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	Pomerania - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		POMERANIA (German, Pommern), a territory of Germany and a maritime province of Prussia, bounded on the N. by the Baltic, on the W. by Mecklenburg, on the S. by Brandenburg, and on the E. by West Prussia.
		Pomerania is one of the flattest parts of Germany, although east of the Oder it '.s traversed by a range of low hills, and there are also a few isolated eminences to the west.
		In 1720, by the peace of Stockholm, Swedish Pomerania was curtailed by extensive concessions to Prussia, but the district to the west of the Peene remained in the possession of Sweden until the general European settlement of 1815.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Pomerania (989 words)

	Pomerania. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Pomerelia, as E Pomerania came to be known, became independent in 1227, was annexed to Poland in 1294, and was taken in 1308–9 by the Teutonic Knights, who incorporated it into their domain in East Prussia.
		Pomerania continued as a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until the death (1637) of Bogislav XIV, when the region was granted to the elector of Brandenburg.
		In the rest of Swedish Pomerania, the kings of Sweden remained princes of the Holy Roman Empire until the dissolution of the empire in 1806.
	www.bartleby.com /65/po/Pomerani.html (715 words)

	[No title]
		By dint of great financial efforts on the part of the inhabitants of the town and rural areas of the city and territory of Stolp, the nobility, and the town citizens, Stolp was, in 1341, redeemed from its pawnship status on schedule.
		It was not until after Pomerania defeated Brandenburg in 1332, at the Battle of Kremmer Damm, that Duke Barnim III of Pomerania-Stettin (circa 1300-1368), who was one of the most effective and successful of the Pomeranian dukes, managed to obtain a cancellation of Brandenburg's feudal suzerainty over Pomerania.
		During the rule of Bogislaw X, Pomerania said farewell to the Middle Ages and became a modern territorial state with firm boundaries and an administrative structure that was typical for the period.
	members.tripod.com /~radde/BogislawX-e.html (4167 words)

	Pommern History
		The earliest inhabitants of Pomerania were Germanic tribes that migrated southwards from Scandinavia prior to 100 B.C. By the fifth century A.D., these tribes, known as the Goths, Vandals, Germanii, and Teutoni, had migrated westward and the area was settled by Slavic tribes that entered from the east.
		Pomerania became a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire in 1181 when Bogislaw I swore his allegiance to Frederick I (Barbarosa), the German King and Roman Emperor.
		On September 14, 1811, serfdom in Pomerania was abolished and the serfs who had been under hereditary bondage to the estates were now free to move from village to village, choose their own trade, and marry a spouse of their choice.
	www.genemaas.net /Pommern.htm (3648 words)

	Frederick William - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The area of his dominions was largely increased at the peace of Westphalia in 1648, and this treaty and the treaty of Oliva in 1660 alike added to his power and prestige.
		His efforts, however, to annex the western part of the duchy of Pomerania, which he had conquered from the Swedes, failed owing to the insistence of Louis XIV.
		at the treaty of St Germainen-Laye in 1679, and he was unable to obtain the Silesian duchies of Liegnitz, Brieg and Wohlau from the emperor Leopold I.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Frederick_William (1006 words)

	Pomerania - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		POMERANIA [Pomerania], region of N central Europe, extending along the Baltic Sea from a line W of Stralsund, Germany, to the Vistula River in Poland.
		After the Potsdam Conference in 1945, all (c.2,800 sq mi/7,250 sq km) of former Prussian Pomerania W of the Oder (but excluding Stettin) was incorporated into the Soviet-occupied German state of Mecklenburg (see Mecklenburg-West Pomerania); the remaining and much larger part was transferred to Polish administration.
		Pomerelia, as E Pomerania came to be known, became independent in 1227, was annexed to Poland in 1294, and was taken in 1308-9 by the Teutonic Knights, who incorporated it into their domain in East Prussia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Pomerani.html (828 words)

	Kashubian
		They are direct descendants of Pomeranians, who gave their name to the area known as Pomerania.
		The oldest mention of the name is known from the 13th century (a seal of prince Barnim I of Pomerania[?]).
		Kashubians living in territories of the former Duchy of Pomerania were almost entirely Germanised between the 14th and 20th centuries and lost their ethnic identity.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ka/Kashubian.html (199 words)

	Pomerania History
		Sweden received Western Pomerania by the Peace of Westphalia (1648); part of it was returned to Brandenburg-Prussia in 1720, and the remainder (Stralsund and Rügen) was recovered by Prussia in 1815.
		The German population of eastern and central Pomerania was expelled westward and replaced by Poles.
		The part of Pomerania west of the Odra was included in the new state of Mecklenburg, in the Soviet Zone of Occupation (later East Germany—1949-90).
	www.richware.net /rohde/pomerania_history.htm (1286 words)

