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Topic: Duchy of Lower Lorraine

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	LORRAINE - LoveToKnow Article on LORRAINE
		Lorraine in Medieval Times,The original kingdom of Lorraine was the northern part of the territories allotted by the treaty of Verdun (August 843) to the emperor Lothair I., and in 85l formed the inheritance of his second son, King Lothair.
		Thi~ kingdom of Lorraine was situated between the -realms of th East and the West Franks, and originally extended along thi North Sea between the mouths of the Rhine and the Ems including the whole or part of Frisia and the cities on the righi bank of the Rhine.
		The majority of the municipal charters of Lorraine were derived from the charter of Beaumont in Argonne, which was at first extended to the Barrois and was granted by Fern, in spite of the hostility of his barons, to La Neuveville in 1257, to Frouard in 1263 and to Lunville in 1265.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LO/LORRAINE.htm (4736 words)

	BRABANT - LoveToKnow Article on BRABANT
		The history of Brabant is connected with that of the duchy of Lower Lorraine (q.v.), which became in the course of the nth century split up into a number of small feudal states.
		The remnant of the duchy, united since uoo with the margraviate of Antwerp, was conferred in 1106 by the emperor Henry V., with the title of duke of Lower Lorraine, upon Godfrey (Godefroid) I., " the Bearded," count of Louvain and Brussels.
		After his death (1383) his widow continued to rule over the two duchies for eighteen years, but was obliged to rely on the support of the house of Burgundy in her contests with the turbulent city gilds and with her neighbors, the dukes of Julich and Gelderland.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BR/BRABANT.htm (1407 words)

	History of the duchy of Bouillon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1082, Godefroi de Bouillon, son of Eustace de Boulogne and Uida of Ardenne, and nephew of Godefroi the Hunchback, inherited the duchy of Lower Lorraine.
		The content of the donation was the sovereign duchy of Bouillon, the viscountcy of Turenne, the duchy of Albret, the county of Auvergne and baronny of La Tour, and the Paris residence of the Bouillon family.
		The sovereignty of the former duchy was attributed to the king of Netherlands as grand duke of Luxemburg, and Bouillon was united to the grand duchy.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/bouillon.htm (10124 words)

	Bouillon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Middle Ages it was a county within the Duchy of Lower Lorraine.
		The most famous of the Counts of Bouillon was Godfrey of Bouillon (see the Dukes of Lower Lorraine for the other Counts of Bouillon).
		Within Lower Lorraine was the County of Bouillon; its counts were often simultaneously Dukes of Lower Lorraine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bouillon (224 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lorraine
		Lorraine, moreover, included within its boundaries the original home of the Austrasian dynasty, with Aachen, Charlemagne's capital, and the most important centres of ancient culture: two archbishoprics (Cologne and Trier), many bishoprics (Metz, Toul, Verdun, etc.), abbeys and royal castles.
		The southern part, Upper Lorraine, or the Land of the Moselle, extended to the south-east of the Vosges and to the Sichelberg, with the Archbishopric of Trier and the Bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun.
		By the Peace of Westphalia, in 1648, Metz, Toul, and Verdun were formally ceded to France, which had re-occupied the Duchy of Lorraine in 1632, and by the Treaty of 1661 territory was ceded to Louis XIV, which thus secured to him a passage across Lorraine to Alsace.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09362a.htm (2421 words)

	LORRAINE - Online Information article about LORRAINE
		Brabant, as the dukes of Lower Lorraine came to be called.
		His duchy suffered considerably from the passage of German bands on their way to help the Protestants in France, and also from disturbances caused by the progress of Calvinism, especially in the neighbourhood of the three bishoprics.
		Lorraine and Barrois formed a large government corresponding, together with the little government of the three bishoprics, to the intendance of Lorraine and the generalite of Metz.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /LOB_LUP/LORRAINE.html (3940 words)

