
	Where results make sense

Topic: Duchy of Reggio

	Duchy
		Duchy of Natatoria The Duchy of Natatoria is an issuer of Houghton, Michigan.
		Duchy of Szczecin Duchy of Szczecin (Polish: Ksiestwo Szczecinskie) was splinter duchy of Pomerania 1160-1187 Boguslaw I...
		Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw was a Duke of Warsaw (1807-1813).
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/duchy.html (507 words)

	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14257a.htm - DrunkMen ASCII Browser
		The same narrow strip of land in fact broke the connexion between their Duchies of Spoleto and Benevento and the main portion of the king's territories in the north, and it was against this therefore that, from the second decade of the eighth century, they aimed their attacks with ever-increasing energy.
		On the surrender of the Duchy of Milan to Maximilian Sforza, Julius II made a still further gain for the States of the Church, since Parma and Piacenza were taken from the duchy and incorporated in the States of the Church.
		Reggio and Modena, which belonged to the Duke of Ferrara, were also taken possession of by the pope, but his successor Leo X had to restore these cities to the duke in 1515.
	www.drunkmenworkhere.org /150.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14257a.htm (12044 words)

	REGGIO NELL' EMILIA - LoveToKnow Article on REGGIO NELL' EMILIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is the terminus of the railways from Naples along the west coast and from Metaponto along the east coast of Calabria.
		REGGIO NELL" EMILIA, a city and episcopal see of Emilia, taly, the capital of the province of Reggio nell' Emilia (till 859 part of the duchy of Modena), 38 m.
		Lodovico Ariosto, the poet (1474-1533), was)orn in Reggio, and his father's house is still preserved.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RE/REGGIO_NELL_EMILIA.htm (1173 words)

	ESTE - LoveToKnow Article on ESTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On the formation of the league of Cambrai against Venice in 1508, he was appointed to the supreme command of the papal troops by Julius II.; but after the Venetians had sustained a number of reverses they made peace with the pope and joined him against the French.
		He was re-established in his possessions by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), and on being reconciled with the empress Maria Theresa, he received from her the title of governor of Lombardy in 1754.
		(q.v.), to whom the duchy of Modena was given at the treaty of Vienna in 1814.
	7.1911encyclopedia.org /E/ES/ESTE.htm (1854 words)

	Flag of Italy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first Italian tricolour was adopted on 7 January 1797, in Reggio Emilia, as official flag of the Repubblica Cispadana (Cispadane Republic).
		It was a horizontal tricolour, with red (top), white and green stripes; in the middle, an emblem composed by a quiver, accolade to a war trophy, with four arrows that symbolized the four provinces forming the Po federation; all within a crown of bay.
		In the same year, the Granducato di Toscana (Grand Duchy of Tuscany) became constitutional, and dropped the Austrian flag with Austria-Lorraine great coat of arms, in favour of the Italian tricolour with a simplified coat of arms.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flag_of_Italy (1150 words)

	Reggio Emilia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reggio Emilia is a town of North Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region.
		It has about 140,000 inhabitans and is the main comune (municipality) of the Province of Reggio Emilia.
		The ancient roman name of the town is Regium Lepidi, in honor of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, the founder of the town and of the Roman way Via Emilia, still the main road of the region and giver of the name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reggio_nell%27Emilia (205 words)

	List of Dukes of Modena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1452 the Italian family of Este, Lords of Ferrara, were created Dukes of Modena and Reggio, becoming Dukes of Ferrara also in 1471.
		They continued to rule the Duchy of Modena and Reggio in the Emilia until 1796, when it became part of Napoleon Bonaparte's Cispadane Republic.
		In 1814 it was restored under the Habsburg grandson of the last Este Duke, continuing until it was annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia in 1859.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_dukes_of_modena.html (165 words)