	The History of the Thirty Years War - Book V
		To prevent the Elector of Brandenburg from making good the title to that duchy, which the treaty of Prague had given him, Sweden exerted her utmost energies, and supported its generals to the extent of her ability, both with troops and money.
		For, after their hasty retreat into Pomerania, they had lost one place after another in Upper Saxony; the princes of Mecklenburg, closely pressed by the troops of the Emperor, began to lean to the side of Austria, and even George, Duke of Lunenburg, declared against them.
		The Imperialists who were in possession of Upper Pomerania and Mecklenburg, either abandoned their positions, or deserted in crowds to the Swedes, to avoid the horrors of famine, the most formidable enemy in this exhausted country.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/30-5.htm (13218 words)

	Białogard, Poland
		Pomerania was inhabited by 5-6 local tribes, and Białogard was probably the centre of one of them.
		In 10th century Pomerania was conquered by Polish dukes Mieszko I and Boleslaus the Brave, who has established a bishopric in the nearby Kołobrzeg in 1000, but the area was soon lost to Poland and Christianity.
		Pomerania was united under the duke Boguslaw X in 1478, after 1569 Bialogard was part of Duchy of Szczecin, and later was again in the united Duchy of Pomerania under Boguslaw XIV, last Pomeranian monarch.
	creekin.net /c5687-n149-bia-ogard-poland.html (486 words)

	History of Pomerania
		Pomerania covers the Baltic Sea coast with its area between Darß and Rixhöft. Pomerania is divided by the river "Oder" into West Pomerania and Eastern Pomerania.
		Pomerania was originally inhabited by the Germanic trunk of the Rugier The Slaves (Wenden) followed them, which the country Pomorje ("coastal country") called and already 600 A. important commercial centres at the Baltic Sea possessed (Julin-Wollin).
		Pomerania was conquered by Heinrich "the lion", the duke of Saxonia and Bavaria.
	www.ruegenwalde.com /rwalde/pgesch_e.htm (800 words)

	[No title]
		The political development of Pomerania, accompanied by devastating military campaigns, was as turbulent as the process of its conversion to Christianity had been smooth and even.
		His duchy of Pomerania (-Stettin) was not a random collection of inherited, but not contiguous, fiefs.
		The gryphon was a chimeric animal combining the eagle and lion, who were considered to be respectively the strongest and noblest animals in the air and on the ground.
	members.tripod.com /~radde/PolandDenmark.html (1147 words)

	POMERANIA (German, Pom... - Online Information article about POMERANIA (German, Pom...
		Pomerania, the former being applied to the territory to the west, and the latter to that to the See also:
		Pomerania is one of the flattest parts of Germany, although east of the Oder it is traversed by a range of See also:
		Wollin; the coast of Farther Pomerania is smooth in outline and is bordered with See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /POL_PRE/POMERANIA_German_Pommern_.html (518 words)

	Pomerania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duchy of Pomerania ruled by the slavic dynasty of Griffits (Polish: Gryfici, German: Greiffen) was a semi-independent state in the 17th century.
		There is a probable first mention of Pomerania as the Latin "longum mare" (="along the sea") in a monastery document or note from around 1080, the Dagome iudex, shortened copy of an earlier document supposedly referring to the year 992.
		In 1569 during the unification of all lands of Polish kingdom and creation of Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth large part of authonomy was to be abandoned but not agreed to by Prussian government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pomerania (1953 words)

	AllRefer.com - Mecklenburg–West Pomerania, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The region embraced by the state of Mecklenburg–West Pomerania is a low-lying, fertile agricultural area, with many lakes and forests.
		Later awarded as a march to the dukes of Saxony, it was subdued (12th cent.) by Henry the Lion, and the Wendish prince Pribislaw became a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire.
		In 1621 the duchy divided into Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-GUstrow, but during the Thirty Years War both dukes were deposed (1628) and the entire duchy was given to Wallenstein, the imperial general, who had conquered it.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/MecklenWP.html (466 words)

	Regents of Pomerania
		About 995 was Pomerania conquered by Poland for the first time and it was thereafter struggling to retain as much of its autonomy as possible against Poland, Denmark and German states.
		The branch of the Pomeranian princely house that ruled the most western part of Pomerania (Slawia) was called the house of Greif and they assumed the title duke 1170, which was confirmed by the German emperor 1181.
		When the last member of the house of Greif died 1637 was Pomerania already occupied by Swedish troops and it was divided between Sweden and Brandenburg in the peace of Westphalia.
	www.tacitus.nu /historical-atlas/regents/poland/pomerania.htm (382 words)

	Prussia in the later 17th Century
		He also allied with France, by whose intercession in the peace negotiations of 1648, Brandenburg was given East Pomerania (the less valuable part of the province).
		West Pomerania, which included the mouth of the River Oder and the prosperous town of Stettin, went to Sweden.
		The Duchy of Cleves and the County of Mark were small in area, but populous (c.150,000 by 1700) and prosperous.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-151.htm (1966 words)

