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	Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, Prince of Asturias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Josef Ferdinand, Prince of Bavaria on portrait of Joseph Vivien from 1698.
		Before the War of the Spanish Succession, Joseph Ferdinand was the favored choice of England and the Netherlands to succeed as the ruler of Spain, young Charles II of Spain chose him as his heir.
		Joseph Ferdinand's great-uncle was the so-called Bewitched Charles II of Spain, who was the degenerated last Habsburg monarch of Spain, whom Joseph was destined to succeed, had he not himself predeceased Charles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_Joseph_Ferdinand_of_Bavaria (161 words)

	Joseph II - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Where Joseph differed from great contemporary rulers, and where he was very close akin to the Jacobins, was in the fanatical intensity of his belief in the power of the state when directed by reason, of his right to speak for the state uncontrolled by laws, and of the reasonableness of his own reasons.
		Joseph, by threatening to resign his place as co-regent, could induce his mother to abate her dislike to religious toleration.
		Thus he was eager to enforce its claim on Bavaria upon the death of the elector Maximilian Joseph in 1777.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Joseph_II (1477 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Kingdom of Bavaria
		Its tributaries in Bavaria from the south are the Iller, a stream rich in fish, the Lech, the Isar, and the Inn; from the north its tributaries are the Wörnitz, the Altmühl, the Regen, and the Vils.
		Farming in lower Bavaria and cattle-breeding in Swabia, Upper Bavaria, and Middle Franconia are the chief occupations, while the wines of Franconia and the Palatinate and the fruit and vegetables of Bamberg have a high reputation.
		Ferdinand Maria (1651-79) sought to restore the prosperity of the country, but affairs were thrown into confusion during the reigns of his son, Maximilian Emanuel (1679-1726), conqueror of the Turks, and of his grandson Charles Albert (1726-45) by the wars of the Spanish and Austrian successions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02353c.htm (4069 words)

	Francis Joseph I - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ferdinand, now that the young archduke was of age, was able to carry out the abdication which he and his wife had long desired.
		A further motive for their attitude was that Francis Joseph, unlike his predecessor, had not taken the oath to observe the Hungarian constitution, which it was the avowed object of Schwarzenberg to overthrow.
		A law was passed by the Hungarian diet regularizing the libdication of Ferdinand; at the beginning of June Francis Joseph signed the inaugural diploma and took the oath in Magyar to observe the constitution; on the 8th he was solemnly crowned king of Hungary.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Francis_Joseph_I (1769 words)

	Palatinate
		He was soon defeated by the forces of Emperor Ferdinand II at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, and Spanish and Bavarian troops soon occupied the Palatinate itself.
		The childless Karl Theodor also inherited Bavaria when its electoral line became extinct in 1777, and all the Wittelsbach lands save Zweibrücken on the French border (whose Duke was, in fact, Karl Theodor's presumptive heir) were now under a single rule.
		The area remained a part of Bavaria until after the Second World War, when it was separated and became a part of the knew state of Rhineland-Palatinate, along with former left bank territories of Prussia and Hesse-Darmstadt.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Palatinate.html (668 words)

	The Archduke Joseph - Famous Diamonds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Erzherzog Joseph Ferdinand attended the military Oberrealchule at Mährisch-Weißenkirchen and after that the Theresian military academy at Wiener-Neustadt from which he was commissioned as a Leutnant in the Tyrolean Jäger regiment on the 18th of August 1892.
		After the Anschluß of March 1938 Joseph Ferdinand was taken into protective custody by organs of the NSDAP on the 10th and remained under house arrest until the 25th of March under SA guard.
		Joseph Ferdinand was therefore the only member of the house of Habsburg who had been held in a concentration camp.
	am-diamonds.com /articles/famous-diamonds/archduke-joseph-diamond.php (2105 words)

