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Topic: Duke Wen of Jin

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	State of Jin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The split of Jin is sometimes referred to as the beginning of the subsequent Warring States Period; all three new states later became prominent states in the new period.
		In 679 BC, the Quwo lineage usurped the rulership of Jin.
		Duke Xian of Jin's rule was notorious for the bloody purging of family members.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jin_(state) (247 words)

	Duke Mu of Qin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duke Mu (穆公) (died 621 BC), born Ying Renhao (嬴任好), was a ruler of the State of Qin from 659 or 660 to 621 BC in China.
		He was the son of Duke De and the younger brother of Duke Cheng.
		He married the daughter of Duke Xian of Jin (獻), and married his daughter, Huaiying (懷嬴), to Duke Wen of Jin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_Mu_of_Qin (184 words)

	Battle of Chengpu
		Duke Wen assumed a position of leadership among the states and instituted numerous domestic reforms.
		The Jin left then became holding force, fixing the Chu centre and preventing it from attacking the Jin centre or aiding the Chu left wing, since in either case the Jin left would have taken it in the flank and rear.
		As the Chu left advanced, it was caught in the flank by Duke Wen's bodyguards, composed of the sons of noble clansmen and sons of his close followers and thus flanked by the Jin central army.
	www.chinadetail.com /History/MilitaryDevelopmentChengpu.php (815 words)

	Chinese History - Zhou Dynasty å‘¨ event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The Duke of Zhou is mystified as the solicitous prince regent, as composer of canonical writings, and as an inventor of cultural achievements (state rituals and music, laws and regulations).
		Duke Wen of Jin established a new friendly alliance during the meeting at Jiantu è¸å (modern Yingze æ»æ¾¤/Henan) with the seven most important states, in the same year, at Wen æº« (modern Wenxian æº«ç¸£/Henan) the King of Zhou sanctified the new overlord hegemon.
		It was held in the capital of Jin in 546 and the participating 14 states decided to accept the overlordship of the two states of Jin and Chu.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Zhou/zhou-event.html (6248 words)

	The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Special Exhibitions: Great Waves: Chinese Themes in the Arts of Korea and Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		An important example of early "history painting," Duke Wen of Jin Recovering His State illustrates episodes from the life of Chonger of the state of Jin, who, after spending nineteen years in exile, returned to Jin as Duke Wen (r.
		This triumphant story of political recovery was used by the first Southern Song emperor, Gaozong, who had been a hostage of the Jurchen Jin before he escaped to reestablish the Song court in the south at Hangzhou.
		This version of the story of Duke Wen follows the Zuojuan account of about the second century B.C. The drawing of the figures shows the influence of Li Gonglin (ca.
	www.metmuseum.org /special/Great_Waves/duke_wen.r.htm (245 words)

	ROTK Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		» Explainer -- Duke Wen and Duke Huan -- Duke Wen of Jin, (reigned 636—628 BC) ruler of the western state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period (BC 770-476).
		» Explainer -- 10 -- Duke Wen and Duke Huan -- Duke Wen of Jin, (reigned 636—628 BC) ruler of the western state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period (BC 770-476).
		Duke Huan of Qi (reigned BC 685—643), in the name of serving the Zhou emperor, became the leader of a league of small states in northeast China during the Spring and Autumn period.
	www.threekingdoms.com /note.php?p=4293 (589 words)

	jobfairy.com - Art of War, Strategy 20 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In the morning Duke Wen climbed to the top of an observation tower and looking down on his camp's preparations said: A Young and old conduct themselves according to ritual.
		While the chariot duel was underway Duke Wen launched a sudden cavalry attack against the Chu right wing causing it to collapse in.
		Duke Wen had taken advantage of the distraction provided by the chariot duel to launch both a surprise attack, and a retreat, manipulating the Chu forces into a trap.
	www.jobfairy.com /sun_tzu/aow_strategy_20.htm (309 words)

