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	James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed (August 21, 1670 – June 12, 1734) was a French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill, sister of the Duke of Marlborough.
		On the April 25, 1707, Berwick won the great and decisive victory of Almanza, where an Englishman at the head of a French army defeated Ruvigny, a Frenchman at the head of an English army.
		After Almanza, Berwick was created Duc de Fitz-James in the peerage of France by Louis XIV, and Duque de Liria y Xéreca and lieutenant of Aragon by Philip V of Spain.
	www.search.com /reference/James_FitzJames,_1st_Duke_of_Berwick (593 words)

	THE MARSHAL DUKE OF BERWICK (1670- 1734 )
		The Duke of Berwick, James FitzJames, Marshal of France, was born at Moulins in the Bourbonnais, France, on August 21 1670.
		During his fathers reign in England, he was created Duke of Berwick, Earl of Tinmouth, Baron of Bosworth, Knight of the Garter, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire, Ranger of the New Forest, Governor of Portsmouth, successively Colonel of the Infantry and Cavalry Regiments, and Captain of the 3rd Troop of Life-Guards.
		He was Duke of Berwick and Duke of Liria, and married Dona Catarina of Portugal, sister of the Duke of Veraquas.
	indigo.ie /~wildgees/duke1.htm (2683 words)

	GENUKI: English Peerage 1790: Extinct Peerage - Dukes
		THE title of duke was first bestowed upon Edward prince of Wales, commonly called the Black Prince, who was created by his father king Edward the third 13 March 1337 duke of the county of Cornwal, with remainder to the eldest sons of the kings of England for ever.
		Thomas, son of John of Gaunt duke of Lancaster, was created by king Henry the fourth 5 July 1411 earl of Dorset, and by king Henry the fifth duke of Exeter, which titles became extinct at his death 27 December 1426.
		Lodovic Stuart, duke of Lenox of the kingdom of Scotland, was created by king James the first 6 October 1612 baron Setrington and earl of Richmond, and a few years afterwards earl of Newcastle and duke of Richmond, which titles became extinct at his death 11 February 1623.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/eng/History/Barons/ExtinctDukes.html (2852 words)

	Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dukedom of Berwick-upon-Tweed, from Berwick-upon-Tweed in England by the border with Scotland, was created in 1687 for James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of King James II of England.
		James Francis Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Duque de Liria y Jérica (1696-1738)
		James Francis Edward Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick, 3rd Duque de Liria y Jérica (1718-1785)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_of_Berwick-upon-Tweed (297 words)

	Berwick, James FitzJames, duke of - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		BERWICK, JAMES FITZJAMES, DUKE OF [Berwick, James FitzJames, duke of], 1670-1734, marshal of France; illegitimate son of King James II of England and Arabella Churchill, sister of the duke of Marlborough.
		When his father was dethroned (1688), Berwick took part in the invasion of Ireland (1689) against James's successor William III; the effort was supported by King Louis XIV of France, James's ally.
		After the defeat in Ireland, Berwick fought for France in the War of the Grand Alliance and became (1703) a naturalized Frenchman.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-berwick.html (221 words)

	Charles Edward - LoveToKnow 1911
		In 1734 his cousin, the duke of Liria, afterwards duke of Berwick, who was proceeding to join Don Carlos in his struggle for the crown of Naples, passed through Rome.
		On the 8th of April the duke marched thence to meet Charles, whose little army, exhausted with a futile night march, half-starving, and broken by desertion, was completely worsted at Culloden on the 16th of April 1746.
		This decisive and cruel defeat sealed the fate of Charles Edward and the house of Stuart.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Charles_Edward (2051 words)

	Tales from Froissart
		The duke of Anjou reduces strongholds in the south.
		The marriage of the King of Portugal and Philippa, daughter of the Duke of Lancaster.
		The duke of Brittany arrests the Constable of France.
	www.nipissingu.ca /department/history/muhlberger/froissart/tales.htm (1460 words)

