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	Ferdinand
		Ferdinand I of Austria - 1793-1875; became emperor 1835.
		Ferdinand IV, Archduke of Austria, duke of Modena.
		Ferdinand of Austria, Cardinal-Infante of Spain[?] - 1618-1641
	www.fastload.org /fe/Ferdinand.html (280 words)

	Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ferdinand was, moreover, one of the most intimate friends of the king, and thus he was peculiarly fitted for the tasks which afterwards fell to his lot.
		In the first campaign of the Seven Years War Ferdinand commanded one of the Prussian columns which converged upon Dresden, and in the operations which led up to the surrender of the Saxon army at Pirna (1756), and at the Battle of Lobositz, he led the right wing of the Prussian infantry.
		In 1766, Ferdinand resigned, and retired to Brunswick and his castle of Veschelde, where he occupied himself in building and other improvements, and became a patron of learning and art, and a great benefactor of the poor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick (905 words)

	Ferdinand
		Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor - 1503-1564; became emperor 1556.
		Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor - 1578-1637; became emperor 1619.
		Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor - 1608-1657; became emperor 1637.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fe/Ferdinand.html (241 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg168 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Friedrich Wilhelm Duke Of BRUNSWICK was born on 9 Oct 1771 in Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
		Eugen (Friedrich Heinrich) Duke Of WhURTTEMBERG was born on 21 Nov 1758 in Schwedt An Der Oder, Brandenburg, Prussia.
		Wilhelm (Friedrich Phillip) Duke Of WhURTTEMBERG-URACH was born on 27 Dec 1761 in Stettin, Pommern, Prussia.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg168.htm (1575 words)

	Ferdinand of Brunswick (d.1792)
		Ferdinand was eventually forced to seek battle, and despite being outnumbered, won the great victory of Minden (1 August 1759).
		Ferdinand was able to regain all of the ground lost before the battle, although he failed to take full advantage of the victory and allowed the shattered French army to withdraw and reform.
		Ferdinand was probably the most consistently successfull commander during the Seven Years War, and without his repeated victories over the French, Frederick the Great would have found himself threatened on three, not two fronts, and would almost certainly have been defeated.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/people_ferdinandbrunswick.html (490 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Ferdinand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		FERDINAND [Ferdinand] 1721-92, Prussian field marshal, a prince of the house of Brunswick, known as Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick.
		Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain 1474-1516 a re-assessment.
		Ferdinand Columbus: print collector: Mark McDonald introduces an earlier Spaniard with a famous name who made an art collection in the Low Countries.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/f/ferdip1ru.asp (290 words)

	Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand (1735-1806) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		When duke Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand was born in the Wolfenbüttel castle in 1735 and baptized one day later, king Friedrich Wilhelm I. of Prussia traveled from Berlin in order to see his grandson.
		As a result of his close family connection to Prussia and an agreement of support in which the principality of Brunswick placed troops at the disposal of Prussia, the twenty-one-year old hereditary prince fought in the Seven Years' War against the French on the side of Prussia.
		In 1787 the duke was appointed the Prussian field marshal.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/KarlWilhelmFerdinand/KarlWilhelmFerdinand.html (381 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg165 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Friedrich Albrecht, Prince Of BRUNSWICK was born on 5 Jan 1672 in Eschwege, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia.
		Klaudie Eleonore, Princess Of BRUNSWICK was born on 29 Nov 1675 in Of Bevern, Braunschweig, Germany.
		Ernst Ferdinand Duke Of BRUNSWICK was born on 4 Mar 1682 in Of Bevern, Braunschweig, Germany.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg165.htm (1131 words)

	SEVENTEENTH GENERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Duke Karl I Charles of BRUNSWICK (son of Duke Ferdinand Albert I ?
		BRUNSWICK-BEVERN and Princess of WOLFENBUTTEL) was born in 1713 in Prussia (Charles William Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick.
		Elizabeth of BRUNSWICK was born in Brunswick - dtr of Charles (Karl).
	home.att.net /~hamiltonclan/hamilton/gilbert/d7056.htm (91 words)

	700000 people connected with European Royalty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Duke Erich Brunswick Of Brunswick-Calenberg and Princess Of Saxony Katharine
		Duke Erich Brunswick Of Brunswick-Calenberg and Princess Elisabeth Hohenzollern Of Brandenburg
		Henry Julius Of Brunswick Duke Brunswick Wolfen and Dorothea Of Saxony Wettin
	www.e-familytree.net /f3150.htm (2832 words)

	[No title]
		Ferdinand of Brunswick, field-marshal of Prussia, was equally opposed to war.
		The well-known manifesto, published by the duke of Brunswick on his entrance into France, and in which he declared his intention to level Paris with the ground should the French refuse to submit to the authority of their sovereign, was composed by Renfner, the counsellor of the embassy at Berlin.
		Ferdinand, notwithstanding this success, still delayed his advance in the hope of gaining over the wily French commander and of thus securing beforehand his triumph in a contest in which his ancient fame might otherwise be at stake.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext05/8grm410.txt (15525 words)