	Ethics of Shang, Zhou and the Classics by Sanderson Beck
		Duke Huan wanted to begin by strengthening his armed forces, but Guan Zhong recommended that he put his arms in storage, since for being on good terms with the feudal lords abroad and the people at home expending wealth on people is better than spending it on arms.
		Duke Wen of Jin was appointed ba or protector of the feudal rulers.
		Jin and Chu, argued about which of them should have precedent but agreed to share the protectorship, although Qin and Qi were formally excepted because of their power and Chu and Tang because of their weakness.
	www.san.beck.org /EC13-Chou.html (14215 words)

	Name your Five Hegemonists of Spring Autumn Era - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Duke Zhuang of Zheng (郑庄公), the forerunner to the concept.
		Duke Huan of Qi (齐桓公) and Duke Wen of Jin (晋文公), usually undisputed.
		Duke Mu of Qin (秦穆公;), laid the foundation of the future dominance of Qin which eventually conquered the whole country.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2613 (515 words)

	Ethics of China 7 BC To 1279 by Sanderson Beck
		Yang Guang, the second son of Wen Di, was the official commander in the Chen war and became the ruler of the conquered territory in 589.
		Wen Di ordered the collecting of a progressive grain tax that stored as much as three-quarters of a large crop but took nothing in hard years, establishing relief granaries to prevent famines.
		Wen Di became dissatisfied with Confucianism, and in 601 all schools in the empire were abolished except for one college with seventy students in the capital.
	www.san.beck.org /AB3-China.html (20851 words)

	QING MING FESTIVAL
		In the state of Jin, there were evil men who wanted the Duke of Jin's eldest son, Chong'er, dead.
		Duke Wen and his ministers looked for him in the mountains but to no avail.
		Duke Wen then regretted what he had done and was extremely saddened.
	www.nychinatown.com /qing_ming_festival.htm (743 words)

	China to 1126 CE
		He proclaimed that heaven and earthly signs indicated that those who had been ruling in the north had lost the mandate of heaven and that he, being virtuous and wise, had been designated by heaven as the rightful successor.
		The last three Tang emperors (from 873 to 907) were the puppets of eunuchs, and to the Chinese people it seemed that the Tang dynasty had lost the mandate of heaven.
		In 907 a military governor, Zhu Wen, usurped the throne and founded the Liang dynasty, one of a succession of five short-lived dynasties in the next half-century, while China fragmented into as many as ten regional states.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h06chin.htm (2704 words)

	SHI JI 15: REFLECTIONS ON THE RISE OF THE QIN
		Later Duke Wen advanced beyond Long and drove back the Yi and Di barbarians, paid honour to the Treasures of Chen, and set up his capital between Mt. Qi and Yong.
		Duke Mu applied himself to government and extended his territory east to the Yellow River, becoming an equal of the lords of the Central Kingdom such as Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin.
		In time Tian Chang assassinated his sovereign Duke Jian and became prime minister of the state of Qi, while the other feudal rulers sat by passively and failed to punish him, until all within the seas were contending for military supremacy.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~mszonyi/280/280doc/Shiji_15.html (1078 words)

	Top 25 Tactical Feats Pt.2 - History Forum
		At the same time as the right was being pushed into the main body, the Jin troops in the center feigned a reatreatm and thier raised the retreat pennants and began pulling back.
		The Jin executed a classical pincer movement on both of the Chu flanks.
		Duke Wen had taken advantage of the distraction provided by the chariot duel to launch both a surprise attack, and feigned a retreat afterwards, manipulating the Chu forces into a trap.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2537 (2824 words)

	Lu Xun (Boyan) - Sanguozhi (Records of the Three States) Biography - English Translation
		Wen Bu (文布) and Deng Kai (鄧凱), both of prominent families in Zigui (秭歸), gathered a several thousand man army made up of minority populations and led them to join the ranks of Shu.
		When Zhuge Jin got news of this, he was extremely alarmed and wrote a letter to Lu Xun, saying, “His Majesty has just retreated and the enemies have captured Han Bian.
		Thereupon, Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin secretly conceived of a plan; Zhuge Jin was to lead the navy while Lu Xun commanded all the land troops feigning an attack on Xiangyang city.
	www.kongming.net /novel/sgz/luxun.php (9614 words)