	Duke - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The term duke is a title of nobility which refers tothe sovereign male ruler of a Continental European duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest rank of nobility in various other European countries, includingSpain and France (in Italy, principe is held to be the highest grade).
		The dissolution tendency was counteracted by the appointment of younger sons of the monarchs (royal dukes) as military governors of the important border provinces, which however also soondeveloped into hereditary duchies and a source of intrigues against the monarch (see for instance: History of Schleswig-Holstein).
		Like the margraves, they were responsible for the military defence ofan important region, and had strong arguments for retaining the Crown's tax incomes of their duchy to found their military force.
	www.world-knowledge-encyclopedia.com /?t=Duke (1021 words)

	JonesandBones.com - Gift Gourmet Garden -
		Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Reggio Emilia is noted for its substantial content of glycerol and gluconic acid and the quantity of acetic acid is always higher in respect to titratable acidity.
		The Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Reggio Emilia has the following characteristics: a dark, limpid and luminous brown color; a fragrant and pleasantly acidic aroma that varies according to the types of wood used and a well-balanced sweet and sour flavor with substantial acidity that is in equilibrium with the odor.
		The Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Reggio Emilia is dark in colour, limpid and luminous; a fragrant and pleasantly acidic aroma that varies according to the types of wood used and a well-balanced sweet and sour flavor with substantial acidity that is in equilibrium with the odor.
	www.jonesandbones.com /index.php?action=articles&id=207 (2090 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Religion and Spirituality: Christianity: Denominations: Catholicism: Reference: Catholic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Saxe-Altenburg - One of the Saxon duchies in the east of Thuringia; situated on the west frontier of the Kingdom of Saxony.
		The duchy came into existence in 1681, as the result of the various succession agreements among the seven sons of Duke Ernest the Pious of Saxe-Gotha.
		Squillace - Suffragan diocese of Reggio, in Calabria, Southern Italy.
	www.dmoz.org /Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Denominations/Catholicism/Reference/Catholic_Encyclopedia/S (14289 words)

	Francesco III d'Este
		Francesco III was born in 1698, the son of Rinaldo, Duke of Modena and Reggio.
		His possession of the Duchy was confirmed by the Peace of Aquisgrana which acknowledged Maria Theresa of Habsburg (1717-1780) as Empress.
		Due to the strategic position of the Duchy of Modena, 'hinging' the Po Valley, Liguria and Tuscany, Francesco III was at the centre of attention on the part of the Austrian Government in Italy.
	www.provincia.va.it /preziosita/ukvarese/pers/franciii.htm (565 words)

	EMILIA - LoveToKnow Article on EMILIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The boundary of Emilia follows the highest summits of the chain in the provinces of Parma, Reggio and Modena, passing over the Monte Bue (5915 ft.) and the Monte Cirnone (7103 ft.), while in the provinces of Bologna and Forli it keeps somewhat lower along the N.E. slopes of the chain.
		With the exception of the P0, the main rivers of Emilia descend from this portion of the Apennines, the majority of them being tributaries of the P0; the Trebbia (which rises in the province of Genoa), Taro, Secchia and Panaro are the most important.
		From Reggio branch lines run to Guastalla, Carpi and Sassuolo, there being also a line from Sassuolo to Modena.
	70.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EM/EMILIA.htm (2303 words)

	Duke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The dissolution tendency was counteracted by the appointment of younger sons of the monarchs (royal dukes) as military governors of the important border provinces, which however also soon developed into hereditary duchies and a source of intrigues against the monarch (see for instance: History of Schleswig-Holstein).
		Like the margraves, they were responsible for the military defence of an important region, and had strong arguments for retaining the Crown's tax incomes of their duchy to fund their military force.
		Since the unification of Italy in the 1870, there have no longer been any sovereign duchies in Europe, for Luxembourg is a grand duchy.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke (1291 words)

	Este - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Obizzo d'Este II (d 1293) was proclaimed Lord of Ferrara in 1264, Lord of Modena 1288 and Lord of Reggio 1289.
		Borso received 1452 the title of Duke of Modena and Reggio from Emperor Frederick III and 1471 the title of Duke of Ferrara from Pope Paul II.
		The family ruled the Duchy of Modena and Reggio again from 1814 to 1859, using the names Asburgo-Este (Hapsburg-Este) and Austria-Este.
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=Este (888 words)