	Maçonnieke encyclopedie-B.
		In 1782 the Duke of Brunswick was present at the Convent at Wnhelmsbad when the Templar system is supposed to have been given up and whne there he was declared General Grand Master of the assembled Lodges.
		BRUNSWICK, MAXIMNIAN J. Admitted in the Saint Charles Lodge, Brunswick, Germany, in 1770, becoming its Protector.
		Buhlu was born at Brunswick in 1753, became Professor of Phnosophy at Güttingen in 1787, and, having afterward taught in his native city, died there in 1821.
	www.dancing.org /tsmr/.books/mackey/BMAP~1/BMAC-16.HTM (2060 words)

	1759 - Simple English Wikipedia
		August 1 - Battle of Minden - Anglo-Hanoverian forces under Ferdinand of Brunswick defeat the French army of the Duc de Broglie, but due to the disobedience of the English cavalry commander Lord George Sackville, the French are able to withdraw unmolested.
		August 10 - Ferdinand VI of Spain dies and is succeeded by his half-brother Charles III.
		Charles resigns the thrones of Naples and Sicily to his third son, Ferdinand IV.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/1759 (463 words)

	1759 - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		April 13 - a French army defeats Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick at Brunswick
		Ferdinand VI of Spain is succeeded by his half-brother Carlos III of Spain
		August 10 - King Ferdinand VI of Spain (b.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/1759 (329 words)

	Gauss
		Gauss was born in Brunswick, Germany, on April 30, 1777, to poor, working-class parents.
		After meeting Gauss, the Duke was so impressed by the gifted student with the photographic memory that he pledged his financial support to help him continue his studies at Caroline College.
		Duke Ferdinand continued to financially support his young friend as Gauss pursued his studies at the University of Gottingen.
	www.math.wichita.edu /history/men/gauss.html (557 words)

	HANOVER (Ger. Hannover) - Online Information article about HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)
		early history of Hanover is merged in that of the duchy of Brunswick (q.v.), from which the duchy of Brunswick-Luneburg and its offshoots, the duchies of Luneburg-Celle and Luneburg-Calenberg have sprung.
		duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, who introduced the reformed doctrines into Luneburg, obtained the whole of this duchy in 1539; and in 1569 his two surviving sons made an arrangement which was afterwards responsible for the See also:
		His son, Ernest Augustus, duke of Cumberland, continued to maintain his claim to the crown of Hanover, and refused to be reconciled with Prussia.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HAN_HEG/HANOVER_Ger_Hannover_.html (5169 words)

	EIGHTEENTH GENERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand BRUNSWICK Duke Charles was born in 1735 in Brunswick - son of Duke Karl I. He died in 1806 in battle of Auerstedt.
		Augusta of ENGLAND (daughter of Frederick Louis of ENGLAND Prince of Wales and Augusta of SAXE-GOTHA) was born in 1737 in England - dtr of Prince Frederick of Wales.
		She died in 1813 in Brunswick - wife of Duke Charles.
	home.att.net /~hamiltonclan/hamilton/gilbert/d7006.htm (80 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Caroline of Brunswick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		CAROLINE OF BRUNSWICK [Caroline of Brunswick] 1768-1821, consort of George IV of England.
		The daughter of Charles William Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick, she married George (then prince of Wales) in 1795.
		She bore him one daughter, but the couple separated in 1796 and Caroline, deprived of her child, lived in retirement.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/CarolineB1.asp (356 words)

	The Battle of Minden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		On the 1st August 1759 the allied Forces of some 41,000 men under the command of Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, assembled in the vicinity of Minden.
		Prince Ferdinand had previously divided his army in an attempt to encourage the French to attack, but by the early hours of 1st August 1759 he had concentrated his troops in a position North West of the town of Minden extending from Minderheide to Petershagen.
		To the surprise of everyone, including Prince Ferdinand and his staff and the French Commanders, the British Infantry marched forwards into a hail of fire and attacked the French cavalry - the first recorded incident of this kind in military history.
	www.minden-rose.org.uk /page6.html (398 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		ALBERT EDWARD, Prince of Wales, Duke of Saxony, Prince of Cobourg and Gotha, Duke of Cornwall, Great Steward of Scotland, Duke of Rothsay, Earl of Chester, Carrick, and Dublin, Baron of Renfrew and Lord of the Isles, K.G., b.
		His Royal Highness was born Duke of Cornwall, under the terms of the original creation of Edward III., who conferred the title on his eldest son, Edward the Black Prince, with limitation to him and his heirs, eldest sons and heirs apparent to the crown of England for ever.
		The names "Guelph" and "Ghibelline" appear to have originated in Germany, in the rivalry between the house of Welf (Dukes of Bavaria) and the house of Hohenstaufen (Dukes of Swabia), whose ancestral castle was Waiblingen in Franconia.
	nwowatcher.com /smf/index.php?topic=5284.0 (10778 words)