	James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed (August 21, 1670 – June 12, 1734) was a French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill, sister of the Duke of Marlborough.
		FitzJames was created Duke of Berwick by his father in 1687, as well as Baron of Bosworth and Earl of Tinmouth.
		After Almanza, Berwick was created Duc de Fitz-James in the peerage of France by Louis XIV, and Duque de Liria y Xérica and lieutenant of Aragon by Philip V of Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_FitzJames,_1st_Duke_of_Berwick (614 words)

	Philippe II, duc d'Orléans
		Regent of France, the son of Philip I, duke of Orleans, and his second wife, the princess palatine, was born on the 2nd of August 1674, and had his first experience of arms at the siege of Mons in 1691.
		Dubois, formerly tutor to the duke of Orleans, and now his all-powerful minister, caused war to be declared against Spain, with the support of the emperor, and of England and Holland (Quadruple Alliance).
		On the majority of the king, which was declared on the 15th of February 1723, the duke of Orleans resigned the supreme power; but he became first minister to the king, and remained in office until his death on the 23rd of December 1723.
	www.nndb.com /people/090/000102781 (465 words)

	Wild Geese Heritage Museum and Library, Portumna, Co. Galway, Ireland
		The Duke of Berwick secured a commission for James Francis Edward Sarsfield in the Spanish army, where the youth so distinguished himself that the King of Spain decorated him with the Collar of the Golden Fleece.
		The Duke of Berwick was a very kind and generous man, and once gave away all the money he was carrying to a family that was destitute and starving.
		The Duke of Berwick's and Honora's son was born in 1696.
	indigo.ie /~wildgees/wildgees.htm (1904 words)

	Lister Turk
		He was said to have been taken from the Turks at the seige of Buda in 1686 during the reign of James II and brought to England by the Duke of Berwick [GSB1:389].
		The Duke of Berwick was the illigitimate son of King James II.
		Bred by the Duke of Rutland, Brisk was said to be a full brother to the Duke of Rutland's (later John Hutton's) Coneyskins.
	www.bloodlines.net /TB/Bios/ListerTurk.htm (1628 words)

	A Jacobite Gazetteer - France - Montpellier
		Don Carlos was the great-great-great grandson of the 1st Duke of Berwick, illegitimate son of King James II and VII; he was also the grandson of Princess Caroline of Stolberg-Gedern, younger sister of Queen Louise.
		In 1818 the Duke of Berwick and Alba was in Florence where he was painted by Fabre.
		Perhaps this is a portrait of the Duke of Berwick's mother Doña Maria Teresa Fernandez de Silva y Palafox, who died in Florence April 29, 1818; this portrait is now in the collection of the Duque de Infantado in Madrid.
	www.jacobite.ca /gazetteer/France/Montpellier.htm (937 words)

	Edward Berwick
		Berwick (London: Nichols 1819), 430pp.; bound in hf.
		George Moore, the Irish novelist, believed that Berwick ‘wrote the best English prose that ever came out of Ireland’ [see John Eglinton], and modelled his own books in the Heinemann edition on the format of Berwick’s Apollonius of Tyana (1810), translated from the Greek.
		Duke of Berwick was the illegitimate son of James II (James VII of Scotland); ed.
	www.pgil-eirdata.org /html/pgil_datasets/authors/b/Berwick,E/life.htm (290 words)

	Mary Agnes Elliott - Finn Valley People
		Sarsfield's friend, James Fitzjames, Duke of Berwick, was sent from Derry to the Finn - with the object of joining up with him (King James's natural son).
		The Duke had what was called a Flying Camp - a mobile force of 400 cavalry and dragoons.
		Berwick's next plan was to attack was to attack Enniskillen.
	www.finnvalley.ie /people/maryagneselliott/siegeofderry.html (771 words)

	BERWICK, JAMES FITZJAMES - Online Information article about BERWICK, JAMES FITZJAMES
		Neerwinden, at the latter of which he was taken prisoner.
		Thenceforward Berwick was recognized as one of the greatest generals of his time, and successively commanded in nearly all the theatres of See also:
		One of the marshal's sons, known as the duke of Liria, was settled in Spain, and was counselled by his father not to shrink from doing his See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BEC_BER/BERWICK_JAMES_FITZJAMES.html (1123 words)

