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	DUKES OF NEWCASTLE - LoveToKnow Article on DUKES OF NEWCASTLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		WILLIAM CAVENDISH, duke of Newcastle (1592-1676), eldest surviving son of Sir Charles Cavendish and of Catherine, daughter of Cuthbert, Lord Ogle, and grandson of Sir William Cavendish and Bess of Hardwick, was born in 1592 and educated at St Johns College, Cambridge.
		The duke was certainly not a great man, but e was industrious and energetic, and to his credit be it said hat the statesman who almost monopolized the patronage of ffice for half a century twice refused a pension, and finally left ffice 300,000 poorer than he.entered it.
		Newcastle has a fine harbour, with an area of 540 acres, protected by two breakwaters; the breadth of the channel at its entrance is 1200 f t., and the depth at the bar is 2 5^ ft. Vessels of the largest tonnage can enter and lie alongside of the wharves, which are 5 m.
	2.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NE/NEWCASTLE_DUKES_OF.htm (2316 words)

	William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1592 – December 25, 1676) was an English soldier, politician and writer.
		Newcastle left in 1648 for Rotterdam with the intention of joining the Prince of Wales in command of the rebellious navy, and finally took up his abode at Antwerp, where he remained till the Restoration.
		At the Restoration Newcastle returned to England, and succeeded in regaining the greater part of his estates, though burdened with debts, his wife estimating his total losses in the war at the enormous sum of £941,303.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Cavendish%2C_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle (1086 words)

	Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (July 21, 1693 – November 17, 1768) was a British Whig statesman, whose official life extended throughout the Whig supremacy of the 18th century.
		The duke went into strong opposition, and lost his two lord-lieutenancies for opposing the ease of 1763.
		The duke was industrious and energetic, and to his credit be it said that the statesman who almost monopolized the patronage of office for half a century twice refused a pension, and finally left office £300,000 poorer than he entered it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle (702 words)

	Nottinghamshire Heritage Gateway \| Research Pathways \| People \| 4th Duke of Newcastle: Subject overview
		Politically, through their pre-eminent property interests, the Dukes of Newcastle had electoral influence in two Nottinghamshire boroughs, Newark and East Retford, together with seats in Yorkshire (Aldborough and Boroughbridge) and could not be ignored in respect of the county representation for Nottinghamshire.
		Though Newcastle survived both assaults on his interests (Retford being incorporated with the neighbouring hundred of Bassetlaw in 1830 and the duke purchasing most of the former Crown Lands in the mid-1830s), the respite was temporary.
		Newcastle remained a vocal opponent of change - be it the reform of the Municipal Corporations (1835), the new County Police (1839) or the Repeal of the Corn Laws (1846) - and continued to be a figure who raised extremes of opinion within the county.
	www.thorotonsociety.org.uk /gateway/people/newcastle/newcastle1.htm (1561 words)

	Encyclopedia: Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (July 21, 1693 - November 17, 1768) was a Whig statesman, whose official life extended throughout the Whig supremacy of the 18th century.
		The duke was certainly not a great man, but he was industrious and energetic, and to his credit be it said that the statesman who almost monopolized the patronage of office for half a century twice refused a pension, and finally left office £300,000 poorer than he entered it.
		John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford (1710-1771), second son of Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford, by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Howland of Streatham, Surrey, was born on 30 September 1710.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Thomas-Pelham_Holles%2C-1st-Duke-of-Newcastle (2868 words)

	Thomas Pelham-Holles, First Duke of Newcastle (1693-1768) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In May 1762 Newcastle resigned and was replaced by John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, favourite of young King George III.
		Newcastle was passionately devoted to the Hanoverian succession, to the cause of the Whigs, and to the game of politics for its own sake.
		Newcastle won a unique reputation for his skill and patience in securing a voting majority in the House of Commons by distributing posts, sinecures, and pensions.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Newcastle/Newcastle.html (403 words)

	William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Newcastle left in 1648 for Rotterdam with the intention of joining the of Wales in command of the rebellious and finally took up his abode at Antwerp where he remained till the Restoration.
		The Duke of Newcastle died on Christmas 1676 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
		As a commander in the field Clarendon spoke contemptuously of Newcastle as "a lamentable man and as fit to be general as a bishop".
	www.freeglossary.com /William_Cavendish,_duke_of_Newcastle (1036 words)

	Thomas Pelham Holles, Duke of Newcastle (1693-1768
		Newcastle was the first PM to spend his entire parliamentary career in the House of Lords, having taken his seat shortly after his 21st birthday.
		Newcastle continued to be influential in government throughout the reign of George I. In August 1743, Newcastle's brother, Henry Pelham, became PM.
		Newcastle's hopes that he would continue to be consulted as an "elder statesman" were dashed when the marquis formulated his own policies.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/pms/newcastle.html (803 words)