	I6510: Ferdinand Albert Of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (Duke) (29 APR 1680 - )
		Descendants of Duke Ferdinand Albert Of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Antionetta Amelia Wolfenbütt-Blackenburg
		1 Sophia Antonia Of Brunswick = Ernest Frederick Of Saxe-Coburg
		4 Ernest I Of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Duke Of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha = Mary Von Württemberg
	web.ukonline.co.uk /nigel.battysmith/Database/D0006/I6510.html (107 words)

	Battle of Jena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In early October the Prussian-Saxon army, under Charles William Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick, moved slowly westward through Saxony in an attempt to threaten Napoleon's communications to the west.
		The duke dissipated his vastly superior strength in piecemeal attacks, enabling Davout to stand firm for six hours.
		After the duke was mortally wounded, Frederick William III took command.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/JenaBattle/JenaBattle.html (358 words)

	Frederick the Great, and His Relations with Masonry and Other Secret Societies
		Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, (3) the conqueror of Creveldt and of Minden, was induced, by the persuasion of the Baron de Hund, who was a Reformer, to place himself at the head of the reformed Lodges of Freemasonry, which has taken the appellation of the Strict Observance.
		It was supposed to be an Order of Freemasonry which was a continuation of the Society of Knights Templer: the highest step was that of a Templar, with all the ceremonies of ancient chivalry.
		One of the first of these charlatans was Schroepfer, a coffeehouse-keeper of Leipsic, on whom Duke Charles of Courland (5) had inflicted corporeal punishment; but who afterwards so fascinated this Prince, and a greater part of the principal personages of Dresden and of Leipsic, that he compelled them to act a principal part with him.
	www.freemasonrywatch.org /frederickgreat.html (5130 words)

	History of THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The campaign in the west, against France, is entrusted by Frederick to his brother-in-law Ferdinand, the duke of Brunswick.
		Meanwhile Ferdinand defeats vast French armies at Krefeld in June 1758 and at Minden in August 1759.
		Within less than two weeks of his brother-in-law Ferdinand's victory over the French at Minden, in August, Frederick himself suffers a disastrous defeat by a Russian and Austrian army at Kunersdorf.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa66 (2297 words)

	Carl Friedrich Gauss
		While still a teenager, he propounded the theory of least squares, demonstrated a solution to the age-old problem of dividing a circle into 17 parts, and made important mathematical discoveries which he was too shy to publish and entrusted only to his diary.
		His genius came to the attention of Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, who undertook to finance his education and, in the process, became his lifelong patron and friend.
		Hannover is a hilly expanse of about 15,000 square miles in northern Germany between the Elbe River and the Dutch border, which in those days belonged to England, the English monarchs being of the house of Hannover.
	www.surveyhistory.org /carl_friedric.htm (988 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Karl William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, led 63,500 Prussians east toward Auerstädt.
		In the midmorning of 14 October, Brunswick and Davout engaged frontally halfway between Auerstädt and Kösen. Brunswick failed to exploit his superior numbers.
		Davout, Louis-Nicolas, Duke of Auerstädt, Prince of Eckmühl
	ebookpreview.abc-clio.com /ebooks/1576077330/pg_439.asp (702 words)

	Legitimate Issue - Frederick, Prince Of Wales
		The motives for the ill-feeling between Frederick and his parents may include the fact that he had been set up by his grandfather, even as a small child, as the representative of the house of Hanover, and was used to presiding over official occasions in the absence of his parents.
		Frederick was a genuine lover of music who played the cello, he enjoyed the natural sciences and the arts, and became a thorn in the side of his parents, thwarting their every ambition and making a point of opposing them in everything, according to the court gossip Lord Hervey.
		At court the favorite was Fredericks younger brother, Prince Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, to the extent that the king looked into ways of passing over Frederick in the succession.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /AAS6355/frederick-prince-of-wales-legitimate-issue.html (564 words)

	Infanterie Regiment von Donop History Page
		The regiment was among the 7,000 Hessians sent to England and Scotland in 1746 in the wake the Highland uprising of 1745.
		During the Seven Year's War (1756-1763), The regiment served in the Allied Army of Observation in Western Germany commanded by Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, against the French yet again.
		When the American War of Independence broke out in 1775, the regiment was part of the 12,000 Hessian troops hired by treaty to England by Landgraf Friedrich.
	www.vondonop.org /vondonophistory.html (659 words)

	Prussian Invasion of the Netherlands, 1787
		In 1781, with the publication of the pamphlet "Aan het Volk van Nederland" the PATRIOT movement began which pushed for a thorough reform of state and society in the Netherlands.
		Patriots from all parts of the country met at Utrecht, discussing reforms; the DUKE OF BRUNSWICK (commander of the Prussian troops at the Battle of Rossbach 1757), governor of s'Hertogenbosch in the service of the stadholder, had to leave the Netherlands in 1784.
		On September 13th a Prussian army of 20,000 men under the command of Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick crossed the border, demanding satisfaction and hardly meeting any resistance (as they were in Orangist territory).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/18cen/patriotcrushing.html (509 words)

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