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Topic: Duke Mu of Qin

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Duke Wen of Jin

Duke Huan of Qi

Qin (state)

Duke Xiao of Qin

Spring and Autumn Period

Qin Er Shi

Qin Dynasty

King Zhuangxiang of Qin

Qin Shi Huangdi

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Zhao Gao

Xia Dynasty

Acropolis, Athens

Legalism (philosophy)

Xin Dynasty

	Qin attacking Zheng - China History Forum, Chinese History Forum
		Duke Mu said: Victory is a sure thing if we send an expedition army to Zheng.
		The Marquis Xiang of Jin was persuaded by his mother (a Qin native) to release the 3 generals as goodwill to Qin.
		Duke Mu asked Jian Shu and his other counsellors about it, Jian Shu said: "tiring one's army in a long distance ambush, this is unheard of.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=16559&view=getlastpost (1663 words)

	Duke Mu of Qin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Duke Mu (穆公) (died 621 BC), born Ying Renhao (嬴任好), was a ruler of the State of Qin from 659 or 660 to 621 BC in China.
		One of the Five Overlords of Spring and Autumn Period, he greatly exapanded the territory of Qin during the reign of King Xiang of Zhou.
		He is the son of Duke De and younger brother of Duke Cheng.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/d/du/duke_mu_of_qin.html (130 words)

	Spring and Autumn Period - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Duke Zhāo of Zheng was forced down from his rank as Duke and fled.
		Duke Huan of Qi (齊桓公) led his army of alliance of dukes into the state of Jin and wanted to ended the killing spree.
		He was too late, however, because Duke Mu of Qin (秦穆公) had already done so by supporting a new duke in Jin with this army led by his high ranked officer Bai Li Xi (百里奚).
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Spring_and_Autumn_Period (2650 words)

	Records of the Grand Historian: Qin Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Qin annexed the lands of the other feudal rulers and created over thirty provinces, putting in order the fords and passes, relying on the steep places and barrier points, and stationing armed men to guard the region.
		The Qin ruler, having annexed the lands of all the other feudal lords, faced south and called himself an emperor, proprietor of all within the four seas, and the gentlemen of the empire docilely bowed before the wind of his influence.
		Qin put an end to the Warring States period and made itself ruler of the empire, but it did not change its ways or reform its system of government, which shows that the means employed to seize an empire differ from those needed to guard it.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~mszonyi/280/280doc/Qin.html (3342 words)

	Chinese History - Zhou Dynasty å‘¨ event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The Duke of Zhou is mystified as the solicitous prince regent, as composer of canonical writings, and as an inventor of cultural achievements (state rituals and music, laws and regulations).
		Duke Huangong assembled loyal states and created an alliance with Lu, Song, Chen and Wei to punish Chu in 656 by devastating the state of Cai è”¡, a follower of Chu.
		Of all reforming states Qin was the quickest to adapt reforms in administration (government, standardization of weights and measures, codification of law), taxation and military (peasant militia).
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Zhou/zhou-event.html (6248 words)

	Wikinfo \| State of Qin
		Qin or Ch'in (Wade-Giles) (秦) (778 BC-206 BC) was a state during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods of China.
		It eventually grew to dominate the country and unite it for the first time, after which it is referred to as the Qin Dynasty.
		Qin captures King Jia of Dai (step-brother of King Qian of Zhao) who had led the last Zhao forces.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=State_of_Qin (382 words)

	Battle of Chengpu - China-related Topics BA-BD - China-Related Topics
		Following the death of Duke Huan of Qi in 643 BC, the state of Chu steadily extended its influence northward and had been absorbing half a dozen smaller states as its satellites.
		Duke Wen assumed a position of leadership among the states and instituted numerous domestic reforms.
		As the Chu left advanced, it was caught in the flank by Duke Wen's bodyguards, composed of the sons of noble clansmen and sons of his close followers and thus flanked by the Jin central army.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Battle_of_Chengpu (992 words)

