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	Qi (state) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Qi (齊; pinyin: qi2) was a relatively powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States.
		The ability of Qi to defeat its larger enemies, usually Chu and Qin, made it a force to be reckoned with.
		He, Duke Tai of Tian, recognized as Duke of Qi by King of Zhou
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Qi_(state) (182 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Spring and Autumn Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Duke Huan of Qi (齊桓公) led his army of alliance of dukes into the state of Jin and wanted to ended the killing spree.
		642 B.C.E Jiang Wu Kui (姜無虧), the successor of Duke Huan of Qi (齊桓公), was murdered.
		However, the state of Song was not as strong or big as Qi nor was Duke Xiang of Song as competent as the Duke Huan of Qi.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Spring_and_Autumn_Period (2929 words)

	Duke Huan of Qi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Duke Huan of Qi Duke Huan of Qi Duke Huan of Qi (齊桓公, Qí Huán Gōng, died 643 BC) was the best-known ruler of the state of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history.
		He had been the duke of Qi from 685 BC until his death.
		Under the slogan of ‘respecting the king and defending against the barbarian’, Duke Huan gained hegemony among the states.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/D/Duke-Huan-of-Qi.htm (245 words)

	Lord Huan of Qi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lord Huan of Qi (齊桓公, Qí Huán Gōng, died 643 BC) was the best-known ruler of the state of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history.
		He had been the Marquis of Qi from 685 BC until his death.
		Under the slogan of ‘respecting the king and defending against the barbarian’, Lord Huan gained hegemony among the states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_Huan_of_Qi (202 words)

	Ethics of Shang, Zhou and the Classics by Sanderson Beck
		Duke Huan wanted to begin by strengthening his armed forces, but Guan Zhong recommended that he put his arms in storage, since for being on good terms with the feudal lords abroad and the people at home expending wealth on people is better than spending it on arms.
		After this, Duke Huan began to follow Guan Zhong's advice, which warned that a prince should not be greedy for territory or devote himself to the use of arms, because it distresses the people and makes deceit prevalent.
		Duke Wen of Jin was appointed ba or protector of the feudal rulers.
	www.san.beck.org /EC13-Chou.html (14215 words)

	Spring and Autumn Period - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal
		The three states of Qin, Jin[?] and Qi not only perfected their own strength but repelled the southern state of Chu[?] whose rulers had proclaimed king and armies gradually intruded into the Yellow River Basin.
		Qi, Qin, Jin and Chu finally met for a disarmament conference in 579 BC where the other states essentially became satelittes.
		Kuan Chung[?], statesman and advisor of Duke Huan of Chi and regarded by some modern scholars as the first Legalist.
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/sp/Spring_and_Autumn_Period.html (1314 words)

	Ancient site reveals stories of sacrificed horses
		During this period, five feudal lords were able to gain control over the other states, with Duke Huan of Qi the head of the five.
		The difference between the horse buried for sacrifice in Zibo and the terracotta warriors and horses in Xi'an of Shaanxi Province is that the horses in Zibo were live horses, killed especially for sacrifice.
		As archaeologists discovered, Duke Jing of Qi, the owner of the No 5 tomb, was the 25th emperor of Qi.
	english.ce.cn /Life/arts&heritage/200508/24/t20050824_4514146.shtml (566 words)

	Ancient City of Qi State in Linzi
		The city was the capital of the Qi State in the Spring and Autumn (770-476BC) and Warring States (475-221BC) periods.
		With a diameter of 86 meters, the base, known as Duke Huan's platform, was the highest point of the whole city.
		It is said that the platform was where Duke Huan of Qi met with the feudal princes and inspected his troops when he dominated other states.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_36864.htm (631 words)

	Name your Five Hegemonists of Spring Autumn Era - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		Duke Zhuang of Zheng (郑庄公), the forerunner to the concept.
		Duke Huan of Qi (齐桓公) and Duke Wen of Jin (晋文公), usually undisputed.
		Duke Mu of Qin (秦穆公), laid the foundation of the future dominance of Qin which eventually conquered the whole country.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2504&view=new (511 words)

	Cao Huan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		APPLIED FIELD-ALLOCATION ASTROLOGY IN ZHOU CHINA: DUKE WEN OF JIN AND THE BATTLE OF CHENGPU (632 B.C.).
		MAGAZINES The Journal of the American Oriental Society 4/1/1999 Pankenier, David W. demise of the illustrious Duke Huan (685-643).
		By this time Duke Huan of Qi's career as Lord Protector...
	hallencyclopedia.com /Cao_Huan (296 words)

	Kitsune Otaku
		Duke Huan of Qi angrily ground his teeth and said to Guan Zhong: “it is entirely my fault that I believed him and fell into his ruse.
		Duke Mu of Qin smiled as he said: “It was just because your ruler would not listen to you that your country was vanquished.
		Duke Ling of Chu’s face was bright red from anger, yet he could not utter a sound and was forced to smile along with Yan Zi.
	www.freewebs.com /kitsuneotaku/chinesetales.htm (3083 words)

