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	Due process - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Due Process under the federal Constitution has additionally been interpreted as a restraint on the ways that legislatures may alter the law, although some judges over the years have objected to stretching the Due Process Clause beyond what was intended hundreds of years ago by the king and barons of the Magna Carta era.
		Due process provides a minimum floor of protection to the individual that statutes, regulations, and enforcement actions must at least meet (but can exceed), in order to ensure that no one is deprived of life, liberty, or property arbitrarily and without opportunity to affect the judgment or result.
		Procedural due process places limits on the assertion of personal jurisdiction over a defendant to a lawsuit, limiting the locations where that defendant may be hailed into court.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Due_process (3913 words)

	Due Process of Law by Jacob G. Hornberger
		Due process of law actually stretches back to the year 1215, when the great barons of England extracted an admission from their king that his powers over the citizenry were not unlimited but instead were limited by fundamental principles of fairness and justice.
		The core procedural requirements of due process of law were “notice” and “hearing.” An accused had the right, the courts held, to be advised of the nature of the offenses for which he was being charged.
		A correlative due process right involves the “presumption of innocence,” which means that at the beginning of every criminal trial the accused is considered to be fully and totally innocent – and remains so until the government succeeds in convincing the jury of his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
	www.lewrockwell.com /hornberger/hornberger28.html (1373 words)

	Right to Due Process
		At a minimum, due process means that a citizen who will be affected by a government decision must be given notice of what government plans to do and have a chance to comment on the action.
		In addition to notice and an opportunity to be heard, due process may include a hearing before an impartial person, representation by an attorney, calling witnesses on one's behalf, cross-examination of witnesses, a written decision with reasons based on evidence introduced, a transcript of the proceeding, and an opportunity to appeal the decision.
		Substantive due process refers to the Supreme Court's examination of the reasons why the government passed a law or otherwise acted in a manner denying a citizen or a group of citizens life, liberty, or property (regardless of the procedure the law provides).
	www.lincoln.edu /criminaljustice/hr/Dueprocess.htm (811 words)

	Due process - Wex
		The Fifth Amendment (http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html#amendment) says to the federal government that no one shall be "deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law." The Fourteenth Amendment (http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.amendmentxiv.html), ratified in 1868, uses the same eleven words, called the Due Process Clause, to describe a legal obligation of all states.
		While the text of the due process clause is extremely general, the fact that it appears twice makes clear that it states a central proposition.
		Process was due before the government could take an action that affected a citizen in a grave way.
	www.law.cornell.edu /wex/index.php/Due_process (4657 words)

	Mediation, Complaints & Due Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mediation is a voluntary process mutually agreed to by a parent and the district.
		If the LEA has not resolved the issues that are the subject of the request for the due process hearing to the satisfaction of the parents within 30 days of the receipt of the request, the due process hearing may occur, and all of the applicable timelines for a due process hearing shall commence.
		If the due process hearing involves an application for initial admission to public school, the child, with the consent of the parents, must be placed in the public school program until the completion of all the proceedings.
	www.educ.state.ak.us /TLS/sped/Mediation.html (5073 words)

	Due Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lopez, the seminal case establishing the due process rights of students in public school disciplinary proceedings, the Supreme Court held that students had a property interest in education that required minimal due process protections before any disciplinary suspension could be imposed.
		The district court in Cole stated: "The primary thrust of the educational process is classroom instruction; therefore minimum due process procedures may be required if an exclusion from the classroom would effectively deprive the student of instruction and the opportunity to learn." 676 F.Supp.
		Due process requires that any student who may be subject to a sanction that deprives the student of his/her property interest in education, has a right to be informed of the charges against him/her, and an opportunity to be heard and to tell his/her side of the story.
	www.pacer.org /parent/due_process.html (2163 words)

