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Topic: Duke of Medina Sidonia

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	[No title]
		Medina Sidonia, who found many defects in his fleet, did not finally sail till the 12th of July.
		The object was to prevent the proposed junction of the forces of Medina Sidonia and Parma.
		Medina Sidonia continued to the north, till his pilots told him that it was safe to turn to the west.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=4607&locale=en (1393 words)

	Medina Sidonia - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		MEDINA SIDONIA, or Medinasidonia, a town of southern Spain, in the province of Cadiz, 21 m.
		Medina Sidonia is built on an isolated hill surrounded by a cultivated plain.
		Medina Sidonia has been identified by some with the Asido of Pliny, but this is uncertain.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Medina_Sidonia (180 words)

	Duke of Medina Sidonia
		Alonso Perez du Guzman, the son of the 6th Duke of Medina Sidonia, was born in Spain in 1550.
		After the death of Alvaro de Bazan, the Marques de Santa Cruz in 1588, the Duke of Medina Sidonia was given command of the Spanish Armada.
		Alonso Perez du Guzman, the 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, died in 1615.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /TUDmedina.htm (1495 words)

	Dukes of Medina Sidonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dukes of Medina Sidonia are Grandees of Spain, holding the oldest dukedom in the Kingdom, and were once the most prominent magnate family of the Andalusian region.
		The family of Guzmán was originally lords of Abiados, on the southern slope of the Picos de Europa in the hill country of León.
		Luisa de Guzman (1613-1666), eldest daughter of the 8th Duke of Medina-Sidonia, became queen-consort of Portugal when her husband John, Duke of Braganza became John IV, the first King of Portugal of the House of Braganza.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Dukes_of_Medina_Sidonia (675 words)

	Elizabeth I - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		His plan was criticized by the Duke of Parma, and when Santa Cruz died in February 1588, it was Parma's plan that was put into effect.
		The fleet was put under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, and sailed from Lisbon on May 20, 1588.
		Medina Sidonia became pessimistic about the expedition, and in the Netherlands, Parma faced problems of plague and famine.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761555497___15/Elizabeth_I.html (909 words)

	THE BATTLE OF THE NARROW SEAS.
		Sidonia knew that he had wasted his powder for nothing and his own shot riddled hull was proof enough of the superiority of the long range English culverins.
		Sidonia's latest communique was already on its way by patache to Parma, informing him of the changing situation and of Sidonia's intention to make for Calais.
		Sidonia recalled his war council and the cabin of the San Martin was again the scene of much heated debate.
	homepages.enterprise.net /iainlogan/guadirra/chap15.html (1563 words)

	Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada By Washington Irving (1850)- Chapter 8 from Nalanda Digital Library at NIT Calicut
		The duke of Medina Sidonia would have appeared, to many, the very last person to whom to apply for aid of the marques of Cadiz; but the marchioness judged of him by the standard of her own high and generous mind.
		The duke wrote at the same time to the alcaydes of his towns and fortresses, ordering them to join him forthwith at Seville with all the forces they could spare from their garrisons.
		Learning, however, that the duke of Medina Sidonia was already on the march and pressing forward into the territory of the Moors, the king was all on fire to overtake him and to lead in person the succor to Alhama.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/granada/chapter8.html (1105 words)

	Medina, New Orleans - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It is served by the New York Central and Hudson River railroad, by the Buffalo, Lockport and Rochester (interurban) railway, and by the Erie Canal.
		On Oak Orchard Creek and near the city are electric power plants, at the Medina Falls and at a large storage dam (60 ft. high) for water power, built in 1902.
		There are valuable quarries of Medina sandstone, a good building-, pavingand flag-stone, varying in colour from light grey to brownish red, readily shaped and split, and less likely than limestone to crack or than granite to wear slippery; it was first found at Medina in 1837.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Medina,_New_Orleans (228 words)

	medina
		Don Alonso Perez de Guzman el Bueno, Duke of Medina-Sidonia and scion of one of the noblest ducal Spanish families, was by disposition a quiet man who enjoyed nothing more than managing his estates near Cadiz and being a good father to his children.
		In vain the duke replied that he had never been to sea in his life, knew nothing about ships, and had not even commanded soldiers in battle.
		The duke took all of the blame for the failure of the Armada.
	www.johnmaton.demon.co.uk /medina.htm (670 words)

