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Topic: Duchy of Spoleto

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	Duchy of Spoleto - GigaDictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 842 the former duchy was resurrected by the Franks to be held as a Frankish border territory by a dependent margrave.
		In 883 Guido II reunited the dukedom, henceforth as the Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino.
		Alberico I, Duke of Camerino (897), and afterwards of Spoleto, married the notorious Roman noblewoman Marozia, mistress of Pope Sergius III (904–11), and was killed by the Romans in 924.
	www.gigadictionary.com /Duchy_of_Spoleto (947 words)

	Spoleto - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		}}Spoleto (Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines.
		Spoleto was situated on the eastern branch of the Via Flaminia, which forked into two roads at Narnia and rejoined at Forum Flaminii, near Foligno.
		Under the Lombards, Spoleto became the capital of an independent duchy, the Duchy of Spoleto (from 570), and its dukes ruled a considerable part of central Italy.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Spoleto (1688 words)

	Spoleto
		Under Hildebrand the Duchy of Spoleto was promised to the Holy See by the King of the Franks, and the duke himself was named by Pope Adrian (773), but the succeeding dukes were named by the Frankish emperors.
		In 967 Otto II united the duchy with that of Capua and Benevento, which was then ruled by Pandolfo Testa di Ferro; but after the death of the latter he detached Spoleto, which was in 989 granted to Hugo, Duke of Tuscany.
		In 1158 the emperor gave the duchy to Guelf VI of Este; Henry VI invested Conrad of Urslingen with it, upon whose death in 1198 it was ceded to Pope Innocent III, the cession being confirmed by Otto of Brunswick.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/spoleto.html (2799 words)

	Spoleto - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Spoleto (Latin: Spoletium), 42°44′ N 12°44′ E (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=42_44_N_12_44_E_), an ancient town in the Italian province of Perugia in east central Umbria, at 385 meters (1391 ft) above sea-level on a foothill of the Apennines.
		Spoleto was situated on a branch of the Via Flaminia, which left the main road at Narnia and rejoined it at Forum Flaminii.
		The foundation of the episcopal see dates from the 4th century: early martyrs of Spoleto are legends, but a letter to the bishop Caecilianus,from Pope Liberius in 354 constitutes its first historical mention.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Spoleto (675 words)

	Duchy of Spoleto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Within Spoleto, the Roman capitolium dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva was already occupied by the bishop's cathedral (the see was founded in the 4th century) which incorporated the pagan structure (now the church of San Ansano).
		The dukes of Spoleto waged intermittent war with the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna, and Spoleto's territories fluctuated with the fortunes of the times over much of Umbria, Lazio, the Marche and the Abruzzi.
		The title of Duchy of Spoleto was later used by members of the House of Savoy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto (996 words)

	Duchy_of_spoleto info here at en.125-plan.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Alberico I, Duke of Camerino (897), 'n afterwards of Spoleto, married the notorious Roman noblewoman Marozia, mistress of Pope Sergius III (904â“11), 'n was killed by the Romans in 924.
		The duchy was cooperative with Tuscany a reproduction span in 1057, when Godfrey of Lorraine espoused Beatrice, the widow of Boniface, Duke of Spoleto, 'n it remained so till the fatality of the Countess Matilda.
		Otto made a of Imperial rights in Spoleto to the Papal States in 1201, 'n ere long afterward (1213), the duchy was brought held down plain papal aphorism with a governor, not infrequently a cardinal, though it remained a pawn in the struggles of Frederick II till the extinction of the Hohenstaufen.
	en.125-plan.info /Duchy_of_Spoleto (1215 words)

	ItalianVisits.com - Welcome to Spoleto, Umbria
		Spoleto, like Gubbio, Gualdo Tadino, Nocera Umbra and many other Umbrian towns and cities with whom it shares a common history, sits on the terraced slopes of the Appenines, at the end of a long, fertile valley.
		Spoleto was a major center on the eastern leg of the Via Flaminia, the main road from Rome to Ancona and Ravenna, and the main road used by warring factions within the region, and the many external armies who have invaded Italy since Roman times.
		After the passage of about 500 years of relatively stable rule, Spoleto ultimately came under the neglectful rule of the Papal States, and, with all the other lands and territories that comprised them, was made part of the modern country of Italy in 1861.
	www.italianvisits.com /umbria/spoleto (993 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Spoleto
		Coordinates: 42Â°44â²N 12Â°44â²E Spoleto (Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines.
		Because Spoleto was a small town, where real estate and other goods and services were at the time relatively inexpensive, and also because there are two indoor theatres, a Roman theatre and many other spaces, it was chosen by Gian-Carlo Menotti as the venue for an arts festival.
		After disputes with the Menotti family, the American Spoleto Festival is now independent.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Spoleto (1667 words)