	Francia Media: Lorraine & Burgundy
		To the east, Upper Lorraine bordered on Alsace, part of the Duchy of Swabia, on the south, the Free County of Burgundy, and on the west, Champagne.
		The Duchy proper came to be the equivalent of the Duchy of Brabant, and the Low Countries developed their own identity, especially as possessions of the Valois Dukes of Burgundy.
		Isabel, the Heiress of Lorraine, marries a grandson of Duke Louis I of Anjou, son of King John II of France.
	www.friesian.com /lorraine.htm (11703 words)

	Duke of Lower Lotharingia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia encompassed part of modern-day Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany west of the Rhine and a nothern part of France (east from the Schelde).
		Henry I, Duke of Brabant: in 1190 the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia was passed to the Duke of Brabant as a honorific title (Duke of Lothier) without territorial authority outside the imperial fiefs of the Dukes of Brabant.
		This page was last modified 12:06, 7 November 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine (126 words)

	Lotharingia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The core of the duchy of Lotharingia consisted of those parts of Lothar II’s kingdom which fell to the eastern king, Louis the German, in 870 by the treaty of Meersen.
		The division of Lotharingia into upper and lower duchies dates from 958/9, but the permanent status of this division must be questioned up to perhaps 1046, the point in time when the Matfridinger succession began in the upper duchy.
		Most of the measures taken in Lower Lorraine during the second half of the tenth century were necessitated by the repreated incursions of the exiled Reginars, who were pursuing rights of claim as heirs of Duke Giselbert.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/d/c/dcj121/prosop/offices/lothar.htm (1625 words)

	Brabant, duchy of on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		former duchy, divided between Belgium (Brabant and Antwerp provs.) and the Netherlands (North Brabant prov.).
		The duchy of Brabant emerged (1190) from the duchy of Lower Lorraine.
		In 1430 it passed to Philip the Good of Burgundy, and in 1477 it was taken by the Hapsburgs.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b/brabntd1uc.asp (457 words)

	Brabant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Brabant is a former duchy in the Low Countries, and a former province of Belgium.
		The territory of the Duchy of Brabant corresponded approximately to that of the present Dutch province North Brabant and three provinces and one region of Belgium: Antwerp, Walloon Brabant, Flemish Brabant and Brussels-Capital Region.
		At the French occupation of the Southern Netherlands in 1795 the duchy of Brabant was dissolved.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/Brabant.htm (490 words)

	Wester Family History
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a small country (999 square miles) in Western Europe, bounded on the west and north by Belgium's Luxembourg province, on the east by West Germany's Rhineland province, and on the south by that portion of France called "Lorraine".
		Margaretha Wester was born 10 July 1828 at the Commune of Bertrange, Canton of Luxembourg in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the daughter of Michel and Marguerithe (Michels) Wester.
		She was born 2 July 1837 at the Commune of _____________, Canton of __________ in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the daughter of _____________ and _____________ (___________) Meyers.
	wester.family-history.com /familyhistory.htm (11821 words)

	Comments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The region is traversed by the Rhine, Moselle, and Wupper rivers and by the lower course of the Ruhr.
		After the breakup (11th cent.) of the duchy of Lower Lorraine (see Lotharingia), of which the area was a part, the region split into more than 100 ecclesiastic and secular fiefs; Aachen and Cologne became free imperial cities.
		As a result of the French Revolutionary Wars, France annexed the entire territory W of the Rhine, while the territory E of the Rhine was constituted (1803) the duchy (after 1806, grand duchy) of Berg.
	cutcutcut.blogdrive.com /comments?id=7 (367 words)

	Kingdoms of France - Lorraine
		Duchy is split between Upper and Lower Lorraine.
		Effectively, Upper Lorraine is the only surviving Duchy of Lorraine.
		Lower Lorraine Passes to the Dukes of Brabant, who cease using the title ("Lothier") in 1190.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/FranceLorraine.htm (181 words)