	Due Process Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Due process generally refers to the regularity, fairness, equality, and degree of justice in both procedures and outcomes.
		The phrase "due process of law" was first used in England sometime during the 13th or 14th century as synonymous for "law of the land", hence, it was made part of the common law and given a natural law interpretation.
		DUE PROCESS is also related to the incorporation debate since it's mentioned in both the Fifth and Fourteenth amendment.
	faculty.ncwc.edu /mstevens/410/410lect06.htm (2084 words)

	Due Process
		Due Process meant that the king could not have someone jailed or executed without a proper trial.
		Due process includes the right of an accused person to a trial, a lawyer, to question witnesses against him, and other protections of the law.
		Due Process also means that laws must be reasonable to an average person.
	www.rockingham.k12.va.us /JFHMS/Due_Process_notes.htm (268 words)

	Due Process
		Due process is ensconced in such concepts as fair play, consistency, the right to a fair and impartial trial on the facts in a case, and other fundamental principles of liberty and justice that lie at the base of all our civil and political institutions.
		Due process was so rudimentary to the systems of government proposed by our forefathers that it has been incorporated into the constitutions of all the states, including the Colorado State Constitution in
		All these actions violate the concept that under due process the government is without right to deprive a person of life, liberty, or property by an act that has no reasonable purpose, and which is so far beyond the necessity of the case as to constitute an arbitrary exercise of governmental power.
	www.dvmen.org /dv-55.htm (2057 words)

	Constitutional Topic: Due Process - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		Due Process is mentioned in two places in the Constitution; in the 5th Amendment and in the 14th Amendment.
		Due process is a difficult thing to define, and the Supreme Court has not been much help over the years.
		In the Magna Carta, due process is referred to as "law of the land" and "legal judgment of his peers." Some state constitutions continue to use these phrases.
	www.usconstitution.net /consttop_duep.html (375 words)

	Special Education Due Process and Complaints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The due process hearing is an impartial procedure used to resolve disagreements over issues related to special education services that arise between a parent and a school division.
		A due process hearing is a process wherein a party alleges an issue relating to the identification, evaluation, or education of a child, or the provision of a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for the child.
		Due process hearings are likely to involve disputes between the parent and the local school division over the appropriateness or nature of the student’s program or services.
	www.pen.k12.va.us /VDOE/Instruction/dueprocess.html (628 words)

	Basic Due Process for Pa. Educators
		The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution states"....nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law...." The Pennsylvania Constitution gives plenary power over education to the General Assembly, which is the legislative branch of government.
		Substantive due process basically refers to the reason or cause for the deprivation of the liberty or property right, while procedural due process refers to the procedures, which must be followed before the liberty or property right is deprived by the state.
		Due process is affected by the gravity of deprivation.
	www.departments.bucknell.edu /edu/ed370/teacher_due_process.html (2028 words)

	Congress Had Authority Under Due Process Clause... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The court upheld the due process authority without an examination of the legislative record to determine if there was a pattern of violations by the states.
		Plaintiff asserted that the state took its patent without due process; hence the abrogation was valid under the authority of the 14th Amendment.
		Amendment Due Process Clause require states in some circumstances to make accommodations for persons with disabilities; for example, access to the courthouse for a defendant to be present at a criminal trial.
	www.nsclc.org /federalrights/popovich0102.htm (848 words)

	Legal Definition of Due Process
		DUE PROCESS - The idea that laws and legal proceedings must be fair.
		A due process claim is cognizable only if there is a recognized liberty or property interest at stake.
		The Sixth Amendment, which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see In re Oliver, 333 U.S. 257, 273-74 (1948), guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him.
	www.lectlaw.com /def/d080.htm (639 words)

	Substantive Due Process
		Due Process Clause not only requires "due process," that is, basic procedural rights, but that it also protects basic substantive rights.
		They argue that Substantive Due Process provides comprehensive nation-wide protection for all our most cherished rights, which might otherwise be at the mercy of state governments.
		While substantive due process applies to both clauses, because it is the state law that is most relevant here, this treatment we will be speaking to the 14th Amendment clause in particular.
	members.aol.com /abtrbng/sdp.htm (1032 words)

