of France, capital of the Lorraine région and of the département of Moselle (57).
		Lorraine ( German German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the world's major languages.
		See Duchy of Lorraine The Duchy of Lorraine was an independent state for most of the period of time between 843 to 1739.
	www.wikimirror.com /Lorraine (2726 words)

	Lorraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lorraine or Lothringen is a region and former province, North East France, bordering in the North on Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany, in the East on Alsace, in the South on Franche-Comté, and in the West on Champagne.
		Lorraine, as its name indicates, was in the 9th century, part of the kingdom of Lotharingia ; it became a duchy under the Holy Roman Empire.
		In the 16th century, a cadet branch of the house of Lorraine, the Guise family, gained tremendous influence in France, while Lorraine itself, under Duke Charles II (1559-1608), enjoyed a period of relative order and prosperity in a Europe torn by religious and imperialistic strife.
	www.clemery.com /lorraine.html (609 words)

	Lorraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lorraine is a region of France in the north-east of the country.
		In 1766 Lorraine was reorganized by the French government.
		Lorraine, together with Alsace was annexed by Germany after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.
	www.freetemplate.ws /lo/lorraine.html (610 words)

	Lorraine (Traditional province, France)
		In 1431, the Duchy of Lorraine, except the Three Bishoprics (Metz, Toul and Verdun) was ceded to the house of Anjou.
		The cross of Lorraine resurfaced in June 1940, when it was adopted as the emblem of the Free France, the small group of soldiers who had refused the capitulation and rallied General de Gaulle in London.
		The cross of Lorraine was officially prescribed as the emblem of the Free France (later the Fighting France) by a regulation of 5 June 1941.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-lo.html (2902 words)

	History of the duchy of Bouillon
		The content of the donation was the sovereign duchy of Bouillon, the viscountcy of Turenne, the duchy of Albret, the county of Auvergne and baronny of La Tour, and the Paris residence of the Bouillon family.
		The duchy of Bouillon was conquered in 1794 and annexed by France on October 25, 1795.
		The sovereignty of the former duchy was attributed to the king of Netherlands as grand duke of Luxemburg, and Bouillon was united to the grand duchy.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/bouillon.htm (10145 words)

	Lorraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lorraine''' (German languageGerman: '''''Lothringen'') is a historical area in present-day northeast France.
		Lorraine Capers walked around the rows of tables, stopping only to adjust clothing that had slipped off a table, or to help someone with their bags.
		But when Lorraine Eckermann, of Campbell, was diagnosed with breast cancer 21 years ago at the age of 29, there were no support groups and the topic was just a whisper.
	www.infothis.com /find/Lorraine (912 words)

	Armoria academica - Lorraine Primary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The last member of the House of Lorraine to reign over the duchy was François-Étienne I (*1708 1765), who in 1736 succeeded in marrying Maria Theresia of the House of Habsburg, who from 1740 was Queen of Bohemia and Hungary and Archduchess of Austria.
		The duchy was not a cohesive geographical unit, due to the separation from it of the so-called Trois-Évêchés (Three Bishoprics), three cities which during the High Middle Ages became prince-bishoprics and so were separated from the duchy, leaving the duke’s territory looking like a jigsaw puzzle missing about a fifth of its pieces.
		Lorraine’s rural character meant that the installation of a telephone in May 1952, and of electricity in the school building in the fourth term of that year, were red-letter events.
	www.geocities.com /wapenskild/skole/LorrainePS.html (3145 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lorraine
		By the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the empire of Charlemagne was divided in three parts: Ludwig the German received Eastern Franconia; Charles the Bald, Western Franconia; and Lothair I, the strip of land lying between the two and reaching from the North Sea to the Rhone, with Italy in addition.
		Lorraine, moreover, included within its boundaries the original home of the Austrasian dynasty, with Aachen, Charlemagne's capital, and the most important centres of ancient culture: two archbishoprics (Cologne and Trier), many bishoprics (Metz, Toul, Verdun, etc.), abbeys and royal castles.
		The southern part, Upper Lorraine, or the Land of the Moselle, extended to the south-east of the Vosges and to the Sichelberg, with the Archbishopric of Trier and the Bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09362a.htm (2418 words)

	History of cities and towns of the French region of Lorraine
		The autonomy of the duchy of Lorraine is recognized by Charles Quint in 1532.
		Of 1545 to 1608: the wealth of the duchy is assured by the duke Charles III.
		To the death of Stanislas, in 1766, Louis XV inherits the Lorraine.
	annuairelorraine.free.fr /page14.html (316 words)