	Francis Joseph I - MSN Encarta
		Francis Joseph I (German Franz Josef) (1830-1916), emperor of Austria (1848-1916) and king of Hungary (1867-1916), the last important ruler of the Habsburg dynasty; his policies played a major role in the events that led to World War I (1914-1918).
		Francis Joseph was born in Vienna, the eldest son of Archduke Francis Charles, who was brother and heir of Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I.
		The murder of Francis Ferdinand precipitated the crisis between Austria-Hungary and Germany on the one hand, and Serbia and Russia on the other, that led to World War I. Francis Joseph did not live to see Austria's defeat in the war and the extinction of the Habsburg monarchy.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552571/Francis_Joseph_I.html (446 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Duke Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He was the electoral prince of Bavaria, and a great-grandson of Philip IV.
		His unexpected death in 1699 at the age of six rendered the Anglo-French treaty inoperative and led to the Second Partition Treaty (1700), agreed upon by France, England, and the Netherlands; under its terms, France was to receive Naples, Sicily, and Milan, while the rest of the Spanish dominions were to go to Archduke Charles.
		The Dukes of Savoy, beginning with a county in Burgundy, acquired more land and a capital (Turin) in Italy, named their new Kingdom after Sardinia and ultimately succeeded as the modern Kings of Italy.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Duke-Joseph-Ferdinand-of-Bavaria (444 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Elisabeth Sissi Duchess in Bavaria (1837-1898), Empress of Austria
		Louise Victoire of Alencon, Duchess of Bavaria (1869-1952)
		dghtr of Dss Sophie in Bavaria 1847-1897 and Ferdinand, Duke of Alencon 1844-1910
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/habsfamily.htm (961 words)

	The Salacious Historian's Lair - Military History 1660-1715
		The chief claimants were Philip, son of Louis XIV of France; Archduke Charles (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI), son of Emperor Leopold I; and Joseph Ferdinand, electoral prince of Bavaria.
		In 1700 the duke of Anjou, grandson of Louis, named by the dying Charles as his successor, ascended the throne as Philip V. England, Holland, Austria, and most of the German states then went to war against France.
		In 1700 Louis had further antagonised the English by the prohibition of English imports and recognition of the claim to the English throne put forward by James, the "Old Pretender," who was the son of the deposed James II and the leader of the Jacobites.
	www.kipar.org /military-history/kirkes_spanish_succession.html (1101 words)

	Spanish Succession, War of the - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This First Partition Treaty designated Joseph Ferdinand as the principal heir; in compensation, the French dauphin was to receive territory including Naples and Sicily, and Milan was to fall to Archduke Charles.
		The unexpected death (1699) of Joseph Ferdinand rendered the Anglo-French treaty inoperative and led to the Second Partition Treaty (1700), agreed upon by France, England, and the Netherlands; under its terms, France was to receive Naples, Sicily, and Milan, while the rest of the Spanish dominions were to go to Archduke Charles.
		The duke of Marlborough, though ill-supported by the Dutch, captured a number of places in the Low Countries (1702-3), while Eugene held his own against Villeroi and his successor, Louis Joseph, duc de Vendôme.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-spans1uc.html (969 words)

	Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc.
		Dukes of Gascony, 768-1038 AD The culture of the South of France in the 12th century is one of the first signs of the revival of civilization in Francia after the "second Dark Age" of the 9th and 10th centuries.
		Duke William V had three wives, and subsequent Dukes were descendants of William VIII, son of William V and Agnes of Burgundy.
		Bavaria, allied with the French, was lost to the Elector Maximilian II for the rest of the war.
	www.friesian.com /flanders.htm (10740 words)

	Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After Frederick II, Duke of Austria died in 1246 and left no successor, Rudolf I of Habsburg gave the lands to his sons marking the beginning of the line of the Habsburgs, who continued to govern Austria until the 20th century.
		With the short exception of Charles VII Albert of Bavaria, Austrian Habsburgs held the position of German Emperor beginning in 1438 with Albert II of Habsburg until the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
		While northern and central Germany was the origin of the Reformation, Austria (and Bavaria) was the heart of the Counter-Reformation in the 16th and 17th century, when the absolute monarchy of Habsburg imposed a strict regime to maintain Catholicism's power and influence among Austrians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austria (3493 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Francois Leclerc du Tremblay
		Père Joseph even wrote an epic poem on this subject, "La Turciade." But the conflict between the Habsburgs and the Bourbons, as well as the new prospects of the Mantuan succession open to Charles de Nevers caused the crusade scheme to fail.
		Père Joseph then became Richelieu's confidential political agent, hoping that, with the Bourbons victorious, and peace established in Europe, it would finally be possible to march against the Turks.
		Père Joseph laboured to obtain the neutrality of the Duke of Bavaria and of the Catholic League in view of the invasion of Gustavus Adoiphus, protector of the Protestants; he even had hopes of forming an alliance between Maximilian and Gustavus Adolphus.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09108a.htm (727 words)

	Rulers of Bavaria
		Henry became Duke of Lower Bavaria, and Louis of Upper Bavaria.
		Following the death of the last Duke of Lower Bavaria, Bavaria was reunited under Emperor Louis IV (Louis III of Bavaria)
		In 1623, Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria was raised to Electoral Status, gaining the seat of the Elector Palatine, who had been put under the ban of the Empire.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/List_of_Dukes%2C_Electors%2C_and_Kings_of_Bavaria.html (174 words)

	Titles of European hereditary rulers
		In 1180, the Roman Emperor Frederick I deposed the rebellious Henry XII "the Lion" (+1195), Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, and bestowed the Duchy of Bavaria to Otto of Wittelsbach (+1183).
		In 1392, Duke Stephan II's three sons re-divided Bavaria: Stephan III (+1413) received the part of Bavaria with the capital in Ingolstadt, Frederick II (+1393) received the part with the capital in Landshut, and John II (+1397) received the part woth the capital in Munich.
		Emperor Frederick I deposed the rebellious Henry XII "the Lion" (+1195), Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, and bestowed the Duchy of Bavaria to Otto of Wittelsbach (+1183) (1180).
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/bavaria.html (4035 words)

	Emperor Franz Josef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Franz Josef I (English: Francis Joseph) Emperor of Austria, king of Hungary, (1830-1916), born in Vienna.
		Franz Josef was the eldest son of Archduke Franz Karl (Francis Charles), who was brother and heir of Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I. Because his father renounced his right to the throne, Franz Josef became emperor when Ferdinand abdicated near the end of the revolution of 1848.
		Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo in June 1914.
	www.gwpda.org /bio/f/frnzjosf.html (536 words)

	Austrian boys clothing: Karl Ludwig
		Francis Joseph (1830-1816): Of all the Hapsburgs, one of the longest ruling was Francis Joseph I (1830-1916).
		Franz Ferdinand with the suiside of his cousin Crown Prince Rudolf and the death of his father in 1906 stood to inherit the Austro-Hungarian throne.
		Ferdinand Karl was only too ready to give up his imperial rights and become a commoner under the name Ferdinand Burg.
	histclo.com /royal/ost/royal-auskl.htm (735 words)

	Lauser Notes
		In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was made one of the secular electorates, and given the hereditary offices of Archsteward of the Empire and Imperial Vicar of the western half of Germany.
		His heir, Maximilian Joseph, Duke of Zweibrücken (on the French border), brought all the Wittelsbach territories under a single rule in 1799.
		The area remained a part of Bavaria until after the Second World War, when it was separated and became a part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate, along with former left bank territories of Prussia and Hessen-Darmstadt.
	www.ortlauserfamilies.org /lauser_notes.htm (862 words)