	SHI JI 15: REFLECTIONS ON THE RISE OF THE QIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Duke Mu applied himself to government and extended his territory east to the Yellow River, becoming an equal of the lords of the Central Kingdom such as Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin.
		Qin began as a small state situated in a far-off region, shunned by the Xia lineage states and classed with the Rong and Di barbarians.
		Qin at its most virtuous and righteous could not compare to Lu and Wey at their most violent and cruel, and its military strength was no match for that of the Three Jin states.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~mszonyi/280/280doc/Shiji_15.html (1078 words)

	Wikinfo \| Spring and Autumn Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		During the flight from the western capital to the east, the Zhou king relied on nearby lords of Qin, Chang and Jin to bodyguard and fight off harassing attack from the barbarians and rebellious lords.
		The three states of Qin, Jin and Qi not only perfected their own strength but repelled the southern state of Chu whose rulers had proclaimed king and armies gradually intruded into the Yellow River Basin.
		Qi, Qin, Jin and Chu finally met for a disarmament conference in 579 BC where the other states essentially became satelittes.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Spring_and_Autumn_Period (1308 words)

	Qin Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		Qin Lord Zhuanggong hence recovered the territories called Quanqiu (i.e., Feiqiu, the land of Da-luo) and enjoyed Zhou court's conferral of the title of 'Xi Chui Da Fu', i.e., the 'Da Fu' on the western border.
		Qin Lord Aigong hence dispatched Zi Pu & Zi Hu, with 500 chariots, to Chu in 504 BC and defeated Wu army at Junxiang.
		Qin General Bai Qi defeated the Zhao in the Battle of Changping in 260 B.C.(?) and buried alive all Zhao prisoners of war.
	www.republicanchina.org /qin.html (14793 words)

	A Concise History of China, Chapter 2
		Duke Mu did not forgive or forget this defeat, and a year later he sent a better army to avenge the first one, defeating Jin soundly a second time.
		The duke agreed it was worth a try and pretended to be friendly to the barbarians; he sent the chief two of his best bands of musicians, and invited the scholar to visit his state and see for himself how different life was in Qin from the rest of China.
		The duke of Qi was so embarrassed by this musical gaffe that he carried out the suggested punishment, and later gave back to Lu three cities that had been captured in a previous war; the grateful duke of Lu promoted Confucius to prime minister.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /china/ch02.html (10524 words)

	Xi'an and the Silk Road
		When Duke Mu of Qin died in 621 B.C., 177 slaves, citizens, and followers were buried with him.
		Duke Jing of Qin had at least 186 people buried with him when he died in 537 B.C. The practice is called "xun" and makes "following to the grave" have new meaning.
		Unlike the Qin, they allowed the cultures of the new territories to remain intact and encouraged trade and commerce among the various parts of the empire.
	hua.umf.maine.edu /China/xian.html (2862 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log-Passport to the World over 64 years. Pages from my Travel Diary-The Qin Terracotta Army Museum, ...
		When Duke Wu, the ruler of the State of Qin, died in 678 BC, 60 of his slaves were buried alive with him.
		Understandably the people of Qin were most indignent with this practice, but when Duke Xian ascended the throne of the State of Qin in 384 BC, he banned this barbaric action, substituting burying slaves with using figurines as funerary objects.
		Qin Shi Huang was the first Emperor of China, he died at only 49 years of age, and was responsible for standardising weights and measures, the written language, and the currency, some achievement given his time and short life.
	ahoy.tk-jk.net /TravelDiary/QinTerracottaArmyMuseum.html (682 words)

	Romance of Three Kingdoms - by Luo Guanzhong - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A duke or a marquis was entitled to rule over a territory 100 mile square; an earl, 70 mile square; and a viscount or baron, 50 mile square.
		Duke Wen, being a member of the reigning family of Zhou, stood in the closest relationship to the court at the "Eastern Metropolis" (Luoyi).
		Duke Shang of Qin was a wonderful man. By introducing administrative reforms, he succeeded in building the foundation of the first centralized empire in China.
	www.threekingdoms.com /history.htm (16796 words)

