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Topic: Duke of Apulia

	Roger II - LoveToKnow 1911
		In June 1127, William, duke of Apulia, grandson of Robert Guiscard, died childless, having apparently made some vague promise of the succession to Roger.
		The union of Sicily and Apulia, however, was resisted by Honorius II.
		This secured the king's object; on the 25th July the pope invested him as " Rex Siciliae ducatus Apuliae et principatus Capuae." The boundaries of the " regno" were finally fixed, by a truce with the pope in October 1144, at a line south of the Tronto and east of Terracina and Ceprano.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Roger_II (1009 words)

	Robert Guiscard - LoveToKnow 1911
		The army which he led towards Apulia in 1053 was, however, overthrown at Civitate on the Fortore by the Normans united under Humfrey, Guiscard and Richard of Aversa.
		Guiscard " by Grace of God and St Peter duke of Apulia and Calabria and future lord of Sicily " agreed to hold by annual rent of the Holy See and to maintain its cause..
		At his death Robert was duke of Apulia and Calabria, prince of Salerno and suzerain of Sicily.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Robert_Guiscard (799 words)

	Roger Borsa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1089 Roger Borsa was officially invested with the duchy of Apulia by Pope Urban II.
		However William proved to be as weak a ruler as his father, and the domain was ultimately inherited by a cousin, Roger II of Sicily.
		One of the prime sources for Roger's reign is the work of William of Apulia, who dedicated his chronicle to Guiscard and his son.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roger,_Duke_of_Apulia (666 words)

	Robert Guiscard
		Duke of Apulia and Calabria, founder of the Norman state of the Two Sicilies; born about 1016; died 17 July, 1085.
		She gave him three Sons and seven daughters, and appears to have been actively associated in all his undertakings, accompanying him in his expeditions and exercising so much influence over him as to cause him to designate as his successor his son Roger, to the detriment of Bohemond.
		Gesta Roberti Wiscardi (Epic in 5 cantos by WILLIAM OF APULIA, composed at the request of Urban II and dedicated to Duke Roger), ed.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/guiscard,robert.html (1411 words)

	The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Chapter 56 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first of his peers, their president and general, was entitled count of Apulia; and this dignity was conferred on William of the iron arm, who, in the language of the age, is styled a lion in battle, a lamb in society, and an angel in council.
		His brothers and countrymen had divided the fertile lands of Apulia; but they guarded their shares with the jealousy of avarice; the aspiring youth was driven forwards to the mountains of Calabria, and in his first exploits against the Greeks and the natives, it is not easy to discriminate the hero from the robber.
		The bravest designs of the duke were sometimes opposed by the free voice of his parliament of barons: the twelve counts of popular election conspired against his authority; and against their perfidious uncle, the sons of Humphrey demanded justice and revenge.
	www.ccel.org /g/gibbon/decline/volume2/chap56.htm (15187 words)

	Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc.
		Dukes of Gascony, 768-1038 AD The culture of the South of France in the 12th century is one of the first signs of the revival of civilization in Francia after the "second Dark Age" of the 9th and 10th centuries.
		Duke William V had three wives, and subsequent Dukes were descendants of William VIII, son of William V and Agnes of Burgundy.
		The present Dukes of Bucclech, Grafton, and St. Albans all have living grandsons, as shown; and, apart from the little detail of the illegitimate origin of the families, they are, of course, Stuarts.
	www.friesian.com /flanders.htm (10740 words)

	Family of Barbara L. Sherman - pafg70 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Duke of Apulia Hauteville [Parents] was born about 965 in, Normandy, France.
		Duke of Apulia Hauteville married Adelesia De Savona.
		Duke of Apulia Hauteville was born about 965 and died on 22 Jun 1001.
	www.web-glitter.com /ali/sherman/pafg70.htm (341 words)