	CHARLES I - Online Information article about CHARLES I
		Lorraine, was a younger son of the Frankish See also:
		His authority in Lorraine was nominal; but he aided Otto in his struggle with Lothair, and on the See also:
		His eldest son Otto, duke of Lower Lorraine, died in 1005.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CAU_CHA/CHARLES_I.html (292 words)

	[No title]
		In the 12th century it was partitioned into the duchies of Brabant and Luxembourg, the bishopric of Liège, and the domain of the count of Hainaut, which included Flanders.
		In the 16th century, Belgium, with most of the area of the low countries, passed to the duchy of Burgundy and was inherited by Charles V, who incorporated it into his Holy Roman Empire.
		The Salian Franks of the lower Rhine subsequently in A.D. 486 ended Roman rule in northern France, establishing the nucleus of the future French kingdom.
	landru.i-link-2.net /jtrees/text/Nations_of_old-world.txt (2252 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Kingdom of Lotharingia Mod
		Germany re-established control over virtually all of Lotharingia by 925, and the subsequent Duchy of Lotharingia was later divided into Upper Lorraine and Lower Lorraine in 959.
		Most of the counties are taken from those included in the Duchy of Upper Lorraine and the Duchy of Lower Lorraine.
		Burgundy survived (as 2 free duchies) in the CK timeline, and got a major and more important/rilevant history than the lothar fief.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=156399 (2201 words)

	History of Alsace and Lorraine
		The histories of Alsace and Lorraine, while similar, are not identical.
		951 Duchy of Lower Lorraine went to Netherlands and lost the name of Lorraine; Duchy of Upper Lorraine retained its name, was largely independent with some cities being vassals of France, some unimportant towns were vassals of the German Empire
		Lorraine remained part of the German Empire until 1918, when it was awarded to France after World War I. © copyright 1997 by Sue Clarkson and FEEFHS; all rights reserved
	feefhs.org /FRL/fr/sc-alhis.html (862 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Bloodlines: The House of Habsburg
		The duchy of Lower Lorriane passed to House Habsburg on July 18, 1109 when Herman d’Ardennes, the Duke of Lower Lorraine committed suicide and did not leave a male heir and Otto’s grandson Gothard inherited the duchy through his mother.
		Gothard inherited the duchy with a large treasury, plenty of land but with unloyal vassals and an openly hostile Robert de Flandre the Count of Gent who was Euphrosine’s brother, as well as hostile counts and dukes of the de Flandre family in France.
		Since Gothahrd inherited the Duchy of Lower Lorraine, his relations with two of his vassals, The Count of Gent and the Count of Loon had been strained.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=169268 (4598 words)

	Tuscany Suites
		As this string of titles implies, he held a great estate on both sides of the Apennines, though the greater part was on the Lombardy and Emilia side.
		Her mother was Beatrice of Lorraine, a daughter of Frederick II, duke of Upper Lorraine, and of Matilda of Swabia.
		Matilda was her parents' youngest child, but her father was murdered in 1052, and her older sister and brother died soon afterwards, leaving the eight-year-old Matilda as a great heiress under her mother's guardianship.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/209/tuscany-suites.html (1022 words)

	Brabant 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		NOTE: The Duchy of Lower Lorraine, after the death of the last Carolingian duke, was held by various local nobles.
		In 1100 Emperor Henry IV gave it to the Ct of Limburg; in 1106 Limburg transferred it to Godfrey of Louvain.
		Local nobles resented this and the duchy was fought over for most of the 12th century.
	genealogy.euweb.cz /brabant/brabant1.html (319 words)

	AllRefer.com - Godfrey of Bouillon (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Godfrey of Bouillon[bOOyON´] Pronunciation Key, c.1058–1100, Crusader, duke of Lower Lorraine.
		He fought for Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV against Pope Gregory VII and against Rudolf of Swabia and was rewarded (c.1082) with the duchy of Lower Lorraine, which he claimed through his mother.
		With his brothers Eustace and Baldwin, he was among those who set out (1096) for Jerusalem on the First Crusade.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/GodfreyB.html (326 words)

