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Topic: Duchy of Modena

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Duchy of Modena and Reggio

List of Dukes of Modena

Francis IV of Modena

Historical states of Italy

Modena

Archduke Ferdinand

Italian Republic (Napoleonic)

Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles of Lorraine

Ferdinand III of Tuscany

Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz

Louis the Pious

Ferdinand I of Austria

Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Modena
		Modena was Ghibelline, and in conflict with the Guelph cities; nevertheless, it harboured a strong Guelph party, under the leadership of the Aigoni family, while the Ghibellines were led by the Grasolfi.
		Modena in 1780, and at the approach of Napoleon, sought refuge at Venice.
		Modena, and was eradicated with difficulty; Ægidio Foscarari (1550), to whom the Council of Trent entrusted the correction of the Roman Missal and the preparation of its Catechism for
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10413a.htm (2033 words)

	Modena - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Modena is a town and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
		Modena is the birthplace of the legendary operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti.
		Modena also hosts the Italian Military Academy, where Italian officers are trained, partly housed in the Baroque ducal palace, begun by Francis I in 1635 from the designs of Avanzini, and finished by Francis Ferdinand V with a fine courtyard.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Mutina (968 words)

	Modena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Modena is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
		Modena also hosts the Italian Military Academy, where Italian officers are trained, partly housed in the Baroque ducal palace, begun by in 1635 from the designs of Avanzini, and finished by with a fine courtyard.
		The territory around Modena (Roman Mutina, Etruscan Muoina) was inhabited by the Villanovans in the Iron Age, and later by Ligurian tribes, Etruscans and the Gaulish Boii, the settlment itself being Etruscan.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Modena (1238 words)

	Ludovico Antonio Muratori - LoveToKnow 1911
		LUDOVICO ANTONIO MURATORI (1672-1750), Italian scholar, historian and antiquary, was born of poor parents at Vignola in the duchy of Modena on the 21st of October 1672.
		The reputation he acquired was such that the duke of Modena offered him the situation of keeper of the public archives of the duchy.
		In biblical scholarship Muratori is chiefly known as the discoverer of the so-called Muratorian Canon, the name given to a fragment (85 lines) of early Christian literature, which he found in 1740, embedded in an 8th-century codex which forms a compendium of theological tracts followed by the five early Christian creeds.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Ludovico_Antonio_Muratori (1065 words)

	Duchy of Modena and Reggio - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Duchy of Modena (in full, the Duchies of Modena and Reggio) was a small Italian state that existed from 1452 to 1859, with a break between 1796 and 1814.
		In December of 1859, Modena joined with Tuscany and Parma to form the United Provinces of Central Italy, which were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March of 1860.
		Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Provinces of the Duchy before the dissolution, See also, Contemporary Italian history, Former countries on the Italian Peninsula, House of Habsburg-Lorraine, 1452 establishments and 1859 disestablishments.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio (300 words)

	Modena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Italian officers are trained at the Italian Military Academy, located in Modena, and partly housed in the Baroque ducal palace, begun by Francis I in 1635 from the designs of Avanzini, and finished by Francis Ferdinand V.
		Modena is the birthplace of the operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti, and is also well known in culinary circles for its production of balsamic vinegar.
		Although the exact date of its foundation is unknown, it is known that it was already in existence in the 3rd century BC, for in 218 BC, during Hannibal's invasion of Italy, the Boii revolted and laid siege to the city.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modena (1254 words)

	Francis IV - LoveToKnow 1911
		(1779-1846) duke of Modena, was the son of the archduke Ferdinand, Austrian governor of Lombardy, who acquired the duchy of Modena through his wife Marie Beatrice, heiress of the house of Este as well as of many fiefs of the Malaspina, Pio da Carpi, Pico della Mirandola, Cibe, and other families.
		The duke was well received at Modena; inordinately ambitious, strong-willed, immensely rich, avaricious but not unintelligent, he soon proved one of the most reactionary despots in Italy.
		The duke became ever more despotic; Modena swarmed with spies and informers, education was hampered, feudalism strengthened; for the duke hoped to consolidate his power by means of the nobility, and the least expression of liberalism, or even failure to denounce a Carbonaro, involved arrest and imprisonment.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Francis_IV (698 words)

	Duchy of Reggio - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Duchy of Reggio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Duchy of Reggio was one of the states that belonged to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, ruled by the house of Este, in the north of Italy, in a territory now belonging to part of the Province of Reggio Emilia.
		The perimeter of the duchy was from the Apennines to the river Po.
		The ancient borders were with Guastalla, the County of Novellara, the principaut of Correggio, the Duchy of Modena and Garfagnana all ruled by the duke of Este.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Duchy-of-Reggio.html (195 words)