	The Career of Robert Guiscard
		This year Duke Robert entered Brindisi, after leaving the siege of Bari; for the Duke had had a causeway built, with which to close the port of the aforementioned city of Bari.
		But Duke Robert returned from Durres, leaving his son Bohemund in charge there, and brought help to Pope Gregory, when the King was already tarrying in the region of Liburia [Tuscan coast] to make war on the province of Matilda [Countess of Tuscany], who was of Pope Gregory's party.
		This year Duke Robert gathered a multitude of Normans and Longobardi and other peoples, and went to Rome to liberate Pope Gregory, who was being kept under close siege; and this was accomplished.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/robertguiscard.htm (1359 words)

	Roger III, Duke of Apulia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Roger III (1118 – 2 or 12 May 1148), duke of Apulia from 1134, was the eldest son of King Roger II of Sicily.
		After Ranulf's death (1139), Apulia was secured, but Innocent and the dispossessed Prince Robert II of Capua began to march on the prince's nominal capital.
		Next, Duke Roger took the city of Naples into his possession and made it an integral part of the kingdom, ending the republican government which had continued after Sergius' death.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roger_III,_Duke_of_Apulia (458 words)

	33rd Generation (cont.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Robert de Hauteville I, Count of Apulia "Guiscard (The Astute)" was born circa 1015 in Hauteville-la-Guichard near Coutances, Normandy.
		In 1053, at the head of the combined forces of Normans from Apulia and Campania, he defeated the haphazardly led forces of the Byzantines, the Lombards, and the papacy at Civitate.
		Guillaume de Poitou VI, Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou "The Brave" was born 1020 in Aquitaine région, France.
	www.boazfamilytree.com /gneville/aqwg57.htm (1987 words)

	Jewett Texts
		This was the fashion of Italy's early acquaintance with the Northmen, whose grandchildren were to conquer wide dominion in Apulia, in Sicily, and all that pleasant country between the inland seas of Italy and Greece.
		The Duke had given him command of ten armed men who formed his body-guard, and after a long service at court this elder Tancred returned to his tranquil ancestral home to spend the rest of his days.
		Duke Robert heard the news of this famous deed, and determined that such a valiant knight must not hide himself or escape, so he sent a messenger to command the stranger to make himself known.
	www.public.coe.edu /~theller/soj/nor/nor07.html (4539 words)

	Robert Guiscard Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		The Norman adventurer Robert Guiscard, Count and Duke of Apulia (1016-1085), was the most famous of the Norman brothers, members of the Hauteville family, who entered the wars of southern Italy and carved out important principalities for themselves.
		In the battle of Civitate in that year, the forces of Norman-controlled Apulia crushed the armies of Pope Leo IX and won papal recognition for their conquests in the south.
		In 1059 Pope Nicholas II formally confirmed Robert's titles: Duke of Apulia and Calabria and Duke of Sicily, although the island had not yet been conquered.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/robert-guiscard (729 words)

	Italy Substates
		She was daughter of Duke Carlo Emanuele I di Savoia, Prince of Piemonte, Count di Aosta, Moriana, Asti e Nizza, titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem, and Marchese di Saluzzo and Infanta Catalina Michaella of Spain, whose sister was Isabella Clara Eugenia von Habsburg, Governor of the Southern Netherlands.
		She was married to Duke Hermann IV von Schwaben, Margrave Enrico di Monferrato and Count Oddo de Maurienne I of Savoia (1021-59).
		Married Ettore Pignatelli, XI Duke of Monteleone in 1770.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /italy_substates.htm (10936 words)

	Robert Guiscard
		In 1057 Robert succeeded Humfrey as count of Apulia and, in company with Roger his youngest brother, carried on the conquest of Apulia and Calabria, while Richard conquered the principality of Capua.
		Therefore at Melfi, on the 23rd of August 1059, Nicholas II invested Robert with Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily, and Richard with Capua.
		Guiscard "by Grace of God and St. Peter duke of Apulia and Calabria and future lord of Sicily" agreed to hold by annual rent of the Holy See and to maintain its cause.
	www.nndb.com /people/720/000104408 (759 words)