	Godfrey of Bouillon Biography / Biography of Godfrey of Bouillon Main Biography
		Godfrey was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida, daughter of Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine.
		After years of delay Emperor Henry IV finally confirmed him in the duchy of Lower Lorraine.
		When he and his brothers, Eustace and Baldwin, joined the First Crusade, Godfrey was nevertheless obliged to pledge his castle in Bouillon, as well as the lordship of Verdun, to the bishop of Liège, presumably to help finance the expedition.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-godfrey-of-bouillon (510 words)

	I25230: Robert Bruce (Lrd of Annandale) (JUL 1243 - 14 JUN 1304)
		July 18, 1100, Jerusalem), duke of Lower Lorraine (as Godfrey IV; 1089-1100) and a leader of the First Crusade, who became the first Latin ruler in Palestine after the capture of Jerusalem from the Muslims in July 1099.
		Godfrey's parents were Count Eustace II of Boulogne and Ida, daughter of Duke Godfrey II of Lower Lorraine.
		Although he was named heir to the duchy of Lower Lorraine by his uncle in 1076, the Holy Roman emperor Henry IV kept the duchy for his son and left Godfrey with the lordship of Bouillon, in the Ardennes region of France.
	www.pa.uky.edu /~shapere/dkbingham/d0009/g0000024.html (1162 words)

	Genealogy Data Page 26 (Notes Pages)
		BIOGRAPHY: French GODEFROI DE BOUILLON, duke of Lower Lorraine (as Godfrey IV; 1089-1100) and a leader of the First Crusade, who became the first Latin ruler in Palestine after the capture of Jerusalem from the Muslims in July 1099.
		BIOGRAPHY: Duke of Lower Lorraine and first King of Jerusalem, son of Eustache II, Count of Boulogne, and of Ida, daughter of Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine; b.
		Some days later the Lorraine army was conveyed to Pelekan on the Gulf of Nicomedia, and at the end of April all the leaders of the crusade were reunited.
	www.angelfire.com /wa3/chrisbarttels/n_19.html (3837 words)

	Limburg -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		historic region of the Low Countries that was one of many small states resulting from the division of the duchy of Lower Lorraine in the second half of the 11th century.
		The name Limburg was finally applied when the rival houses of Limburg (heirs of the first count, Walram of Arlon) and Louvain made peace in 1155.
		Largely Flemish-speaking, it was formerly part of the feudal duchy of Limburg, which was divided between Belgium and The Netherlands in 1839.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9048287 (704 words)

	Who says the crusades were Christian?
		The organized army was commanded by the French, including Hugh, count of Vermandois; Robert, duke of Normandy and Stephen, count of Blois, the last 2 representing the king of England.
		The neighboring house of Boulogne sent Eustace, Baldwin and Godfrey, who had been appointed by Henry IV to the undesirable duchy of Lower Lorraine.
		In summary, it was Pope Urban, head of the christian church, that "lead" the 1st crusade, not Godfrey of Lorraine of the house of Bologne aka de Bouillon, who merely was in the right place when Jerusalem fell.
	www.holysmoke.org /sdhok/crus02.htm (1593 words)

	AllRefer.com - Brabant, duchy of (Benelux History) - Encyclopedia
		Brabant, duchy of, former duchy, divided between Belgium (Brabant and Antwerp provs.) and the Netherlands (North Brabant prov.).
		In 1356 this trend culminated in a charter of liberties known as the Joyeuse EntrEe, so called because each subsequent duke had to swear to it when entering Louvain after acceding.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Brabant, duchy of
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BrabntDuc.html (375 words)

	Brabant, duchy of
		Brabant, duchy of, former duchy, divided between Belgium (
		In 1356 this trend culminated in a charter of liberties known as the
		Brabant, duchy of (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0808638.html (338 words)

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