	Modena, Italy
		Modena is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
		Modena is the birthplace of the legendary operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti.
		Modena also hosts the Italian Military Academy, where Italian officers are trained, partly housed in the Baroque ducal palace, begun by Francis I in 1635 from the designs of Avanzini, and finished by Francis Ferdinand V with a fine courtyard.
	www.creekin.net /c4612-n91-modena-italy.html (1225 words)

	Duchy of Modena and Reggio - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Duchy of Modena (in full, the Duchies of Modena and Reggio) was a small Italian state that existed (with a break between 1796 and 1814) from 1452 to 1859.
		In 1796, the Duchy was occupied by the French army of Napoleon Bonaparte, who created the Cispadane Republic out of its territory.
		In December of 1859, Modena joined with Tuscany and Parma to form the United Provinces of Central Italy, which were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March of 1860.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Duchy-of-Modena-and-Reggio.html (316 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Modena
		MODENA; IT'S the birthplace of Pavarotti, of Ferrari and Maserati and of...
		Modena aims to expand role of Tasers in Bibb.
		MODENA ; IT'S the birthplace of Pavarotti, of Ferrari and Maserati and of...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Modena&StartAt=11 (897 words)

	Modena -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Modena is the birthplace of the legendary operatic tenor (Italian tenor (born in 1935)) Luciano Pavarotti.
		Modena is also well known in culinary circles for its production of (Click link for more info and facts about balsamic vinegar) balsamic vinegar.
		Ten years later, on August 20, 1859, the representatives of Modena declared their territory part of the (Click link for more info and facts about Kingdom of Italy) Kingdom of Italy, a decision that was confirmed by the plebiscite of 1860.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/M/Mo/Modena.htm (1132 words)

	Phipps' Defence of Francis V, Duke of Modena
		Nor was this profusion of educational resources confined to the city of Modena, for, on the contrary, it was spread proportionally throughout the Duchy.
		Modena, like the majority of continental countries, did not and could not offer the outlets which England so exceptionally affords to men who have mistaken their walk in life, and accordingly these superfluous Doctors of Laws were forced to remain face to face starving or struggling for each other's bread.
		Modena was a land vexed to the very last with Doctors of Laws, and as a matter of course, these lawyers without clients were extremely hungry; they were the eager abettors of any revolution, and provided its perjuries, calumnies, and conspiracies cheap.
	www.jacobite.ca /documents/18610307a.htm (7587 words)

	The Succession Laws of Modena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Modena, a town in northern Italy, was part of the Holy Roman Empire in the early Middle Ages, and among the estates of the counts of Tuscany of the Canossa family.
		Modena was invaded by French troops in 1796; duke Ercole III fled on 7 May 1796, and a ceasefire was signed between the Modenese and French armies on 12 May 1796.
		Modena was occupied again by the Austrians in June 1799, but evacuated a year later and the Republic was restored on 25 June 1800 after the battle of Marengo.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/modena.htm (4460 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - MODENA: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		City in central Italy; formerly the capital of the duchy of Modena.
		On the extinction of the house of Ferrara in 1598, the duchy did not come under the control of the States of the Church, but of a collateral branch of the house of Este.
		The Jews of Modena did not suffer to the same extent, therefore, as their coreligionists elsewhere, although they were subject to all the hardships of the ecclesiastical laws.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=686&letter=M (432 words)

	Encyclopedia: Francis V of Modena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Duke Francis V of Modena (Italian: Francesco V d'Este) (1819–1875) was born June 1, 1819, the eldest son of Francis IV of Modena and of Princess Mary Beatrice of Savoy.
		At the death of his father Duke Francis IV of Modena, January 21, 1846, Francis succeeded as reigning Duke of Modena; he also bore the titles of Duke of Reggio and Mirandola, Duke of Massa, Prince of Carrara and Lunigiana.
		In 1859 the Duchy of Modena was invaded by King Victor Emanuel II of Sardinia who the following year incorporated Modena into the new kingdom of Italy.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Francis-V-of-Modena (307 words)

	Modena
		When it began to build its cathedral in 1099, the city was part of the possessions of the Countess Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX Modena sided with the emperor.
		In the 18th century Francis III (1698-1780) built many many of Modena's public buildings, but the Este pictures were sold and wound up, many of them, in Dresden.
		Ercole III (1727-1803) died in exile at Treviso, having refused Napoleonic offers of compensation when Modena was made part of the Napoleonic Maria Theresa, and in 1814 their eldest son, Francis, received back the estates of the Este.
	www.med-help.info /?p=Modena (873 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Modena - The Ducal Seat of the House of Estense
		Alphonso III (1527-), is the Duke of Modena, Reggio, and Ferrara.
		Ercole I (1431-1505), Duke of Modena and Ferrara.m1.
		Alphonso I d'Este (1476-1534), Duke of Modena, Ferrara, and Reggio.m1.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=208941 (5680 words)