	Five Hegemonists of Spring Autumn Period - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		I felt Duke Mu of Qin had done a great deal of groundwork for his hegemony, and more importantly, considered the military as a less preferred option to project his power, at least towards the Central Plains.
		He also defeated the Qi and made it Jin's ally, he also destroyed the Red barbarians of the north occupying the territory north of the yellow river.
		Duke Xiang of Song was hoping to consolidate himself as the successor to the hegemony of Duke Huan of Qi at that summit.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2504&view=old (2049 words)

	ROTK Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		» Explainer -- Duke Wen and Duke Huan -- Duke Wen of Jin, (reigned 636—628 BC) ruler of the western state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period (BC 770-476).
		» Explainer -- 10 -- Duke Wen and Duke Huan -- Duke Wen of Jin, (reigned 636—628 BC) ruler of the western state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period (BC 770-476).
		Duke Huan of Qi (reigned BC 685—643), in the name of serving the Zhou emperor, became the leader of a league of small states in northeast China during the Spring and Autumn period.
	www.threekingdoms.com /note.php?p=4293 (589 words)

	Spring and Autumn Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The three states of Qin Jin and Qi not only perfected their own strength repelled the southern state of Chu whose had proclaimed king and armies gradually intruded the Yellow River Basin.
		Qi Jin and Chu finally met for a conference in 579 BC where the other states essentially became
		Kuan Chung statesman and advisor of Duke of Chi and regarded by some modern as the first Legalist.
	www.freeglossary.com /Chunqu_Shidai (1432 words)

	[No title]
		Duke Huan convened the patrician lords nine times without using military force, and this was all due to the efforts of Guan Zhong.
		When Duke Huan killed Prince Jiu he was unable to die for his lord and even went on to serve his murderer!
		When Guan Zhong served Duke Huan, the duke rose to hegemon of the lords and rectified all the empire.
	www.indiana.edu /~g380/Homework3-04.html (438 words)

	Ethics of Legalism, Qin Empire and Han Dynasty by Sanderson Beck
		Qin Empire 221-206 BC In 221 BC when Qin took over Qi, the last of the other six states, King Zheng's first official act was to declare himself First August Emperor (Shih Huang Di) of what we still call China from the name of his state of Qin.
		With Xiang Yu busy in Qi, the king of Han was able to enter his capital at Pengcheng; but Xiang Yu marched back and inflicted a bloody defeat on the king of Han, capturing his parents, wife, and children.
		In Qi the prime minister from 194-185 BC, Cao Can, was so won over to Daoism that he gave his authority in the main hall to his teacher, master Gai, and the state enjoyed such peace that he was known as a worthy minister.
	www.san.beck.org /EC16-Legalism.html (14635 words)

	QI (STATE) FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Qi (齊; pinyin: qi2) was a relatively powerful state during the Spring_and_Autumn_Period and Period_of_the_Warring_States.
		Rulers of Dukedom of Qi （齊國）, House of Jiang（姜）
		He,_Duke_Tai_of_Tian, recognized as Duke of Qi by King of Zhou
	www.gwailoproject.com /Qi_(state) (157 words)

	china10K.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		679 BC Duke Huan of Qi held meetings with feudal lords and was the first overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period
		The Assyrians subdued Egypt in 661 BC Duke Huan of Qi forced Chu to sign a pact in Zhaoling.
		Qi defeated Wei in the Battle of Guiling in 353 BC
	www.china10k.com /english/history/1/15/15z/15z02/15z0203.htm (1087 words)

	Travel CRIENGLISH
		Nine times, Duke Huan hold summit meeting of dukes under an emperor and restored peace to the country.
		Gradually, Duke Huan became the first one of the "Five Overlords of Spring and Autumn Period".
		In the corresponding period, Qi State in the east and Greece in the west were called the two poles of the world.
	en.chinabroadcast.cn /2245/2005-4-18/153@228871.htm (550 words)

	Spring and Autumn Period - China History - China
		The newly powerful states were more eager to maintain aristocratic privileges over the traditional ideology of supporting the weak ruling entity during times of unrest (匡扶社稷 kuang1 fu2 she4 ji4), which had been widely propagated during imperial China to consolidate power into the ruling family.
		Dukes Duke Huan of ChiHuan of Qi (r.
		Guan Zhong, statesman and advisor of Duke Huan of Qi and regarded by some modern scholars as the first Legalism (philosophy)Legalist.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Spring_and_Autumn_Period (1366 words)

	Yuan Taotu - TheBestLinks.com - Zhou Dynasty, Yellow River, Spring and Autumn Period, Records of the Grand Historian, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In 656 BCE, he accompanied Duke Huan of Qi on an expedition against the southern state of Cai and was present at the historic covenant of alliance between the various states of the Yellow River valley at Shaoling.
		On the return journey to the north, however, he suggested that the army of Qi pass by Chen and take a detour to the eastern regions.
		The next year, Yuan Taotu was sent as representative of Chen to Diquan, to renew the state's allegiance to the King of Zhou and to consult about an invasion of Zheng.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Yuan_Taotu.html (300 words)