	Treaty of London, 1700 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of London, agreed in 1700 and sometimes known as the Second Partition Treaty, was an attempt to restore the Pragmatic Sanction following the death of Duke Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, which had undermined the First Partition Treaty (the Treaty of the Hague, 1698).
		King Charles II of Spain refused this arrangement, as it would divide the Spanish Empire, and by his will left all his possessions to the dauphin's second son, Philip, the duke of Anjou.
		On his death, King Louis XIV of France renounced the treaty, the will was contested (by force), and a long and costly war involving all of Europe, the War of the Spanish Succession was begun in 1701.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Partition_Treaty (201 words)

	war and social upheaval: War of the Spanish Succession
		Joseph Ferdinand would be made king of Spain, but some Spanish territories would be transferred to Austria and France.
		Faced with the death of Joseph Ferdinand, Charles II who humself was dying in 1700 chose the Duke of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV.
		The King gave it and the Duke was crowned Philip V after Charle's death.
	histclo.com /essay/war/war-wss.html (1464 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In 1854 he married Elizabeth (1837–98), daughter of Duke Maximilian of Bavaria, with whom he had one son and three daughters.
		Francis Joseph's failure to support Russia in the Crimean War (1854–56) permanently damaged Austro-Russian relations, and in the decade that followed, Austria lost most of its Italian possessions, as well as its position of leadership in Germany.
		Weakened by these reverses, Francis Joseph was forced to agree to Hungarian demands for autonomy in 1867, when he and Elizabeth were formally crowned in Budapest as king and queen of Hungary.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..fr072500.a (655 words)

	William and Mary
		Mary, who was born in London, was the eldest daughter of the Duke of York (the future James II) and of his first wife, the Lady Anne Hyde.
		The Duke of York converted to Roman Catholicism in 1668 or 1669, but Mary and Anne had a Protestant upbringing, pursuant to the command of Charles II.
		Upon the death of Charles II without legitimate issue in 1685, the Duke of York became King as James II in England and Ireland, and as James VII in Scotland.
	www.dymock.org /William_and_Mary.htm (4762 words)

	Duke Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria - Definition up Erdmond.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		(28_October 1692 - 6_February 1699) was the son of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (1679-1705, 1714-1726) and his first wife, Marie Antonie of Austria, daughter of Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor, maternal granddaughter of King Felipe IV of Spain.
		During the War_of_the_Spanish_Succession, Joseph Ferdinand was the favored choice of England and the Netherlands to succeed as the ruler of Spain, as the heir, young Charles_II_of_Spain was incompetent.
		His unexpected death in 1699 at the age of six rendered the Anglo-French treaty inoperative and led to the Second_Partition_Treaty (1700), agreed upon by France, England, and the Netherlands; under its terms, France was to receive Naples, Sicily, and Milan, while the rest of the Spanish dominions were to go to Archduke Charles.
	www.erdmond.com /Duke_Joseph_Ferdinand_of_Bavaria.html (181 words)

	Belgian Royalty -- Queen Elisabeth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bavaria is one of the important states of southern Germany.
		An artist himself, Duke Karl-Theodor cultivated the artistic tastes of his family, and Elisabeth was raised with a deep appreciation and love for the arts--painting, music, and sculpture.
		Emperor Karl I, of Maria-Anne of Portugal, wife of Grand Duke William of Luxembourg, and of Maria-Antonia of Portugal, second wife of Duke Robert I of Bourbon-Parma and mother of Zita, wife of Emperor Karl I. Figure 3.-- Bavarian Princess Elisabeth who became Queen of Belgium dressed her children (Charles, Albert, and Marie-Jose) very fashionably.
	histclo.usanethosting.com /royal/gers/bav/eliz.htm (1614 words)

	Albert I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He was the younger son of Crown Prince Rupert of Bavaria and of his first wife, Duchess Marie Gabriele in Bavaria.
		Albert was henceforward recognised by the Jacobites as "Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland".
		In consequence, Marita was not properly styled "Hereditary Princess of Bavaria" until May 18, 1949, when Albert's father Rupert recognised the marriage as dynastic for Bavaria.
	www.jacobite.ca /kings/albert.htm (658 words)

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