	Ye Olde Booke O' Seadogs: Medina Sidonia
		Although not an inspiring personality, Sidonia organized his fleet with great efficiency, its arms, supplies, signals, order of sailing and of battle, with the help of a carefully chosen staff of veteran officers, including a gunnery expert.
		Sidonia ensured that fleet discipline was strictly enforced.
		Nothing can be said against Sidonia's personal courage, or his administrative ability, but he lacked both the professional knowledge and the dash to make a great commander.
	vamos-wentworth.org /seadog/seadog.old.php?subject=sidonia (427 words)

	armada
		In 1567, Philip established under the command of the Duke of Alba a huge professional army of 60,000 troops, the "Army of Flanders," to suppress heresy and rebellion in the Netherlands.
		Medina Sidonia was unable to make timely contact with Parma, so when the Armada reached the port of Calais, he discovered that it would take six days for Parma's army to fully embark.
		Medina Sidonia seems not to have understood, either, that Parma's army could not sail out to meet the Armada unless the Spanish fleet first drove enemy ships away from the straits, for Parma had no vessels suitable for fighting.
	www.salvoblue.homestead.com /armada.html (1885 words)

	Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada by Washington Irving : Arthur's Classic Novels
		The duke of Medina Sidonia would have appeared, to many, the very last person to whom to apply for aid of the marques of Cadiz; but the marchioness judged of him by the standard of her own high and generous mind.
		Learning, however, that the duke of Medina Sidonia was already on the march and pressing forward into the territory of the Moors, the king was all on fire to overtake him and to lead in person the succor to Alhama.
		Alonso of Aragon, duke of Villahermosa and illegitimate brother of the king, was present at the siege, and disapproved of the whole arrangement.
	arthursclassicnovels.com /arthurs/irving/chrcon10.html (19738 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Dukes of Medina Sidonia
		The Dukes of Medina Sidonia are Grandees of Spain, holding the oldest dukedom in the Kingdom, and were once the most prominent magnate family of the Andalusian region.
		The branch to which the dukes of Medina Sidonia belonged was founded by Alonso Pérez de Guzmán (1256-1309), surnamed El Bueno, the good, in the sense of good at need, or stout-hearted.
		Luisa de Guzman (1613-1666), eldest daughter of the 8th Duke of Medina-Sidonia, became queen-consort of Portugal when her husband John, Duke of Braganza became John IV, the first King of Portugal of the House of Braganza.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Dukes_of_Medina_Sidonia (681 words)

	The Invincible Armada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Medina Sidonia had already missed his first and probably best chance of victory two days earlier by rejecting suggestions to sail directly for Plymouth and blockade the English in port rather than wait to assemble his entire fleet.
		Medina Sidonia reorganized the Armada, placing the hulks and merchantmen in the vanguard, protected by a rearguard of his best warships.
		Medina Sidonia had posted a screen of small craft as a precaution and their crews managed to tow two of the fireships clear.
	www.angelfire.com /ga4/guilmartin.com/Armada.html (2390 words)

	Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, Duke of Medina Sidonia - Encyclopedia.com
		Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, Duke of Medina Sidonia - Encyclopedia.com
		Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, Duke of Medina Sidonia
		Medina Sidonia, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, Duke of (1550–1619) Spanish nobleman.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O48-MedinaSidonlnsPrzdGzmnDkf.html (115 words)