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		Spoleto passed through centuries of history in the ultra-conservatism of the Papal State, alternating periods of greater or lesser splendour, without any shocks until the French occupation: in that period the town became chief town of the Trasimeno District, surpassing in importance Perugia itself.
		On the way back to Spoleto, take the S.S. Flaminia, in the direction of Foligno for 7 kilometres to the little town of S. Giacomo, which has an interesting fifteenth century castle and a parish church (XIII century) with interesting frescoes by Giovanni Spagna.
		From Spoleto follow the signpost to Montefalco, turning off at Pontebari in the direction of Morgano, where it is possible to admire the recently restored thirteenth century castle.
	www.renttuscany.com /informazioni/Spoleto_informations.htm (941 words)

	f. The Lombards and the Popes. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Pavia became the capital (Italy, until 774, always had two and usually three capitals: Rome, the papal capital; Ravenna, the Byzantine capital; and Pavia, the Lombardian capital after 573), and the peninsula was a mosaic of Byzantine, papal, and Lombardian jurisdictions.
		Imperial Italy comprised Venice and the land from north of Ravenna to the south of Ancona, and included the duchy of Rome and the duchy of Naples, as well as the toe and heel of Italy.
		After a nine-month siege, Pavia was taken, Spoleto and Benevento were conquered, and Charlemagne (Charles the Great) absorbed the Lombard Kingdom into the rising Frankish Empire and assumed the crown of the Lombards.
	www.bartleby.com /67/408.html (1565 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Spoleto
		Other churches are: Il Crocifisso, built on the site and from the materials of an ancient temple; Sant' Ansano, beneath which the foundations of another temple may be visited; San Pietro Martire, with frescoes by Spagna; San Filippo, with four columns of green porphyry taken from the temple of Clitumnus.
		To the Diocese of Spoleto has been united that of Bevagna (Mevania), an ancient city, which venerates as first bishop St. Vincent the Martyr; the first bishop of certain date is Innocentius (487).
		Gregory the Great it was very difficult to provide a bishop for this see, but in 649 and in 844 bishops are again recorded.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14232b.htm (2784 words)

	Spoleto Over 2500 Years of History tourist information Spoleto turismo a Spoleto, hotel Spoleto hotel farm house ...
		In 576 Faroaldus I chose the city as the seat of the Longobard Duchy of Spoleto, which became a vassal of the Franks in 774.
		But Spoleto was a frequent bone of contention in the struggle for power between the Papacy and the Empire.
		During the French occupation under Napoleon, Spoleto was the headquarters of the Trasimene Départment.
	en.umbriaonline.com /article_219.phtml (588 words)

	Spoleto : Attractions \| Frommers.com
		The Duomo and the Ponte delle Torri are Spoleto's only real attention-grabbers, so if you're pressed for time, skip the lower town (most of which was rebuilt after extensive bombing during World War II) and head straight up to Piazza della Libertà to see the highlights of upper Spoleto.
		It rests atop the site of the oldest prehistoric settlement in Spoleto and was used as a prison until 1982 -- celebrity inmates included members of the Red Brigades terrorist organization and Mehmet Ali Agca, who tried to assassinate Pope John Paul II in 1981.
		This bridge's nine tall pylons separating graceful, narrow arches span the sheer walls of the valley behind Spoleto, a gorge swimming in the dense green of an ilex forest.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/spoleto/2561010029.html (2955 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Spoleto
		Spoleto Festival SPOLETO FESTIVAL [Spoleto Festival] also called Festival of the Two Worlds, annual summer arts festival held in Spoleto, Italy.
		He made his operatic debut at Spoleto in 1952 as Don José in Bizet's Carmen and debuted with the Metropolitan Opera in 1961, singing Manrico in Verdi's Il Trovatore.
		She studied voice at the Conservatory of Music at the Univ. of Cincinnati and made her debut at the Spoleto Festival in 1972.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Spoleto (632 words)

	Spoleto - art, accomodation, events and so ...
		Contended between Empire and Papal State, Spoleto was finally subjected to the latter from 1247.
		After the Restoration Spoleto was a seat of the Papal Delegation: the papal rule lasted until 17 September 1860, when the town was incorporated in the Kingdom of Italy.
		Spoleto is a splendid town: characteristic corners and historical suggestions; a place where one can understand the importance of the relation between man and nature, and between history and landscape; a magic, harmonious place, perfect scenery to represent the marvels and the enchantments of the Festival of Two Worlds.
	www.argoweb.it /spoleto/spoleto.uk.html (299 words)

	Lombardy - IBWiki
		In circa 550 the Duchy of Spoleto split into three and most of the North came under Frankish influence and was later conquered.
		He first called the Duchy of Milan the Cisalpine Republic, and when he conquered the entire peninsula to the Papal States called it the Republic of Lombardy.
		Prince Ubaldo of Spoleto was then elected, and ruled until 2002, year in which Princess Beatrice of Ceva, the younger daughter of Queen Luisa II of Italy, was elected.
	ib.frath.net /w/Lombardy (1588 words)

	Doorways. Ltd.
		Spoleto is a jewel of a town in of Eastern Umbria, an area considered by many to be the most interesting part of Umbria.
		It once was the independent Duchy of Spoleto that ruled the central part of Italy.
		Since Spoleto is on the main rail line from Rome to Ancona, access by rail is easy to Rome to the south and to Assisi and Perugia to the north.
	www.villavacations.com /italy/umbria/lulivo/lulivoprop.shtml (477 words)