	Italy - Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena
		Modena (ancient Mutina) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Modena Province, in Emilia-Romagna Region.
		Modena has a university (1175), an academy of sciences and arts, an observatory, a botanic garden, and military schools.
		A world famous native of Modena is the Italian opera singer Luciano Pavarotti, who is notably famous in the public for his participation in the trio "The Three Tenors" (of which the other two were Placido Domingo and José Carreras).
	worldheritage.heindorffhus.dk /frame-ItalyModena.htm (296 words)

	Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Pictures
		Modena (ancient Mutina), city, northern Italy, capital of Modena Province, in Emilia-Romagna Region.
		Modena has a university (1175), an academy of sciences and arts, an observatory, a botanic garden, and military schools.
		From 1288 until 1452, when it became the capital of a duchy, Modena was ruled by the Este family.
	www.greatestcities.com /Europe/Italy/Emilia-Romagna/Modena_ancient_Mutina_city_and_Province_regional_capital.html (178 words)

	Italy
		The tenure of the d'Este family in Modena continued until the hieress, Mary Beatrice, married Ferdinand of Austria, son of the Emperor Francis I. The geneology of the following Hapsburgs can be examined in the diagram for Tuscany.
		The Duchy of Florence was upgraded to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in 1569, and Cosimo's line continued until 1737.
		The Duchy of Parma was detached by the Emperor Charles V from Milan to be added to the Papal States, but Pope Paul III (1534-1549), Paolo Farnese, used it for his illegitimate son, Pier Luigi, instead.
	www.friesian.com /italia.htm (10172 words)

	Historical states of Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Duchy of Modena and Reggio (House of Este)
		Bishoprics of Trento and Brixen (House of Austria)
		Duchy of Modena and Reggio - union with Duchy of Massa and Carrara (Austria-Este)
	en.efactory.pl /Historical_states_of_Italy (91 words)

	Modena - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The territory around Modena (Roman Mutina, Etruscan Muoina) was inhabited by the Villanovans in the Iron Age, and later by Ligurian tribes, Etruscans and Boi Gauls, the settlment itself being Etruscan.
		Although its foundation date is unknown, it is known that it was already in existence in the III century BC, for in 218 BC, during Hannibal's invasion of Italy, the Boi revolted and sieged the city.
		Until the III century AD it kept its position as the most important city in the newly formed Aemilia, but the fall of the Empire brought Mutina down with it, because it was used as a military base both against the barbarians and in the civil wars.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Mutina (1154 words)

	AllRefer.com - Modena, Italy (Italian Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Modena became a free commune in the 12th cent.
		The duchy of Modena, established in 1452, became the seat of the Este family after it lost (1598) Ferrara.
		From the fall of Napoleon I in 1814 until 1859 the house of Austria-Este ruled harshly.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Modena.html (278 words)

	Heraldry in Pre-Unification Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Milan was made a duchy by the Emperor Wenceslas in 1394, and in 1397 he granted the Visconti permission quarter the Empire with their own arms.
		Modena was ruled by the Este family since 1288, and they bore Azure an eagle argent armed, beaked and crowned or since the earliest times.
		The duchy of Modena used the arms of Este (Azure an eagle argent crowned or) as banner and flag since 1239, until 1796 and again from 1814 to 1829.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/italy2.htm (5752 words)

	cars - Este
		Obizzo d'Este II (d 1293) was proclaimed Lord of Ferrara in 1264, Lord of Modena 1288 and Lord of Reggio 1289.
		The family ruled the Duchy of Modena and Reggio again from 1814 to 1859, using the names Asburgo-Este (Hapsburg-Este) and Austria-Este.
		However, Francis V, Duke of Modena had decided to retain the Este name in the Habsburg family, and thus willed his inheritance to the line of Archduke Charles Louis, younger brother to then Emperor Francis Joseph, on condition that the heir uses the name Austria-Este.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Este (874 words)

	Modena Italy Tourism: Introduction - SideStep
		After Ferrara fell to Pope Clement VIII, the Este family established a duchy at Modena in the closing years of the 16th century.
		Modena is an industrial zone blessed with Italy's highest per-capita income, and it can seem as sleek as the sports cars it produces.
		Modena is home to automobile and racing giants Ferrari, Maserati, and De Tomaso, and is known for producing Lambrusco wine and balsamic vinegar.
	www.sidestep.com /travel-info-g1835721-t31160-introduction_modena_italy (335 words)

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