	JWSR v5n3 - David Wilkinson
		During this period, the small northern state of Jin (Chin), having recovered from the paralysis of sixty years of civil war, subjugated all its 7 or 8 small neighbors, establishing itself as a local hegemon on the north side of the Yellow River in a series of campaigns 669-652M.
		After the death of Duke Wen of Jin at the end of the war (628M), a multipolar period ensued.
		Chao however then failed to complete an attack on Eastern Jin 342, failed in an attempt to further subjugate Former Yen (and lost overlordship of it), was consequently repudiated by the Tobas and Liang, and was repulsed in an attack on Liang.
	jwsr.ucr.edu /archive/vol5/vol5_number3/wilkinson (12949 words)

	History - ChinaDetail
		The Jin victory confirmed the hegemony of Duke Wen of Jinandnbsp; and checked Chu ambitions in the north for at least a generation.
		During the Jin Dynasty, there was a civil war for power among princes or kings from AD 291 to AD 306, which is generally called Rebellion of the Eight Princes.
		Jin was historically divided into two periods: the Western Jinandnbsp; with Luoyangandnbsp; as its capital city and Eastern Jin as Jiankang (present Nanjing) became the capital city.
	www.chinadetail.com /rss/history.rss (3667 words)

	Chou and Spring & Autumn Chinese -- 1100-480 BC (DBA 16b)
		He became known as Duke Huan, and he was considered a great man. He fought variously against rebel states and "barbarians" until his death.
		Battle of Ch'eng P'u: Duke Wen of Tsin (Jin) faced the Marquis of Ch'u, a semi barbarian southern province.
		Wen was on his left wing and the Marquis of Ch'u rode on his right wing.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/dba16b.html (1179 words)

	Liu Bei's many wives - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		But Fa Zheng argued that she was nowhere as close a kinswoman as the girl whom Jin Wengong (Duke Wen of Jin in the Spring and Autumn period) had taken as his wife.
		Basically, Ji Chonger (who later became Duke Wen of Jin) wandered in exile from Jin for 19 years because of political persecution by his stepmother.
		But Duke Mu of Qin was pissed off with the state of Jin because their crown prince (who was a hostage in Qin for diplomatic reasons) had just fled back to his own country, leaving behind a Qin princess who had been married to him.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=3556 (1883 words)

	Summary and Evaluation of China, Korea & Japan to 1875 by Sanderson Beck
		Emperor Wen reigned 180-157 BC, and he was acclaimed a great exemplar for his benevolent policies that abolished cruel punishments, reduced taxes, and instituted civil service examinations.
		Mongols invaded the Jin empire in 1211 and overcame it in 1234.
		The Mongols conquered Xia in 1227 and the expanded Jin empire of the Jurchens in 1234.
	www.san.beck.org /3-13-Summary.html (16017 words)

	The Making of a Confucian Saint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In 636 B.C., when the exiled Duke Wen of Jin was finally able to return to his kingdom to rule, he rewarded those who had aided him during his nineteen years of exile.
		But later when Duke Wen overlooked him, he went off in a rage, wrapped his arms around a tree, and burned to death," (i.e., after Jie withdrew to the forest, the duke tried to smoke him out but he chose to die in the fire."
		The story concerns a woman from the state of Jin named Ji, who was duke Mu of Qin's wife.
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /xwomen/noframes/related_essay.html (3778 words)