	Berwick Rangers FC - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Berwick Rangers FC - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Berwick Rangers FC, English football club based in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, that started the 2006-2007 season playing in the Third...
		Berwick Rangers FC is the only English football club to play in the Scottish league, and Northumberland’s only national league football team.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Berwick_Rangers_FC.html (146 words)

	Almansa 1707 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The victory of the French-Spanish army (AKA Army of the Two Crowns) under the Duke of Berwick against an Allied army formed by Dutch, Portuguese and English troops consolidated decisively the Duke of Anjou, the future Philip V, in the throne of Spain.
		Within a few days after the end of the battle, all of the Kingdom of Valencia was lost for the Allied cause and the Duke of Anjou (the future Philip V of Spain) was firmly consolidated in the Spanish throne.
		There are also one commander-in-chief for the Franco-Spanish (the Duke of Berwick) and two co-commanders for the Allied side: the Marquis Das Minas for the Portuguese and the Earl of Galway for the Anglo-Dutch.
	www.simtacludopress.net /almansa_ing.htm (355 words)

	Jewett Texts
		Duke of Berwick: The Duke of Berwick is not referred to in The Tory Lover, but Jewett meant to include him.
		Duke and Duchess of Chartres (23, 39): Louis Philippe Joseph (1747-1793) was Duke of Chartres and then Duc d'Orléans, a French nobleman, cousin of King Louis XVI.
		In "The Old Town of Berwick," Jewett quotes a description of Elder Richard Shackley, "ye last of ye Elders": "He was a man of very grave countenance of the old Puritan stamp (which does not seem to appear very often in the Piscataqua plantations), sound in the faith, and very tenacious of his Hopkinsian opinions.
	www.public.coe.edu /~theller/soj/ttl/people.html (10326 words)

	James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
		James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (1670-1734) was a French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill.
		He went into the service of Charles, Duke of Lorraine[?] and was created Duke of Berwick by his father in 1687.
		His descendants were the French Dukes of FitzJames and the Spanish Dukes of Liria[?].
	www.mik.fastload.org /ja/James_FitzJames,_1st_Duke_of_Berwick.html (225 words)

	The Newgate Calendar - CAPTAIN PETER DE LA FONTAINE
		De la Fontaine was born of noble parents in France, received a military education, and served at the siege of Phillipsburgh, under the Duke of Berwick.
		On the following day she went to the duke, dressed in men's clothes, and, begging to enter as a volunteer in the same regiment with De la Fontaine, she was indulged for the novelty of the humour.
		The Duke of Berwick being killed at the siege of Phillipsburgh, De la Fontaine made the tour of Europe; but, returning to Paris, he fought a duel with an officer, who being dangerously wounded, our hero repaired to Brest, and embarked as lieutenant of marines on board a vessel bound for Martinico.
	www.exclassics.com /newgate/ng255.htm (1803 words)

	davidson_intro3
		Methodical in all things, he studied jurisprudence according to a plan of his own, the draft of which still exists; and found plenty of time to frequent the best salons in Bordeaux, in which the rank of his family and his own reputation as a young man of talent secured him a welcome.
		The chief figure in Bordeaux society was the Duke of Berwick,
		Montesquieu cherished his memory, and among his papers was found a warm and eloquent eulogy of the victor of Almanza.
	www.wm.edu /history/rbsche/plp/davidson_intro3.html (590 words)

	The Duke of Berwick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James Fitzjames was the illegitimate son of King James and Arabella Churchill, sister of the Duke of Marlborough.
		In the battle of the Boyne he was 20 years old and commanded a regiment of Irish Cavalry.
		After the Williamite war he returned to France and had a long and distinguished career in the French army.
	www.iol.ie /~kevins/boyne/berwick.html (55 words)