	Luminarium Encyclopedia: The Spanish Armada, 1588.
		The Spanish or Invincible Armada was the great fleet (in Spanish, armada) sent against England by Philip II in 1588.
		The fleet was collected at Lisbon, after many delays, and sailed on the 20th of May 1588.
		His large vessels were indeed so helpless that only a timely shift of the wind saved many of them from drifting on to the banks of Flanders.
	www.luminarium.org /encyclopedia/armada.htm (1478 words)

	Alessandro Farnese Duke of Parma
		Alessandro Farnese, the son of Duke Ottavio Farnese and Margaret of Parma, was born in 1545.
		Medina Sidonia confidently told them that his patrol boats would be able to deal with any attack.
		At first light Duke of Medina Sidonia and his six remaining ships left Calais and attempted to catch up with the 130 ships strung out eastwards towards the Dunkirk sandbanks.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /TUDfarnese.htm (891 words)

	Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada By Washington Irving (1850)- Chapter 9 from Nalanda Digital Library at NIT Calicut
		When Muley Abul Hassan heard of the vast force that was approaching under the command of the duke of Medina Sidonia, and that Ferdinand was coming in person with additional troops, he perceived that no time was to be lost: Alhama must be carried by one powerful attack or abandoned entirely to the Christians.
		The marques and duke, with their confederate cavaliers, repaired to Antiquera, where they were received with great distinction by the king, who honored the marques of Cadiz with signal marks of favor.
		The duke then accompanied his late enemy, but now most zealous and grateful friend, the marques of Cadiz, to his town of Marchena, where he received the reward of his generous conduct in the thanks and blessings of the marchioness.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/granada/chapter9.html (1306 words)

	The Armada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Duke of Medina Sidonia was now placed in charge of preparing the invasion of England.
		After the death of Alvaro de Bazan, the Marques de Santa Cruz in 1588, the Duke of Medina Sidonia was given command of the operation.
		Medina Sidonia confidently told them that his patrol boats would be able to deal with any attack.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /England1/the7.htm (6184 words)

	Defeat of the "Invincible" Armada 1588
		Medina Sidonia was an experienced warrior on land, but he had no naval background, and no interest in leading the Armada, as the invasion fleet came to be called.
		Also, the Duke of Parma was a very proud man, and resented the fact that Medina Sidonia had been given command of the operation.
		Medina Sidonia learned to his horror that there was no port deep enough near to where the Duke of Parma's were for him to stop his fleet.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Documents/defeat_of_the_armada.htm (3955 words)

	THE CARIBBEAN RAID 1585-1586: Sir Francis Drake: A Pictorial Biography by Hans P. Kraus (Rare Book and Special ...
		Medina Sidonia refers to the Drake raid on the West Indies in his remarks on Cartagena; he states that galleys had been adequate for coastal defense before Drake's arrival, and their lack of success against Drake may have been the result of poor handling.
		Title leaf of the autograph document by the Duke of Medina Sidonia relating to the defenses of the Indies.
		In one paragraph, Medina Sidonia proposes that a fleet be built up to enter the English Channel and to threaten England.
	www.loc.gov /rr/rarebook/catalog/drake/drake-6-caribraid.html (1307 words)

	Tourist Atlas of Andalusia. Official Tourism Website of Andalusia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The famous sandbank which gave the town its name was the cause of its downfall as a port, as the heavy galleons of the 17th century had great difficulties crossing it.
		While under the control of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, the town enjoyed a period of grandeur: its most important buildings were erected, with the construction of the Granary, the Corn Exchange and the Contracting House.
		Duke of Medina Sidonia's Palace (Palacio de los Duques de Medina Sidonia), 15th to 18th centuries.
	www.andalucia.org /modulos.php?modulo=NuevoAtlas&fichero=municipio&provincia=CA&zona=42&pkMunicipio=110321&entorno=&tipoProv=zona&tipoZona=&tipoMuni=&navegacion=internaAtlas (746 words)