	Duke of Mt. Deer (2000) - Taiwanese Drama Reviews - spcnet.tv
		He might be greedy but it is realistic, he might be flirty but he does care for his wives, he might be uneducated but he is extremely loyal to his friends, and never once forgot his responsibilities towards his family.
		"Duke of Mount Deer" makes fun at all the values and tradition that were praised very highly in other Jin Yong novels.
		One of the reasons I loved "Duke of Mount Deer" is what could be called a "love triangle" between Siu Bo, Hong Hei, and Chan Gun Nam.
	www.spcnet.tv /reviews/review.php?rID=540 (2739 words)

	August 28 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		First, I'll briefly drill you on the political landscape of the early Classical period of fragmentation -- most centrally on the array of the four great powers which emerged to prominence by the middle of the seventh century: Jin, Qi, Chu, and Qin.
		Finally, I hope to devote at least half the class to a discussion of the "hegemonies" of Duke Huan of the state of Qi (pp.
		Almost all of the features of the early Spring and Autumn period "master narrative" can be glimpsed in the tales of these two figures.
	www.indiana.edu /~g380/9-13-04.html (205 words)

	Taishi Ci (Ziyi) - Sanguozhi (Records of the Three Kingdoms) Biography - English Translation
		When Chong’er, one of the princes of Jin, tried to escape the court (and the state) by leaping over a wall, Si Ren Pi chased after him, and, in an attempt to cut him down, slashed his sleeve instead.
		Chong’er came to be known as Duke Wen of Jin.
		Revered men of the old times repay life with death, wishing only to be thorough in their observation of the codes of honour, ceasing only when they expire.
	www.kongming.net /novel/sgz/taishici.php (3439 words)

	The Captains Of Military History - My Compilation - History Forum
		Wanyan Min, or Wanyan Aguda, founder of the Jin Dynasty and one of military history's greatest mounted warriors, defeated 700,000 Liao (Qidan) troops with 20,000 (this is not a typo) of his superbly armored and skilled Jurchen cavalrymen at the Battle of Hubudagang in 1115.
		By this time, however, the Jin was seriously weakened by internal strife.
		Xenophon was the originator, probably, of the rearguard action, exemplified in his legendary, disciplined retreat of the Ten Thousand in 401 B.C. As a soldier/politician/writer etc., Julius Caesar was untouchable.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=3278 (3768 words)

	ROTK Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		» Explainer -- post -- Five Feudatories: Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Mu of Qin, and King Chang of Chu.
		Three Dynastic Kings: King Yu, founder of Xia; King Tang, founder of Shang; King Wen, founder of Zhou.
		Nine Regions symbolized all the lands of the empire.
	www.threekingdoms.com /note.php?p=12599 (300 words)

	The Thousand Character Essay, Qian Zi Wen, Translated, Transcribed and Annotated by Nathan Sturman
		When the Qian Zi Wen was written, Buddhism, along with Confucianism and Daoism, was already one of the "Three Great Teachings," having been introduced from India about two to three centuries earlier during the Eastern (Later) Han Dynasty, when systematic religious Daoism had also come into being out of older beliefs.
		Notes: Jin's Duke Xian4 used the state of Lu2's territory to march through on his way to annihilating the small country of Guo.
		Another Jin ruler, Duke Wen, held a meeting on the soil of neighboring Zheng, after defeating Chu at the battle of Cheng2 pu2, and met with all the feudal lords there, forging an alliance.
	www.geocities.com /npsturman/tce.html (15776 words)

	duked - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about duked (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It originated in England in 1337, when Edward III created his son Edward, Duke of Cornwall.
		Norfolk, Miles Francis Stapleton Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /duked (89 words)

	Mr Duke (2000) - Korean Drama Reviews - spcnet.tv
		This story involves a rich woman who is supposed to choose an ideal husband from a list of rich suitors who can help to enhance her family business wealth.
		(Coincidentally, he is as the hateful Cui Jin Zhe in ‘Love’ as Choi’s despicable secret admirer in there) The man bores her with politics and how to gain favour with the government there.
		When she mentions that the weather is windy, she expects him to say that it is nice for a romantic date.
	www.spcnet.tv /reviews/review.php?rID=359 (4767 words)

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