	Spoleto - Destination Guide - Hotel Near (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Two kilometres of well-preserved walls stand as testament to the one-time grandeur of its Roman colony, though its real importance dates from the sixth century when the Lombards made it the capital of one of their three Italian dukedoms.
		The autonomous Duchy of Spoleto eventually stretched to Rome, and by 890 its rulers had become powerful enough to lay claim to the imperial throne itself, making Spoleto, for a short time at least, the capital of the entire Holy Roman Empire.
		Barbarossa flattened the city in a fit of pique in 1155, and in 1499 the 19-year-old Lucrezia Borgia was appointed governer by her father, Pope Alexander VI.
	www.hotelnear.com /3014/3304/7705g/Italy-Spoleto-Destination_Guide.html (210 words)

	Lombards - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The territorial splits of the Duchies, caused by individual functions of the Garnisons, restrained the consolidations of the king.
		In 570 AD Farioald and Zotto conquered lands of the central and southern Appennines creating the Langobard Duchy of Spoleto, which was ruled by Farioald, and the Duchy of Benevento which was ruled by Zotto.
		Faroald I, the conquerer and first Duke of the Duchy of Spoleto remained pagan, until he had a Devine moment during a Battle and became a Christian.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lombards (3941 words)

	Spoleto Region
		Its fame is due more to the bucolic atmosphere of its springs, descrived in the past by poets as important as Vergil and Carducci, than to its artistic works or to the fortified town of Campello Alto.
		Taking the road from Spoleto to Montefalco, one finds the town of Castel Ritaldi, which, obviously, even if it is not to to be compared with other larger towns of the region as regards works of art, is not without buildings of a certain artistic interest.
		Spoleto, even if shows evident traces of the Roman era even in its urban structure, substantially mantains a medieval appearance, due to the period in which it was first a flourishing longobard Duchy, and then an important city within the Papal State.
	www.bellaumbria.net /Spoletino/home_eng.htm (191 words)

	Kingdoms of Italy - Benevento & Spoleto (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This and the Duchy of Spoleto were initially part of the Lombard kingdom.
		The rest is annexed to the Frankish Empire and elevated to a principality.
		Duchy is resurrected by the Franks as a dependent margraviate.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /History/KingListsEurope/ItalyBenevento.htm (175 words)

	Hotels near Rocca, Spoleto
		Situated a few kilometers from the historical centre of Spoleto, in a splendid position that dominates the town,......
		Athena Hotel is situated in the historical centre of Spoleto, in a quiet and shady area....
		The castle also houses the museum of the Duchy of Spoleto and has an open-air theatre with a capacity of 1200.
	www.activereservations.com /hotel/en/hotels-near-attractions/5551.html (324 words)

	Umbria History Holiday Home Umbria Vacation Rentals - Real estate
		Eventually the Etruscans arrived, forcing the Umbrians to concede much of their territory and to retreat into various central valleys and plains; their was cooperation with the Etruscans, and, many centuries later, the two peoples put up a united front against the might of Rome.
		Umbria was to enjoy a brief period of calm when the Byzantines finally defeated the Goths in 522, this lasting until the Longobards arrived and took possession of large parts of eastern Umbria, eventually establishing the Duchy of Spoleto.
		The Duchy achieved a large degree of autonomy, and the prosperity gained ensured that that it survived well beyond the end of Longobard rule.
	www.umbriangarden.com /umbria.html (901 words)

	Machiavelli scenario - Crowning of Charlemagne
		DUCHY OF BAVARIA: Tyrolea (A), Austria (A), Carinthia (A), Como
		DUCHY OF FRIULI: Carniola (A), Friuli (A), Verona (A), Vicenza, Brescia.
		DUCHY OF SPOLETO: Spoleto (G), Ancona (F), Capua (A), Monte Cassino, Aquila.
	www3.sympatico.ca /mgemmell/charle.html (770 words)

	Cenni storici sulla città di Assisi
		It was later dominated by the Longobards, followed by the Duchy of Spoleto.
		Towards the year 1000, it began to lay the groundwork to become a free commune and it was also influenced by a certain religious and cultural reawakening that then spread rapidly to the rest of Italy.
		In 1198, the Duchy of Spoleto handed the town over to Pope Innocent III, who confirmed the privileges of the Assisi church with a papal bull.
	www.umbria.org /assisi/assisieng/storia.htm (537 words)

	History - Tuscany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		After the fall of the Western Empire, Tuscany was ruled successively by the Germans under Odoacer, by the Ostrogoths, by the Eastern Empire through Narses, and by the Lombards.
		Tuscany, or Tuscia as it was called in the Middle Ages, became a part of the Frankish Empire during the reign of Charlemagne and was formed a margravate, the margrave of which was also made the ruler several times of the Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino.
		Boniface was also Duke of Spoleto, Count of Modena, Mantua, and Ferrara, and was the most powerful prince of the empire in Italy.
	homepage.mac.com /eric3/italy2004/Personal69.html (332 words)

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