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	Duchy of Milan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The possession of the Duchy by Spain was finally recognized by the French in the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559.
		The Duchy of Milan remained in Spanish hands until the War of the Spanish Succession in the early 18th century, when it was conquered by the Austrians.
		The Duchy was ceded by Austria in the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797, and formed the central part of the new Cisalpine Republic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duchy_of_Milan (529 words)

	[ whollyshift.info \| Duchy of Milan Resources ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Duchy of Milan was a drollery in northern Italy from 1395 to 1797.
		The possession of the Duchy by Spain was inescapably recognized by the French in the Treaty of Cateau-CambrÃ©sis in 1559.
		The Duchy remained in Austrian shakers till it was overrun by the French horde of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796.
	www.whollyshift.info /Duchy_of_Milan (518 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Milan
		After Charlemagne, Milan was the seat of counts, whose authority however, was overshadowed by the prestige of the archbishops, foremost among whom was Ansperto da Biassono (869-81), who fortified the town and adorned it with beautiful buildings.
		In 1059 Nicholas II sent to Milan St. Peter Damian and the same Anselmo, at which the people murmured, demanding that the church of Milan be not subject to that of Rome.
		Councils were held at Milan in 343 and 347, against Photinus; in the cause of St. Athanasius, at which the Emperor Constans menaced the bishops; 390, against Jovinian; 451, against the Robber Council of Ephesus; 680, against the Monothelites; 1060, 1098, 1117, 1287, for ecclesiastical reforms.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10298a.htm (3515 words)

	Francesco I Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Francesco was born in San Miniato, Tuscany, one the seven illegitimate sons of the condottiero Muzio Sforza and Lucia da Torsano.
		Sforza received the seigniory of several cities of the duchy, including Pavia and Lodi, and started to carefully plan the conquest of the ephemeral republic, allying with William VIII of Montferrat and (again) Venice.
		In Milan, he founded the Ospedale Maggiore, restored the Palazzo dell'Arengo, and had the Naviglio d'Adda, a channel connecting to the Adda River, built.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Francesco_Sforza (835 words)

	Duchy of Milan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Although it was technically subject to the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy was de facto independent.
		The French ruled the Duchy until 1513, when they were ousted by the Swiss, who put Lodovico's son on the throne.
		This resulted quickly in his own expulsion from Milan by Imperial forces, but he managed to remain in control of various other cities in the Duchy, and was again restored to Milan itself by the peace concluded at in 1529.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Duchy_of_Milan (547 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Milan, 1564-1618
		In 1563 Carlo Borromeo was consecrated archbishop of Milan (-1584); he strongly promoted the Counterreformation, having impact on regions beyond the Duchy of Milan (for instance Graubünden, Switzerland).
		Lutherans in the Duchy of Milan were arrested and dealt with by the Inquisition (1569, 1575, 1587, 1612, 1621).
		In 1586, in Milan, the Swiss Catholic Cantons founded the Golden League, the purpose of which was to defend (promote) the cause of Catholicism in Switzerland.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/milan15641618.html (351 words)

	Search Results for "Milan"
		Milan Decree, issued Dec., 1807, by Napoleon I of France in an attempt to enforce the Continental System.
		Milan is the capital of the region, which is divided into the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Cremona, Mantua, Milan, Pavia, Sondrio, and Varese (named for their...
		Milan (1494-99); younger son of Francesco I Sforza.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/65search?query=Milan (291 words)

	History of Milan
		From 1300 the Visconti brought a period of glory and wealth to the city and, within the space of a generation, the surrounding cities all acknowledged their rule, Bergamo and Novara in 1332, Cremona in 1334, Como and Lodi in 1335, Piacenza in 1336 and Brescia in 1337.
		This is the humiliated Milan described in the Manzoni's novel "I promessi sposi".
		During the war Milan was destroyed.At the end of World War II Lombardy was instrumental in the boom that transformed Italy from a relatively backward, agricultural country to an industrial world leader.
	www.aboutmilan.com /history-of-milan.html (1489 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		SFORZA [Sforza], Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
		In the Italian Wars Milan was claimed by Louis XII of France, great-grandson of Gian Galeazzo Visconti.
		Francesco took possession of his duchy after the French defeat (1522) by the army of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at Bicocca.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Sforza (603 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Milan, 1535-1563
		In Worms (Germany) he passed ordonnances for Milan (1541), followed in 1545 by the "Nuove Costituzioni" (new constitutions), a law code which intended to establish a set of laws generally applicable to Lombardy outside of the capital city of Milan.
		Milan and Lombardy registered considerable emigration; many nobles emigrated, others resorted to banditry; the early decades of Habsburg rule over the Duchy of Milan are described as characterized by anarchy and chaos, the government being unable to restore law and order.
		The Index Librorum Prohibitorum was instituted in Milan in 1554.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/milan15351563.html (364 words)