	TIME.com: Grandee -- May 25, 1925 -- Page 1
		The Duke of Alba, young grandee, was smitten with the idea of Democracy, probably on his last year's visit to the U.S. Last week, he ordered two of his large estates to be divided and distributed among his tenants on a deferred payment plan.
		The present Duke is a descendant of another famous soldier, the Duke of Berwick, illegitimate son of James II of England, whose title he still possesses, being the tenth Duke.
		The first Duke of Berwick saw service under his father and later under Louis XIV of France.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,927705,00.html (400 words)

	Odontocat: History of Catalonia < The Fall of Barcelona and the Abolition of the Generalitat
		The siege was started by the Duke of Berwick, the French General imposed by Louis XIV on his grandson Philip V. General Antoni Villarroel was placed at the head of the Catalan troops.
		On 15 September 1714, the Duke of Berwick officially appointed the Supreme Royal Council of Justice and Government under the presidency of Philip’s minister José Patiño, to replace the Generalitat and the Consell de Cent.
		The other territories of the former Crown of Catalonia and Aragon were dismembered: Naples and Sardinia came under Austrian sovereignty, and Sicily was handed over to the Duke of Savoy.
	www.odontocat.com /angles/history5.htm (1143 words)

	16th Annual National Forum on Quality Improvement in Healthcare - Dukehealth.org
		Pre-register for this free event by printing and completing the registration form [open Registration form] or by registering on-line [visit on-line registration page].
		Berwick writes, “To put it more powerfully, how do we make good on this promise: no needless deaths, no needless pain or suffering, no unwanted waiting, no helplessness, no waste—ever, anywhere, for anyone?
		Our 2004 sponsors are: Duke University Hospital, the Private Diagnostic Clinics, Durham Regional Hospital, and the Quality Council of North Carolina.
	www.dukehealth.org /news/ihi_2004 (470 words)

	Lister Turk
		The Lister Turk, sometimes referred to as the Leicester Stradling Turk, was a grey stallion captured at the seige of Buda in Hungary ca.
		The Duke returned from the continent in 1687 with his charger and it's known that he fought at the Battle of the Boyne, in Ireland, on July 12, 1690.
		The latter is recorded as the dam of the Hobby Mare (founder, Family #23) and her sister, but these two mares were sisters of Piping Peg.
	www.tbheritage.com /Portraits/ListerTurk.html (429 words)

	The Memoirs of Count Grammont — Volume 01 eBook
		His great resource at St. Germain was the family of the Duke of Berwick (son of James II.): that nobleman appears to have been amiable in private life, and his attachment to Hamilton was steady and sincere.
		The Duchess of Berwick was also his friend.
		The sisters of the Duchess of Berwick were Charlotte, married to Lord Clare, Henrietta, and Laura.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/5409/5.html (331 words)

	Berwick, James FitzJames, duke of — Infoplease.com
		In 1687, his father, who had ascended the English throne in 1685, created him duke of Berwick.
		When his father was dethroned (1688), Berwick took part in the invasion of Ireland (1689) against James's successor William III; the effort was supported by King Louis XIV of France, James's ally.
		After the defeat in Ireland, Berwick fought for France in the War of the Grand Alliance and became (1703) a naturalized Frenchman.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0807279.html (191 words)

	The Percy Anecdotes: Anecdotes of Youth
		The great Duke of Berwick appeared rather to have inherited the talents of his uncle the Duke of Marlborough, than those of King lames H., whose illegitimate son he was.
		In a subsequent campaign in the Netherlands under the Duke of Luxemburg, he fell into an ambuscade, and was carried to the tent of the Brigadier-General Churchill, who affectionately embraced him, and soon after obtained his liberty.
		It was in the course of these campaigns that Luxemburg and Berwick sent such a number of standards and ensigns to Paris, that the Prince of Conti called them the upholsterers of Notre-Dame, the church where these trophies were displayed.
	www.mspong.org /percy/youth.htm (16770 words)

	My Family
		James FITZ JAMES (Duke of Berwick) was born in 1670 in Moulins.
		Spouse: Sir Thomas Earl of MOWBRAY (Duke of Venice).
		Sir Thomas Earl of MOWBRAY (Duke of Venice) and Elizabeth FITZALAN were married in 1384.
	sneakers.pair.com /roots/b77.htm (673 words)

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