	Criminal Justice System - Due Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is a system of "Due Process" that requires notice in advance that conduct constitutes an offense and a process which is fair to determine whether accused is guilty of the offense.
		The term "due process" comes from the 5th and 14th amendments to the US Constitution which prohibit the taking of life, liberty, or property without "due process" of law.
		The essence of "due process" in the criminal justice context is notice to the accused of the charge and a meaningful opportunity for the accused to defend him/herself.
	www.shaperojoseph.org /testimonials/due-process.html (1214 words)

	THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE
		The Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause (which does apply to the states) has been interpreted to make nearly all of the Bill of Rights guarantees applicable to the states — these individual guarantees are "incorporated" into the Bill of Rights.
		The due process requirement applies only where it is government that does, or at least is involved in, the taking of liberty or property.
		Other constitutional provisions aside from the Due Process Clause give additional procedural safeguards; for example, the Sixth Amendment confers a right to jury trial in criminal cases, the right to appointed counsel if one is indigent, and a right to confront witnesses against oneself.
	www.sfasu.edu /polisci/Abel/ConstitutionalLawII/THEDUePROCESSCLAUSE.htm (2542 words)

	Due Process Mini-Outline:
		PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS: (Law Affects All) The Due Process Clause of the 5th-applies to the Federal Government The 14th Amendment-applies to the States Both provide that the govt shall not take a person's life, liberty, or property w/o due process of law.
		Civil Forfeitures: -Procedural due process limits the government's ability to seize property allegedly subject to forfeiture (which most often occurs when the government claims that the property was connected to, or was the product of, criminal activity).
		Substantive Due Process: Generally where the law limits the liberty of all persons to engage in some activity, it is a due process question.
	www.lectlaw.com /files/lws63.htm (1214 words)

	Due Process Rights of Public School Students
		The most obvious requirement of the Due Process Clause if that states afford certain procedures ("due process") before depriving individuals of certain interests ("life, liberty, or property").
		The Due Process Clause is essentially a guarantee of basic fairness.
		In Goss v Lopez, the Court considers what due process means for students facing temporary suspension from school because of their alleged violations of school discipline rules.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/dueprocesstudents.htm (548 words)

	Due Process of Law
		“Due process of law,”; as a phrase and as a concept, was already old at the time it was adopted by American constitution-writers, both state and federal.
		Mindful of the English background and of constitutional developments in the several states, Orth in a succinct and readable narrative traces the history of due process, from its origins in medieval England to its applications in the latest cases.
		This unconventional history of the concept of due process heightens the reader’s understanding of an important and vexed question of Anglo-American law and constitutionalism.
	www.kansaspress.ku.edu /ortdue.html (506 words)

	[No title]
		Either the parent or the public agency may request a due process hearing with respect to any matter relating to identification, evaluation, or educational placement of the child, or the provision of a free and appropriate public education to such child.
		[615(b)(7)(B)] The due process notice required under Section 615(b)(7)(A) shall be deemed to be sufficient unless the party receiving the notice notifies the hearing officer and the other party, in writing, that the receiving party believes the notice has not met the requirements of section 615(b)(7)(A).
		The party requesting the due process hearing shall not be allowed to raise issues at the due process hearing that were not raised in the notice filed under Section 615(b)(7), unless the other party agrees otherwise.
	www.nichcy.org /reauth/3-procsafeguards.doc (809 words)

	Due Process
		The Fourteenth Amendment requires due process before a public institution may deprive one of life, liberty, or property.
		Due process should be required before a professor is deprived of this liberty right [Hollander et al, 1985].
		Even in the event that the teaching evaluations are not considered a component of a faculty member's performance appraisal process, the institution may still run afoul of the common law torts of invasion of privacy and defamation.
	www.bus.lsu.edu /accounting/faculty/lcrumbley/process.html (1487 words)

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