	The Dao Is Open website is devoted to the cultivation of Dao (Tao) and De (Te), as exemplified in the works of Laozi ...
		Duke Mu of Qin was a ruler of the State of Qin from 659 - 621 BCE.
		Duke Wen also instigated a law demanding that three sets of relatives of a convicted criminal should be put to death along with the criminal.
		Duke Zhou fought with the rulers of eastern states who joined with the remnants of the Shang to oppose the Zhou.
	www.daoisopen.com /GlossaryIndexAtoN.html (9801 words)

	Qin Shi Bu
		Qin illustration 1 in Taiyin Daquanji claims to be a depiction of his qin.
		Qin illustration 3 in Taiyin Daquanji claims to be a depiction of his qin called éé¾ Dizhong, which he used to play melodies in the saddest mode, æ¸è§’ Qing Jiao.
		Duke Huan was perhaps the most prominent of the five rulers at the time of Confucius; his rule extended from Qi in Shandong at least to parts of Henan, as he is said to have founded there the city of é´ Ye, near å®é½ Anyang in Henan.
	www.silkqin.com /09hist/qinshibu.htm (13218 words)

	essence_of_go
		He served as Minister of Qin under King Hui for over ten years, and by means of the horizontal "lianheng" strategy (in which Qin tried to ally with each of the other six states), he approached the six states to get them to oppose the others and support Qin.
		The reference is to the Qin army in Yao (a strong pass in Honan, the eastern edge of Qin, which is in modern Honan, southeast of the Sanmen Pass).
		It was attacked and defeated by the Jin army, and Duke Mu held himself responsible.
	www.romgo.com /subiecte/partide/teorii/essence_of_go.html (3013 words)

	Yanyi Ge
		Baili Xi was a famous prime minister in the state of Qin during the 7th c.
		Duke Mu of Qin raised him up to be minister.
		Duke Mu of Qin is also mentioned in connection with the melody Fenghuang Taishang Yi Chui Xiao.
	www.silkqin.com /02qnpu/16xltq/xl028yyg.htm (852 words)

	The Hegemonies System: From Lord Protector to Overlord III - Jongo Knows - Encyclopedia of China
		Similar to Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin employed political advisors, Zhao Shuai 赵衰 and Hu Yan 狐偃 who strengthened the national economy and the state.
		As the King of Zhou, Xiangwang 周襄王, escaped in 635 from inner disturbances to Zheng, Duke Wen of Jin saw his chance, rescued the king and accompanied him back to the royal domain, highly rewarded by the King.
		Duke Wen of Jin established a new friendly alliance during the meeting at Jiantu 践土 (modern Yingze 荥泽/Henan) with the seven most important states, in the same year, at Wen 温 (modern Wenxian 温县/Henan) the King of Zhou sanctified the new overlord hegemony.
	knows.jongo.com /res/article/1894 (624 words)

	C:\380web\Prefaces.html
		Duke Ai of Qi was lascivious and dissolute, hence the poet portrays a chaste woman who would be a worthy mate.
		The Duke of Zhou encountered rebellion, and so he set forth the transforming customs established by Prince Millet and the former lords of the Zhou people, emphasizing the difficult task of kingly rule.
		Through this poem, the people of the state of Qin attacked Duke Mu for ordering these men to be buried along with him.
	www.indiana.edu /~g380/Prefaces.html (760 words)

	Kitsune Otaku
		Duke Mu of Qin was delighted to have such a person in his kingdom, as Bai Lixi was an official well-known for being righteous.
		Duke Mu of Qin smiled as he said: “It was just because your ruler would not listen to you that your country was vanquished.
		Duke Ling of Chu’s face was bright red from anger, yet he could not utter a sound and was forced to smile along with Yan Zi.
	www.freewebs.com /kitsuneotaku/chinesetales.htm (3083 words)