	[No title]
		Of the Duchy of Milan it is not necessary to speak at any great length, although the wars between France and Spain were chiefly carried on for its possession.
		Lodovico was to be established in the Duchy of Milan.
		This ruthless tyrant was a martyr to gout and rheumatism.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/16504/16504.txt (19226 words)

	Kingdoms of Italy - Lugano
		Throughout much of its existence it alternated between being the property of Como or the Duchy of Milan, and during the fifteenth century enjoyed some measure of autonomy under its own counts, before being swallowed by Milan once again.
		The property of the Duchy of Milan, but with its own Counts of Lugano.
		While operating within the Duchy of Milan, the county had its own local rulers during the fifteenth century.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/ItalyLugano.htm (127 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Ducal Court of Milan
		Probably of Celtic origin, Milan was conquered by Rome in 222 BC In later Roman times it was the capital (AD 305-402) of the Western Empire and the religious center of N Italy.
		Milan was severely damaged by the Huns (c.450) and again by the Goths (539) and was conquered by the Lombards in 569.
		Milan suffered from internal warfare between rich and poor, from the Guelph and Ghibelline strife, and from the enmity of rival cities, which assisted Emperor Frederick I in destroying it (1163).
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=97255 (1929 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Milan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Milan Decree MILAN DECREE [Milan Decree] issued Dec., 1807, by Napoleon I of France in an attempt to enforce the Continental System.
		Sforza SFORZA [Sforza], Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
		Milan's fashion for finance: Milan has always been a capital of style but it is now being recognised as Italy's financial centre.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/08470.html (718 words)

	Italy
		Milan, the most important city of the region, and even of the Western Empire, in Late Roman times (Mediolanum -- the "Middle of the Plain"), was briefly rivaled by the Lombard capital, Pavia, but then grew strongest again, as it has remained into modern Italy.
		The Duchy of Florence was upgraded to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in 1569, and Cosimo's line continued until 1737.
		The Duchy of Parma was detached by the Emperor Charles V from Milan to be added to the Papal States, but Pope Paul III (1534-1549), Paolo Farnese, used it for his illegitimate son, Pier Luigi, instead.
	www.friesian.com /italia.htm (10172 words)

	Milan (Lombardy, Italy)
		This flag with red cross is in fact the flag of St. Ambrose (Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397).
		The Biscione (grass snake), symbol of Visconti family (and then of other Milan prides such Alfa Romeo or Inter Football Club) comes from Longobard totem: the blue drake meaning power, loyalty, surveillance and the man in its jaws represents Visconti’s enemies that the snake is always ready to destroy.
		Of course, the first flag represented FC Liverpool whereas the St. George's cross is also the flag of the city of Milan (said to be older than the Crusades and therefore predating the English flag, shocking!).
	flagspot.net /flags/it-lom-m.html (903 words)

	Francesco I Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After some successes, he fell in disgrace and was sent to the castle of Mortara as a prisoner de facto.
		Sforza later found himself warring against his son Francesco (whom he defeated at the Battle of Montolmo in 1444) and, later, the alliance of Visconti, Eugene IV, and Sigismondo Malatesta, who had allegedly murdered Polissena.
		Under his rule (which was moderate and skillful), Sforza modernised the city and duchy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Francesco_I_Sforza (835 words)

	The Official Castello Sforzesco Website
		At Filippo Maria Visconti's death, the Duchy of Milan went to Filippo V d'Aragona.
		Partly in order to divert French ambitions from Milan, partly in order to protect himself from the hostility of the king of Naples, Ludovico concluded an offensive alliance with Charles VIII of France, who invaded Italy in 1494.
		In 1499, Louis XII of France, who had a hereditary claim to the duchy of Milan (he was a great-grandson of Gian Galeazzo Visconti), invaded Italy and expelled Ludovico from his duchy.
	www.milanocastello.it /ing/approfondimentiSforza.html (776 words)

	info: Duchy_of_Milan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		DuchyDuchy of burgundy: Duchy of milan: 340: Pass the duchy: Duchy of milan: Duchy original: Alumnus duchy grand: 7100: 4639...
		Grand duchy of luxembourg: Grand duchy of lithuania: Grand duchy of luxembourg: Grand duchy: Duchy of...
		At Filippo Maria Visconti's death, the Duchy of Milan went to Filippo V d...
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Duchy_of_Milan.html (347 words)

	Search Results for Milan
		Chiara became pregnant but, before she was due to give birth, the plague hit Milan and she was persuaded to leave the city for the relative safety of nearby Pavia to stay with wealthy friends of Fazio.
		As public lecturer of mathematics at the Piatti Foundation in Milan, he was aware of the problem of solving cubic equations, but, until the contest, he had taken Pacioli at his word and assumed that, as Pacioli stated in the Suma published in 1494, solutions were impossible.
		Rosellini left Milan and went to Turin where he became a member of the Parliament of the Italian Kingdom from 1849 to 1850, then, still in Turin, he was director of the magazine "La Croce dei Savoia" from 1853.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Search/historysearch.cgi?SUGGESTION=Milan&CONTEXT=1 (4070 words)