	Phipps' Defence of Francis V, Duke of Modena
		In some cases where they did pronounce judgment of condemnation after a long protracted process, such, we are told, was the effect of their dilatoriness, that the public had almost forgotten both the crime and the criminal, and the moral effect of the sentence was all but obliterated.
		Reggio, Mirandola, Carpi, Finale Correggio, Guastalla, Massa, and Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, each had the advantage of a separate public high school, where the studies extended to the classes of philosophy inclusive, and where the instruction was either gratuitous or nearly so, and where all who wished to enter were admissible.
		In Reggio there was a second Academy of Fine Arts, which also produced famous scholars; while a third was judiciously kept up at Carrara, chiefly with the view of forming sculptors, where the material of their art was so abundant and accessible.
	www.jacobite.ca /documents/18610307a.htm (7587 words)

	Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		1663 Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara
		30 Mar 1806 Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara
		9 Mar 1831 Duchies of Modena and Reggio
	www.vdiest.nl /Europa/italy.htm (2660 words)

	Encyclopedia: Calabria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The region is divided into five provinces: Cosenza, Crotone, Reggio di Calabria, Vibo Valentia, and Catanzaro.
		Catanzaro has been the regional capital since 1970, but despite this the regional Parliament is hosted in the former capital of Reggio di Calabria.
		Map of Italy showing Reggio Calabria in the south Reggio Calabria, located on the toe of the Italian boot, is the capital of the province of Reggio Calabria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Calabria (2548 words)

	Heraldry in Pre-Unification Italy
		Milan was made a duchy by the Emperor Wenceslas in 1394, and in 1397 he granted the Visconti permission quarter the Empire with their own arms.
		In 1805 it was united with the principality of Piombino and given on March 18 to Elisa Bonaparte, sister of Napoleon, and her husband Felix Bacciochi: the flag became three horizontal stripes, sky-blue, white and red.
		Another branch of the Gonzaga family, issued from a younger son of Francesco II in the 16th century, was given the county of Guastalla by Charles V in 1541.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/italy2.htm (5752 words)

	MACHIAVELLI, NIOCCOLO - LoveToKnow Article on MACHIAVELLI, NIOCCOLO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the war with Pisa he had observed the insubordination and untrustworthiness of soldiers gathered from the dregs of different districts, serving under egotistical and irresponsible commanders.
		His reading in Livy taught him to admire the Roman system of employing armies raised from the body of the citizens; and Cesare Borgia's method of gradually substituting the troops of his own duchy for aliens and mercenaries showed him that this plan might be adopted with success by the Italians.
		Machiavelli therefore was justified in feeling that here was an opportunity for putting his cherished schemes in practice, and that a prince with such alliances might even advance to the grand end of the unification of Italy.
	64.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MACHIAVELLI_NIOCCOLO.htm (5542 words)

	Modena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The territory around Modena (Roman Mutina, Etruscan Muoina) was inhabited by the Villanovans in the Iron Age, and later by Ligurian tribes, Etruscans, and the Gaulish Boii (the settlment itself being Etruscan).
		The Este family were identified as lords of Modena from 1288 (Obizzo d'Este).
		Enlarged and fortified by Ercole II, it was made the primary ducal residence when Ferrara, the main Este seat, fell to the Pope (1598).
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/Modena (1246 words)

	House of Este (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Estensi were a branch of the great 10th-century dynasty of the Obertenghi, which held power and wealth in Lunigiana, Genoa, and Milan and which also gave rise to the feudal houses of the Malaspina, the Pallavicini, and the margraves of Massa and Parodi.
		At his death he bequeathed the duchy to his cousin Cesare, but Pope Clement VII refused to recognize the settlement, declaring Cesare illegitimate; in 1598 direct papal rule was established in Ferrara.
		Cesare kept Modena and Reggio, but with him the Estensi ceased to play so important a part in Italian politics, and the court was culturally inferior to its brilliant predecessors.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Este/Este.html (1826 words)