	Alonso de Guzmán El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 7th duke was betrothed in 1565 to Ana de Silva y Mendoza, who was then four years of age, the daughter of the prince of Eboli.
		The duke retained his posts of admiral of the ocean and captain-general of Andalusia in spite of the contempt openly expressed for him by the whole nation.
		In 1606 the obstinacy and folly of the duke caused the loss of a squadron which was destroyed near Gibraltar by the Dutch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alonso_de_Guzman_El_Bueno,_7th_Duke_of_Medina_Sidonia (586 words)

	[No title]
		He vainly tried to obtain the support of the King of Portugal for his scheme to discover the Far East by sailing westward, a scheme supposed to have been suggested by his brother Bartholomew, who is said to have been earning a livelihood at Lisbon by designing marine charts.
		Columbus went to Spain in 1485, and probably the first assistance he obtained there was from the Duke of Medina Celi, Don Luis de la Cerda, for whom he performed some services that brought him a compensation of 3000 maravedis in May, 1487.
		His attempts to secure the help of the Duke of Medina Sidonia were equally unproductive of results.
	www.lycos.com /info/columbus--spain.html (533 words)

	Spanish Armada
		The Duke of Medina Sidonia was placed in charge of preparing the invasion of England.
		The Duke of Medina Sidonia now sent a message to the Duke of Parma in Dunkirk: "I am anchored here two leagues from Calais with the enemy's fleet on my flank.
		In command of the fleet was the Duke of Medina Sidonia, a loyal man of proud lineage and great wealth, but in no wise versed in naval science.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /TUDarmada.htm (4501 words)

	THE CADIZ RAID 1587: Sir Francis Drake: A Pictorial Biography by Hans P. Kraus (Rare Book and Special Collections ...
		The well-known difficulties of the Armada with its supplies of food and water the next year may be attributed in large part to this destruction of the barrel staves and hoops, and their probable replacement by unseasoned and therefore bad wood, if in fact this quantity could be all replaced.
		He orders Medina Sidonia out of Cadiz; he was to leave Don Augustin Mexia in charge there, and to busy himself with raising infantry and cavalry to repel the supposed new attack.
		Manuscript dispatch of the Duke Medina Sidonia to the West Indies Governors, 1587, warning them that Drake was on the warpath again.
	www.loc.gov /rr/rarebook/catalog/drake/drake-7-cadizraid.html (949 words)

	Jimena de la Frontera : Exploring the Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Medina Sidonia fell to Catholic troops in 1264 under King Alfonso X. It was an ancient hilltop Muslim fortress.
		In the Middle Ages it became a famous seat of the Duke de Medina Sidonia, a title bestowed on the heirs of Guzmán El Bueno who helped recapture the town from the Moors.
		The title today is held by the Duquesa de Medina Sidonia, known as la duquesa roja (the red duchess), for her left-wing political views.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/print-narrative.cfm?destID=3582&catID=3582013461 (477 words)

	Loony Lenny Online: Gibraltar for Kids
		Gibraltar was finally taken from the Moors in 1462 during the 8th Siege, by the Duke of Medina Sidonia.
		Henry IV is supposed to have given Gibraltar a grant of Arms consisting of a gold key hanging from a red castle.
		In 1467 (the 9th Siege), Gibraltar was taken by the Duke of Medina Sidonia for his own possession and it was not until 1502 that it returned to the control of the Spanish Crown.
	www.gibconnect.com /~loonylenny/gibarms/origin.html (125 words)

	Maritime Topics On Stamps. The Armada
		The Armada’s main objective was not fighting naval battles but to assist and secure the Duke’s invasion and occupation of Elizabeth I’s kingdom.
		His successor was the Duke of Medina Sidonia, an organizer rather than a naval commander.
		The Duke of Medina Sidonia’s flagship was the 1000-ton galleon ‘ SAN MARTIN’.
	www.shipsonstamps.org /Topics/html/armada.htm (1497 words)

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