	War and 18th Century Europe
		He ruled what had been the Spanish Netherlands, Bohemia (including Prague), Silesia, the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia and, thanks to an expansion against the Ottoman Turks late in the previous century, he was also king of Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, and Transylvania.
		And France agreed to the Duchy of Milan being returned to Austria, Victor Emmanuel III of the House of Savoy having to be content to give up Milan and settle for nearby Novara and Tortona.
		In July 1747, the Sardinians and French fought in mountainous territory around 200 kilometers southwest of Milan - the Battle of Assietta - where the French were slaughtered trying to ascend a ridge, losing a quarter of their troops in one day - a total of 5,300 casualties and perhaps 3,700 dead.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h31-gr.htm (9522 words)

	Duchy of Milan - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Duchy of Milan - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Duchy of Milan contains research on
		Duchy of Milan, History, See also, Habsburg-Lorraine and States of the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Duchy_of_Milan (551 words)

	ANCIENT TACTICS TESTED Swiss pike and ancient phalanx
		Such defeats notwithstanding, Italy – especially the Duchy of Milan, with its fertile Lombard plains and magnificent Po River – was still an irresistible lure to the French.
		Switzerland had recently annexed part of the duchy (today’s Canton Tincino), and heavy Swiss taxes were imposed on the helpless Lombard peasantry.
		Milan – together with Lombardy – was annexed to the French crown.
	www.niderost.com /pages/Battle_of_Marignano.htm (4119 words)

	The Romagna campaign of 1494
		This was probably the decisive factor in the army's failure to reach the duchy of Milan, since in August with depleted strength it was in no position to persuade by a show of might such cities as Forli, Imola and Bologna that it was in their best interest to grant it passage through their territories.
		Ercole held the duchy of Ferrara as a papal vicariate, Modena as an imperial fief; Maximilian, king of the Romans, had renewed investiture on 24 April 1494.
		From late September Neapolitan advance against the duchy of Milan was impossible unless the Franco-Milanese army in the Romagna could be entirely routed, and by then that force lacked the will to fight.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/articles/clough.htm (9239 words)

	Search Results for "Milan"
		...Sforza, (sfor´tsa) (KEY), Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
		Milan, prince and king of Serbia, (Milan Obrenovic) (mil´an obre´nvich) (KEY), 1854-1901, prince (1868-82) and king (1882-89) of Serbia; grandnephew of Milos Obrenovic....
		...Sforza, Francesco I, (franchas´ko, sfor´tsa) (KEY), 1401-66, duke of Milan (1450-66); illegitimate son of Muzio Attendolo Sforza.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col65&query=Milan (233 words)

	Developing the Testone in Renaissance Milan - PCGS Library
		It is fitting that Francesco was the first modern ruler to issue portrait coinage, for he was a Renaissance prince who ruled by the strength of his personal attributes rather than a title which was inherited or constitutional.
		He occupied the Duchy of Milan in 1450 and ruled until 1466.
		The engraver, Caradosso Foppa of Milan, injects in Galeazzo an aloof and cold presence, which foreshadows his assassination in 1476.
	pcgs.com /articles/article_view.chtml?artid=2211&universeid=105&type=1 (423 words)

	Contents
		Nearly a century was to pass before Piedmont abandoned this policy and in the nineteenth century played a primary part in the political renewal of the Italian Risorgimento.
		The Duchy of Milan in the eighteenth century was under Austrian domination and during this period some important economic and financial reforms were carried out.
		The tension between the Duchy of Milan and Venice for possession of the hinterland was stifled by the gradual retreat of Venice to her territories and interests.
	www.west.net /~brad/venice/history1.htm (553 words)

	Sforza
		Milan was claimed by Louis XII of France, great-grandson of Gian Galeazzo Visconti.
		Ludovico lost Milan to Louis in 1499, but in 1512 the Swiss, as members of the Holy League against France, stormed Milan and installed Ludovico's son,
		Francesco I Sforza - Sforza, Francesco I, 1401–66, duke of Milan (1450–66); illegitimate son of Muzio...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0844623.html (575 words)

	The Duchy of Milan
		It is often forgotten that the wealthiest and most powerful territory in mediaeval and Renaissance Italy was the Duchy of Milan, and its eponymous metropolis was probably the largest city in Europe.
		Throughout their Duchy —approximately co-terminous with modern-day Lombardy—there is an abundance of beautiful old cities, buildings and works of art.
		Day 7: Vigevano—Vigevano, 25 miles from Milan, is another surprisingly attractive little town, which has at its heart one of the largest castles in Italy, a major Sforza palace and stables—adjacent is a beautiful arcaded square—several churches are of interest—free afternoon—overnight Vigevano.
	www.martinrandall.com /tours/ms295.php (832 words)

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