	Francia Media: Lorraine & Burgundy
		To the east, Upper Lorraine bordered on Alsace, part of the Duchy of Swabia, on the south, the Free County of Burgundy, and on the west, Champagne.
		The Duchy proper came to be the equivalent of the Duchy of Brabant, and the Low Countries developed their own identity, especially as possessions of the Valois Dukes of Burgundy.
		Isabel, the Heiress of Lorraine, marries a grandson of Duke Louis I of Anjou, son of King John II of France.
	www.friesian.com /lorraine.htm (11654 words)

	German Genealogy: History of Lorraine
		The Duchy of Upper Lotharingia was made of a territory which was almost the same as the present Lorraine plus the region of Trier.
		In 1736 the Duchies of Lorraine and of Bar went to Stanislas Leszczynski as he abdicated the throne of Poland.
		Robert Schuman (1886-1963), a renowned Lorrainer, was the founder of the European Coal and Steel Community and one of the "fathers of Europe".
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/ELS-LOT/lor-hist.html (1408 words)

	Lorraine - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The area is famous as the birthplace of Joan of Arc, and the place where Quiche Lorraine originated.
		A part of Lorraine, along with Alsace, was reunited with Germany after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 causing a number of French people to emigrate into France, and a part of Lorraine remained a part of Germany until the end of World War I, when Germany had to cede it to France.
		The occupation, while putting a halt to the perceived anti-Germanic oppression, subjected the region to the Nazi dictatorship, which was loathed by the majority of the people, including the ethnic Germans.
	www.grohol.com /wiki/Lorraine (702 words)

	AllRefer.com - Lotharingia (French History) - Encyclopedia
		The ducal titles in both duchies subsequently were awarded in confusing succession to various noble houses, but their significance became nothing as the great feudal lords gained in power.
		In Upper Lorraine, the ducal title continued until 1766 in what became known simply as the duchy of Lorraine ; this was greatly restricted in extent and did not include Alsace, Luxembourg, the bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, and the archbishopric of Trier, all of which were originally in Upper Lorraine.
		In Lower Lorraine, the title soon lapsed completely; chief among the fiefs that emerged here were the duchies of Brabant, Bouillon, Limburg, JUlich, Cleves, and Berg, the county of Hainaut, and the bishopric of LiEge.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lotharin.html (464 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: House of Guise
		The dukes of Guise, however, as descendants of the House of Anjou, had certain pretensions to the Kingdom of Naples, and it was doubtless with the secret intention of defending these claims that François de Lorraine furthered an alliance between Henry II and Pope Paul IV which was menaced by Philip II.
		He was known at first of the Cardinal of Guise, and as the second Cardinal of Lorraine, after the death of his uncle, Jean (1550), first Cardinal of Lorraine.
		On the marriage of Henry II with the Dauphin Francis, Henry II desired them to assume the titles of king and Queen of England and Ireland, alleging that Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII, and Anne Boleyn, was ineligible, having been the child of an illegitimate marriage, also a heretic.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07074a.htm (6401 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Lorraine, 1445-1508
		King Rene was mainly occupied with Italian policy; in 1453 he transferred Lorraine to Jean of Calabria (Duchy of Lorraine), while he held on to Bar and Naples.
		In 1475, Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy occupied Lorraine with Nancy and formally claimed it for the House of Burgundy.
		regained the Duchy of Lorraine; Bar, until 1485, was occupied by the French.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/lorraine14451508.html (501 words)

	Tarascon, René 1st, known as " The Good " , of the 3rd House of Anjou, reigned in the 15th century.
		When he was eleven yars old, he married Isabelle, daughter and heiress of Duke Charles II of Lorraine, on October 24th 1420, he fell in love with her and they had 4 children.
		He transferred the Duchy of Lorraine to his son Jean de Calabre (1453) and entrusted the administration of the Duchy of Bar to his son in law, Ferry II de Lorraine-Vaudemont (1456).
		It was for this reason that, on the death of René, in 1480, Louis XI took advantage to annex the Duchy of Anjou to the Kingdom of France.
	www.tarascon.org /en/histoire_rene.php (3505 words)