	Kingdoms of Italy - Naples & Sicily
		The County of Apulia merges with the County of Sicily to form a single Norman Kingdom of Naples and Sicily.
		The County of Sicily merges with the County of Apulia
		The claim to Naples passes to René I the Good of Anjou, Duke of Lorraine, but by 1442 Alfonso V of Aragon and Sicily conquers the kingdom.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/ItalySicily.htm (456 words)

	July 17th
		Other precautions were taken, for it was necessary to dispel a prejudice which was rising against her—namely, that she was a witch—and she was carried to Poitiers, to be examined before a meeting of the ecclesiastics of Charles's party, who were assembled there, and who gave their opinion in her favour.
		She then returned to Chinon, while the young Duke of Alencon went to Blois, to collect the soldiers and the convoy of provisions and munitions of war, which the maiden was to conduct into Orleans.
		After the Easter of 1430, the Duke of Bedford prepared to attack the important town of Compiegne, and on his way had laid siege to Choisi; whereupon Jeanne left Lagni, repaired to Compiegne, and immediately hastened with a body of troops to relieve Choisi.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/july/17.htm (5837 words)

	1. The Norman Kingdom in South Italy and Sicily. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Norman count Roger II of Sicily succeeded the Norman duke William of Apulia (1111–27) and assumed the title of king of Sicily, Apulia, and Capua with the approval of the antipope Anacletus II.
		Excommunicated by Pope Innocent II (1139) for his alliance with Anacletus, he defeated Innocent (1140), took him prisoner, and forced recognition of his title.
		William I, continuing Roger's policy, defeated (1156) the Byzantine allies of Pope Adrian IV and compelled Adrian to recognize his title in Sicily, Apulia, Naples, Amalfi, and Salerno.
	www.bartleby.com /67/471.html (377 words)

	Kingdoms of France - Flanders
		Finally, Flanders passed by marriage first to the Dukes of Burgundy and then to the Habsburgs.
		Charles the Good, in turn, is murdered himself, and the County passes to a second cousin, William Clito of Normandy, the great grandson of Baldwin V through his daughter Matilda, who had married William the Bastard, later William the Conqueror, of Normandy.
		Brother of Simon I Duke of Upper Lorraine.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/FranceFlanders.htm (276 words)

	SICILY
		Richard de Hauteville seneschal of Apulia and Calabria, and thirdly ---. "Alberada" made a donation in 1122 to the Benedictine monastery of La Cava near Salerno, Robert "Guiscard" and Bohemond both being commemorated in the document[110], although it is not known whether this was the same person as the first wife of Robert Guiscard.
		[176]. She was regent in Apulia 1111-1114 for her son Guillaume Duke of Apulia. The Annals of Romoald record the death of "Hala ducissa mater Guillelmi ducis" in Apr 1115[177].
		LOUIS of Apulia (-shortly before 2 Sep 1094). The Annals of Romoald name (in order) "Ludovicum et Guiscardum, qui in puerilibus annos mortui, [et] Gulielmus" as the sons of "Rogerius dux" and his wife[178].
	fmg.ac /Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm (3555 words)

	Robert Guiscard (c. 1015-1085)
		He was count (1057-1059) and then duke (1059-1085) of Apulia and Calabria after his brother Humphrey's death.
		Lands were scarce in Apulia at the time and the roving Robert could not expect any grant from Drogo, then reigning, for Humphrey had just received his own county of Lavello.
		The army which he led towards Apulia in 1053 was, however, overthrown at the Battle of Civitate sul Fortore by the Normans, united under Humphrey, who commanded the centre against the Swabians.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/guiscard.html (1230 words)

	HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF BOURBON - TWO SICILIES - The Royal House of Bourbon - Two Sicilies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The latter was father of Roger II (d 1154), whose assumption of the title King of Sicily was recognized by the Pope as suzerain in 1130.
		Charles of Bourbon and Farnese, Duke of Parma (later Carlo VII of Naples and Carlos III of Spain)
		Meanwhile the claim to Sicily was continued by the Duke of Anjou who had been crowned by the Pope Kings of Naples.
	www.borbone-due-sicilie.org /english/history.html (733 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - De Hauteville - another Norman AAR
		I have been in the service of the Duke for a number of years and have travelled with his court in southern Italy for the past few months as his prestige and power continue to grow throughout the South.
		The father of the Duke of Apulia was a busy man, he fathered NINE sons (according to my liege), most of whom sought fortune waging war for Lombard or Greek nobles.
		The Duke’s reputation with other Italian lords is still weakened after having confiscated the lands of the Count of Bari.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=169707 (1991 words)

	Robert Guiscard tour to Campania and Apulia
		And in the morning the Normans rode gaily off through the meadows and gardens towards Venosa, which is not far from Melfi, happy and joyful on their horses, cavorting hither and thither; and the citizens of the town saw these unknown knights, and wondered at them and were afraid.
		This was 1016, and here began the Norman presence in South Italy which culminated with Robert Guiscard becoming Duke of Apulia, his brother Roger becoming Count of Sicily, Roger's son becoming King of Sicily, and, finally, Frederick II, a son of an Hauteville and a Hohenstaufen, becoming Emperror of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Robert Guiscard was born in Normandy in 1016, the son of Tancred of Hauteville, and brother of William Iron-Arm, Drogo, and Roger.
	www.plantagenettours.com /2006/campaniaapulia2.html (2033 words)

	Titles of European hereditary rulers
		Roger II (+1154), a son of Roger, who became Count of Sicily in 1105, and Duke of Apulia in 1127, united all the Norman conquests, and, in 1130, was declared the first King of Sicily.
		- [1282] Jerusalem, Apulia, Capua, Achaea, Anjou, Provence, Forcalquier, Tonnerre with Aragon
		In 1382, Louis I (+1384), Duke of Anjou, left for Italy to claim the Crown of Naples following the death of Queen Joanna I. She had adopted him to succeed her, as she was childless and did not wish to leave her inheritance to any of her close relatives, with whom she had quarreled.
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/naples.html (7596 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Bari
		In the ninth century the Saracens laid waste Apulia, destroyed the city of Canosa (Canusium) and captured Bari.
		Nicholas, Bishop of Mira, for which Roger, Duke of Apulia, built a splendid church; this became the object of great veneration and of innumerable pilgrimages.
		About this time Urban II, being in Apulia, went to Bari to venerate the relics of the holy wonder-worker and to consecrate the basilica.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02295a.htm (667 words)

	Southern Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This region was a warren of petty, and not so petty, states during the Dark Ages and early Middle Ages: see Apulia, Benevento, Capua, and Salerno for examples.
		A kingdom was created here in 1720 for the Duke of Savoy, when he transfered his newly-established royal authority in Sicily to the Holy Roman Emperor, who held Sardinia at that time, and traded islands with him.
		The Dukes of Savoy gained control of Sicily during the War of the Spanish Succession, but were induced to swap with Austria that island for a Sardinian regality instead, in 1720.
	www.hostkingdom.net /soitaly.html (2055 words)

	Abebooks Résultats de la recherche - Apulia
		Vaccinites vredenburgi Kuhn, 1932, from the Upper Cretaceous of Apulia (southern Italy).
		A revised stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene units from southeastern Salento (Apulia, southern Italy).
		New remains of Cetacea Odontoceti from the "Pietra leccese" (Apulia, Italy).
	www.abebooks.fr /search/sortby/3/kn/Apulia (1342 words)

	John of Gent - pafg23 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Robert Prince of France I "The Old" Duke of Burgundy is printed as #1042.
		Helie Ermengarde de Semur was born in 1016 in of, Sémur,, France.
		Robert I "Guiscard" de Hauteville Duke of Apulia was born about 965 in of,, Normandy, France.
	www.angelfire.com /dc/sherietales/johngent/pafg23.htm (545 words)

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