	Qin Lore
		Other basic sources of qin lore are included either with melody introductions in the qin handbook section, or with stories themselves, particularly those in the collection in Qinshu Daquan (QSDQ), Folio 17, which includes many more references, but with few translations at yet.
		Qin Shi Xu #353, Jiang Chunhu has the same "Chunhu", both having the chun written è¸/ç´”, but there seems to be no connection: there later references, the last one being Zhang Chupu in the late 19th century.
		During their happy period she is described playing the qin, but then in 1362 her husband is murdered by bandits and she commits suicide by his grave.
	www.silkqin.com /12more/lore.htm (1486 words)

	Qinshu Cunmu
		He is said to have owned four famous qins.
		This and other Qin Cao are discussed in a separate article.
		This is also the first book in the QSDQ list, which says it describes the beginnings of qin making, the sounds of the seven strings, and the idea of the appearance of the 13 studs.
	www.silkqin.com /02qnpu/qscm.htm (2661 words)

	china10K.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		679 BC Duke Huan of Qi held meetings with feudal lords and was the first overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period
		The Assyrians subdued Egypt in 661 BC Duke Huan of Qi forced Chu to sign a pact in Zhaoling.
		Qin dispatched troops to subjugate the other six states.
	www.china10k.com /english/history/1/15/15z/15z02/15z0203.htm (1087 words)

	[No title]
		Qin Shihuangdi ruled by dictatorship and took severe actions to eliminate all possible challenges to his authority.
		Qin Shihuangdi mobilized more than 500,000 soldiers and conscripted labourers to connect these wall segments into a single fortified defence line labelled the Great Wall of China centuries later.
		Although it is rumoured that Qin’s mausoleum actually consisted of a vast underground palace containing gold and precious stones, no one knows for certain for all the workers were later executed or walled inside the tomb after it was finished to protect the secret of the tomb.
	calvinchiew.homestead.com /files/Qin.doc (1890 words)

	chinatml1
		With the royal line broken, the power of the Zhou court gradually diminished and the fragmentation of the kingdom accelerated.
		Before his death, he had decreed that three of the ablest ministers of the time (brothers) should be interred with him.
		And since the Emperor is the Son of Heaven and rules by the Mandate of Heaven, Legalists argued that there is no such thing as legitimate dissent.
	web.cocc.edu /cagatucci/classes/hum210/tml/ChinaTML/chinatml1.htm (4708 words)

	Qiang - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		These peoples were frequently at war with the inhabitants of the Yellow River valley, the ancestors of ethnic Hans.
		Not until the rise of the state of Qin under Duke Mu was the Qiang expansion effectively checked.
		The structure of the graph 羌 also reflects this view.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Qiang (1715 words)

	World Link Educations latest news
		Mu Tian Yu is one of three major stop points for tourists visiting the Wall, the other two being Simatai and Badaling.
		Although some of us were just keen to get out of the city and travel, many of us knew that to travel to Xi’an meant that we were going to see one of the most significant archeological excavations of the 20th century.
		Qin is said to be the first ever Emperor of China.
	www.worldlink-education.com /study-chinese/newsletter2005-02.html (1932 words)

	Fenghuang Taishang Yi Chui Xiao
		Nong Yu was a daughter of Duke Mu of Qin (reigned 659-621).
		The latter is apparently the source of modern attempts to revive this qin song.
		The use of the xiao is of course appropriate to the title, but the lack of explanation may lead people to think this melody was originally for flute, whereas there is no actual evidence of what or where it was before being written in the Japanese handbook (see next footnote).
	www.silkqin.com /02qnpu/japan/fhts.htm (2232 words)

	ROTK Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Hearing of the easy successes I won, they were entirely demoralized.
		» Explainer -- post -- Five Feudatories: Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Mu of Qin, and King Chang of Chu.
		» Explainer -- 22 -- post -- Five Feudatories: Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Mu of Qin, and King Chang of Chu.
	www.threekingdoms.com /note.php?p=12599 (300 words)

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