	Duchy Holstein
		It had come to Our attention that in the country of Our Duchy of Schleswig there is almost no usage of permanent family names, but rather that the son is given as family name the given name of his father, and that this change occurs at each generation.
		Since this is the cause of uncertainties and extensive disputes in matters of inheritance, and leads to irregularities in the maintenance of debt and other contractual instruments, We consider it to be useful and good to see to the introduction of permanent family names.
		The Duchies of Lauenburg and Holstein become members of the German Federation with the curious effect that the Danish king, in his capacity as the Duke of Holstein and Lauenburg, becomes a German prince.
	www.gottschfamily.net /duchy.html (3861 words)

	The Provinces of Prussia quiz -- free game
		It was included in the duchy of Prussia by Albert of Brandenburg in 1525.
		The province was formerly a duchy, later a kingdom.
		This province belonged to Poland from 1466 as a duchy.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=192904 (473 words)

	How To Germany - Genealogy
		Duchy of Braunschweig, Kingdom/Prussian, Province of Hannover, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.
		Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (less the principality of Ratzeburg), western portion of the Prussian province of Pomerania.
		Former Duchy of Anhalt, Prussian province of Sachsen.
	www.howtogermany.com /pages/genealogy.html (1648 words)

	Lobez-my kind of town
		XVII century was a period of the economic decline of the city.
		During the 30-year War (1618-1648) Łobez was conquered by the Swedes; since 1653 it was in the possession of Brandenburg.
		Until 1648 Łobez belonged to the Duchy of Western Pomerania, whereafter it has been ruled by Brandenburg.
	www.dens.inet.pl /s5.html (697 words)

	Szczecin
		In the 16th century Polish literature used two alternative spellings: ''Szczecin'' (seems to be the exact pronunciation of the city name used by its Slavonic inhabitants, previously spelled in Latin as ''Stetin'' since the 12th century) and ''Sztetyn'' (seems to be a copy of the German pronunciation).
		Till the 1630s Stettin was the capital of the Duchy of Pomerania ruled by the Slavonic Griffin dynasty, of Slavic origins, although the city and western Pomerania became gradually, and entirely, German.
		After their extinction of the Griffin dynasty, Stettin, along with the rest of western Pomerania, was granted to Sweden at the Peace of Westphalia, despite the protests of the Elector of Brandenburg, who had a legal claim to inherit all of Pomerania.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Szczecin (2125 words)

	Zentrum gegen Vertreibungen
		As was the case with the other duchies of the Piasts of Silesia, those of Upper Silesia accepted in the 1320s/1330s the suzerainty of the Bohemian crown which was then held by the Luxemburgers, to which the land remained connected until 1742 and, in some parts, to the end of the monarchy in 1918.
		In 1815, the remainder of Western Pomerania - west of the Oder - was transferred from Sweden to Prussia.
		The chiefly rural population of the province of Pomerania east of the Oder, including Stettin and Swinemünde, was inhabited by about 1,9 million Germans within the borders of 1938 (31,300 square kilometres) at the beginning of the war.
	www.z-g-v.de /english/aktuelles/?id=56 (14347 words)

	POMERANIA
		DUKES of POMERANIA in STETTIN [SZCZECIN] 1278-1464.
		The development of a distinct identity in Pomerania was encouraged by its geographic separation from the kingdom of Poland which resulted from Brandenburg's expansion to the east in the 13
		DUKES of POMERANIA in WOLGAST [WOŁOGOSZCZ], STOLP [SŁUPSK] and in HINTERPOMMERN 1278
	fmg.ac /Projects/MedLands/POMERANIA.htm (1375 words)

	A Chronology of World Political History (1001 - 1200 C.E.)
		In 1039 Kazimierz I restored the Duchy and reunified Poland in 1040.
		Poland installed Siemomysl as Duke of Pomerania and founded the Duchy of Pomerania in northwestern Poland.
		Duke Boleslaw III of Poland abdicated and installed his sons as local rulers ruling Duchy of Mazovia, Duchy of Cracow (commonly called the Duchy of Little Poland), Duchy of Greater Poland and Duchy of Silesia, respectively.
	www.geocities.com /kfzhouy/Chron/Chron6e.html (5665 words)

	History of the Pomeranian
		The smallest member of the Northern Breeds, and is a true Spitz type in miniature.
		Its English name comes from Pomerania, a former duchy in the region now shared between eastern Germany and western Poland, which was once a part of Germany, from which the breed was imported to England.
		At this time, the breed was 20-30 pounds, with foxy heads and long coarse muzzles.
	www.geocities.com /astridforman/PomeranianHistory.html (1099 words)

	Farther Pomerania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Farther Pomerania was part of the territory of Pomeranians organised in various Pomeranian duchies.
		Duchy of Słupsk and Sławno with duke Racibor I as a Poland's vassal state
		After Potsdam Conference in 1945, Farther Pomerania became part of the territory of Poland, and most of the German population was (in many cases forcibly) expelled.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_Pomerania (468 words)

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