	SHI JI 15: REFLECTIONS ON THE RISE OF THE QIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Duke Mu applied himself to government and extended his territory east to the Yellow River, becoming an equal of the lords of the Central Kingdom such as Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin.
		After this, government passed into the hands of the ministerial families, the grandees held their posts for generation after generation, and the six high ministers of Jin usurped authority, carrying out punitive expeditions and meeting to conclude oaths of alliance, their authority outweighing that of the feudal rulers.
		In time Tian Chang assassinated his sovereign Duke Jian and became prime minister of the state of Qi, while the other feudal rulers sat by passively and failed to punish him, until all within the seas were contending for military supremacy.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~mszonyi/280/280doc/Shiji_15.html (1078 words)

	Spring and Autumn Period @ BasketballLiving.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		According to historical record the son of a high official in state Chu was conferred in Xiangcheng (now Xiangcheng in Henan province) in the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC) and set up a small state - Xiang.
		Later on, state Xiang was annihilated by state Qi from the east.
		Later generations of state Xiang took the state name as their surname.
	www.basketballliving.com /allabout/Spring_and_Autumn_Period (2838 words)

	essence_of_go
		When Duke Huan of Qi invaded Lu, Duke Zhuang of Lu sought peace and both met at Ke (east of modern Yanggu, Shandong).
		Cao Mo attacked Duke Huan of Qi with a dagger held him hostage and so recovered the part of Lu that had been lost.
		It was attacked and defeated by the Jin army, and Duke Mu held himself responsible.
	www.romgo.com /subiecte/partide/teorii/essence_of_go.html (3013 words)

	::: Bonferoni ::: Life of a Mafia boss ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Both had the same ambition, that was to serve the duke of Qi and to make Qi a powerful state so that the people could have a better life.
		After the assignation of the Duke Qi Xiang, there was struggle for the throne.
		Duke Qi Huan was furious, “Guan Zhong tried to kill me. How can I allow such a brutal man to serve under me?” Shu Ya said, “Your highness, he did it that time for the good of his lord.
	javier83.blogspot.com /2005_03_01_javier83_archive.html (3410 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Duke of Zhou was a younger brother of King Wu, hence an uncle of young King Cheng.
		The state of Lu was established by the Zhou rulers for the descendants of the Duke of Zhou.
		It is also said that Confucius heard a certain type of classical Chinese music in Qi and was so deeply moved that "for three months [he] did not notice that taste of the meat he ate." Confucius remarked, "I never dreamt that the joys of music could reach such heights" (Lau 7:14).
	faculty.vassar.edu /brvannor/Phil110/earlyhistory.html (9371 words)

	Global Chinese Language And Culture Center Online_Story
		Prince Xiao-bai was none other then the famous duke Huan of the state of Qi 685-642 BC.
		Duke Huan of the state of Qi asked Pao, Shu-ya to be his Prime Minister but Pao, Shu-ya whole heartily recommended Kuan, Chung instead for the post.
		Thus the duke Huan of Qi asked Kuan, Chung to be his prime minister in the most solemn ceremony after Kuan, Chung the prime minister he enable the state of Qi to become prosperous and a strong nation.
	www.elet.org.tw /1210/culture/chinese/CULTUREENGLISH/Story/Estory0406_05.htm (338 words)

	Chinese History - Zhou Dynasty event history (www.chinaknowledge.org)
		It was only after the defeat of his own family that the Zhou king could establish a reign that expanded rapidly beyond the old political borders of the Shang states.
		The Duke was said to have invented historiography, the strucure of government (see the Classic Zhouli), the divining by milfoil stalks (shi è“), and much more.
		The Warring States Period began with the brutal extinguishing of the ruling house of Qi (the Jiang å§ clan) by the house of Tian ç”°.
	www.chinaknowledge.org /History/Zhou/zhou-event.html (2003 words)

	Yanyi Ge
		However, the Duke of Yu did not follow Baili Xi's advice and Yu was destroyed by Jin.
		Duke Mu of Qin (reigned 659-621) offered five ramskins as ransom for Baili Xi, fearing that if he offered more the people of Chu would realize how valuable Baili Xi was.
		Duke Mu of Qin raised him up to be minister.
	www.silkqin.com /02qnpu/16xltq/xl028yyg.htm (830 words)

	[No title]
		Ji of Wei, Wife of Duke Huan of Qi, Conspectus
		The first details her marriage to Duke Gong of Song and contrasts Boji's refined sense of ritual correctness with her parents' and husband's failure to follow the proper ceremonial rules for marriage.
		Daughter of the Chief of the Treasury of Qi, Conspectus
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /xwomen/texts/conspectus.xml.20021001 (524 words)

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