	Articles - Lotharingia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 959 Bruno effected the long-lasting split of the territories, under two dukes, as the duchies of Upper Lorraine and Lower Lorraine.
		Upper Lorraine was the object of territorial disputes between France and Germany for a thousand years.
		The Duchy of Lower Lorraine, also known as Lothier, did not withstand the centripetal forces of the 10th century, and soon fragmented into separate duchies and counties.
	kamero.net /articles/Lotharingia?mySession=24ea71769e477dee0af9a6e83... (293 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Lorraine, 1635-1697
		The DUCHY OF LORRAINE, mostly French-speaking, was a part of the HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE.
		During the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Lorraine was an ally of the Emperor; in 1635 France entered the war, Lorraine was occupied by French troops from 1634 to 1661, battleground in the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659) which included the troubles caused by the Fronde.
		The Treaty of the Pyrenees 1659 stipulated that Charles regained the Duchy of Lorraine; Lorraine had to cede some territories to France, to provide France with a road connecting her with her new territories in the Alsace.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/germany/lorraine16351697.html (413 words)

	Articles - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		pincerna or buticularius), Eberhard III of Franconia as steward, and Gilbert of Lorraine as chamberlain.
		He kept the now-vacant duchy of Franconia as a personal fiefdom, while in 944 he bestowed the duchy of Lorraine upon Conrad the Red, who later married his daughter Liutgard.
		In an extreme example, when Conrad the Red was stripped of his ducal title in Lorraine, he appointed his brother Bruno, already the Archbishop of Cologne as the new duke of Lorraine.
	www.greensky.biz /articles/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1104 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1522, Henri II removed the duchy from the influence of the trois évêchés, and in 1547, the Emperor Charles V recognised the independence of Lorraine in return for taxes which he used in his fight against the French.
		The fall of La Mothe in 1645 during the Thirty Years War left the duchy in the hands of the Swedes, and although the Treaties of the Pyrenees, 1659, and Vincennes, 1661, partially restored the Duchy to Charles IV, the French invaded when he refused the protection of Louis XIV in 1670.
		The dexter part bears the simple arms of Lorraine and in the sinister the escallop refers to the salines, salt mines, of the area which were exploited by the ducs in the Middle Ages.
	www.briantimms.com /chf/11lorraine.htm (12818 words)

	Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc)
		The village was located in the Duchy of Bar (not, as is sometimes claimed, in the Duchy of Lorraine - an imperial territory across the border).
		In a further twist, the inheritor of the Duchy of Bar, René d'Anjou, would serve among the nobles in Joan's army during her later campaigns despite his pledge of subservience to the English and over the objections of his pro-Burgundian relatives.
		No such ambiguity existed in Domrémy's rival village across the river to the east, Maxey-sur-Meuse in the Duchy of Lorraine, which was pro-Burgundian in both feudal status and sentiment; and the boys of the two towns mirrored their elders' conflict by engaging in occasional brawls
	members.aol.com /hywwebsite/private/joanofarc_domremy.html (1110 words)

	King Rene's Book of Love :Le Cueur d'Amours Espris
		Such youthful dynastic marriages were frequently resorted to in those days, as effective weapons in the constant struggles for power (whether on the level of diplomatic accommodation or ruthless warfare) in the course of which today's allies all too frequently became tomorrow's blood-thirsty enemies.
		Duke Charles of Lorraine, Rene's father-in-law, was at war with King Charles VII of France who was also involved in the Hundred-Years War with England.
		In addition to the Duchy, his brother had bequeathed him a royal crown, for Queen Joan of Naples and Sicily had made Louis of Anjou her Co-Regent and heir and, after Louis' death, named Rene as his brother's heir.
	kingrene.guice.org /renentro.html (1648 words)

	Articles - Lorraine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Lorraine is a frenchified version of the German title Lotharingen.
		In the old Alemannic language that was once spoken in Lorraine the end syllable -ingen signified a property.
		Like much of the Balkans and Eastern Europe much of Lorraine was a patchwork of ethnicities and dialects, sometimes not even mutually compatible with either French or German.
	www.kamero.net /articles/Lorraine (609 words)

	Maria Theresa
		From the Duchy of Lorraine, Francis was the son of Elisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, a French princess whose brother, the Duc d'Orléans, had acted as regent for Louis XV during Louis' childhood.
		In 1729, his father, the Duc de la Lorraine, died, leaving the 18-year-old as the hereditary successor, a line that had begun in the time of Charlemagne.
		Lorraine eventually became part of France, though Francis received the Duchy of Tuscany.
	royalwomen.tripod.com /id18.html (1288 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		To prevent further revolts, Otto arranged for all the important duchies in the German kingdom to be held by close family members.
		He kept the now-vacant duchy of Franconia as a personal possession, while in 944 he bestowed the duchy of Lorraine upon Conrad the Red, who later married his daughter Liutgard.
		While Otto was initially successful in reasserting his authority in Lorraine, he was captured while attacking Mainz, and by the next year, the rebellion had spread throughout the kingdom.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (991 words)

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