	FETTY: Fetty History 1292, Fetty Blazon of Arms, Fetty Europe, Fetty America, Fetty Canada
		A cadet line, established in France, had succeeded, by marriage, to the duchies of Nevers or Nivernais and Rethel and in 1627 began to claim the succession to Mantua and Montferrat, which were strategically located on the Lombard plain near the Alpine passes.
		After the restoration (1814) of the duchy of Modena their son and grandson, Francis IV and Francis V, ruled as dukes of Modena, Massa, and Carrara.
		The duchy of Modena, established in 1452, became the seat of the Este family after it lost (1598) Ferrara.
	www.fettywww.com /fetty_france_italy-1.html (3450 words)

	Este (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Este Italian noble family, rulers of Ferrara (1240 – 1597), Modena and Reggio (1288 – 1796).
		The last duke, Ercole d'Este III, was deposed in 1796 by the French and died in 1803.
		The family ruled the Duchy of Modena andReggio again from 1814 to 1859 becoming Asburgo -Este (Haupsburg - Este).
	www.therfcc.org /este-121061.html (81 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Emilia Romagna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Provinces: Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Parma, Piacenza, Modena, Ferrara, Forlì, Ravenna and Rimini
		In the centuries that followed the region was divided between the rule of the Papal State, the Farnese Duchy of Parma and Piacenza and the Este Duchy of Modena and Reggio.
		It was in Reggio Emilia during the Italian Risorgimento that the tricolour flag, later to become the flag of a unified Italy, was first used.
	www.esteri.it /eng/7_45_109_166.asp (836 words)

	Napoleon's Lithuanian Forces
		Frederick Augustus I, King of Saxony, was proclaimed the ruler of the new duchy and Prince Joseph Poniatowski, the nephew of the last King and Grand Duke of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, appointed the Minister of War.
		It is obvious that his major purpose for the formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was to organize auxiliary troops at Lithuania's expense for his further military operations and to secure his rear against the Russians.
		Jacqueminot, an aide-de-camp to the Duke of Reggio, and Colonel Count Prezdziezki of the 18th Lithuanian Lancers, immediately plunged into the river and despite the sharp cakes of ice which tore into the flanks and chests of their horses, succeeded in reaching the opposite shore.
	www.lituanus.org /1984_1/84_1_01.htm (9581 words)

	Balsamic Vinegar - Emilia romagna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		But the real secret and ‘knowledge’ of the Reggio Emilia Balsamic Vinegar lies in the ageing process which is carried out in sets of different wooden barrels over a long period of time, and in any case never less than 12 years.
		It is suitable for strong, well-flavoured and spicy cheeses, for fruit salads with fruits of the forest, strawberries or cherries, for custard cream and ice-cream, for panettone or strudel, but above all it is a real elixir to be sipped from a spoon or drunk from a small glass at the end of the meal.
		One commandment for the chef is however always valid, for all three of the T.B.V.s from Reggio Emilia: avoid long cooking times; the vinegar should be cooked only for a few moments, just to be heated without losing any of the aromas which have been refined over such a long period of time.
	www.italytraveller.com /salsa/en/card.html?web1_id=805&area=emilia_romagna (1379 words)

	Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Emilia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The splendour of their duchy during the renaissance attracted painters, architects, poets and musicians.
		nd when Ferrara was yielded into the hands of the papal states at the end of the XVI century, Modena and Reggio Emilia carried on the great tradition of the magnificence of the Este dynasty for another two centuries.
		The built splendid stately homes, such a the "Mauriziano" in Reggio Emilia or majestic palaces, such as their residence ai Sassuolo.
	www.wonderful-italy.it /ancient/duchy.html (231 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)