	§24. "The Life of William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle". IX. Historical and Political Writings. Vol. 7. Cavalier ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Life of William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, too, may be regarded as one of the lesser classics of English biographical literature, and contains, like its counterpart, a supplementary True Relation of the Birth, Breeding and Life of his faithful companion in adversity as well as in prosperity.
		It is true that many different estimates have been formed by different critics of the literary claims of Margaret, duchess of Newcastle, who, as became a loyal wife, has left behind her a biography of her husband which may be described as ample, but only a brief relation of what was personal to herself.
		Thus, while she illustrates the force of natural talent, however thinly beaten out, and the irresistible impulse of the pen, 37 she proves even more signally the value of that orderly training which she never underwent and openly contemned.
	www.bartleby.com /217/0924.html (465 words)

	Duke of Newcastle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duke of Newcastle is a title which has been created several times in the peerages of England and Great Britain.
		The title Earl of Newcastle was first created for Ludovic Stuart, the first Duke of Richmond.
		That title also became extinct in 1988 upon the death of the tenth Duke, as no male heirs to the title remained.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_of_Newcastle (277 words)

	Historical Biographies, Nova Scotia: The Duke of Newcastle (1693-1768).
		Thomas Pelham Holles, The Duke of Newcastle, was one of the most influential ministers in Great Britain during the critical years when France and England fought over their possessions in North America.
		History has not treated Newcastle with any degree of respect: Parkman describes him on the basis of being a "preposterous figure" for a person "standing at the head of a nation." "He had a feverish craving for place and power, joined to a total unfitness for both.
		The duke was an unusually rich landowner, with a band of constituents at his beck and call.
	www.blupete.com /Hist/BiosNS/1700-63/Newcastle.htm (667 words)

	Newcastle Waters, Northern Territory
		Newcastle Waters is a small settlement (but virtually un inhabitated) on the Stuart Highway named after the river which runs through the town, 80 miles south of Daily Waters and 450 miles south east of Darwin.
		Newcastle Waters was named after The Duke of Newcastle by the famous Australian explorer John Stuart in 1861 and the town is a good rest area with some heritage status buildings - of note is the bronze 'Drovers Statue'.
		Newcastle Waters is within the Katherine region and further north the vivid reds of the 'Red Centre' gradually give way to the more fertile environment found in a tropical monsoon climate.
	www.auinfo.com /Newcastle-Waters-northern-territory.html (313 words)

	Duke of Newcastle
		Thomas Pelham, Duke of Newcastle, is best known for leading Britain into the Seven Years War, a long military conflict with France which drained the nation and led to his own downfall.
		Newcastle came from a wealthy aristocratic family with strong political leanings - his brother, Henry Pelham, was also in politics and served as prime minister after Wilmington.
		The duke was said not to be a great man, but he was industrious and energetic, and to his credit he twice refused a pension.
	www.number-10.gov.uk /output/page170.asp (602 words)

	William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle - with commentary by Thomas Ritter \| ClassicalDressage.com
		William Cavendish, the 1st Duke of Newcastle (1592-1676), is one of the most important authors in the history of classical dressage.
		He was recompensated by Charles II who made him a duke in 1665, governor of the town of Newcastle, and chief justice of the counties north of Trent.
		Newcastle rejected Pluvinel's invention of the pillars, because he thought that too many horses were ruined in them by clumsy trainers.
	www.classicaldressage.com /quotes/cavendish.html (738 words)

	Britannia Government: Prime Ministers - Thomas Pelham-Holles
		Newcastle served as secretary of state for 30 years (1724-54) in the governments of Walpole, Wilmington and Pelham, his brother, whom he succeeded as first lord of the treasury and prime minister following his death.
		Newcastle formed a government of ambitious men including Henry Fox as secretary of war, who succeeded in leading the country into war with France.
		Newcastle served as lord privy seal in Rockingham's government (1765-66).
	www.britannia.com /gov/primes/prime4.html (360 words)

	Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle (1693-1768) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Newcastle owned vast estates in eleven counties which enabled him to influence elections in many constituencies.
		Newcastle was appointed PM in his brother's place, just as Anglo-French relations in north America were about to erupt into war.
		Newcastle attempted unsuccessfully to persuade Pitt the Elder to join his ministry and - having failed - tendered his resignation.
	www.dialspace.dial.pipex.com /town/terrace/adw03/pms/newcastl.htm (730 words)

	HENRY PELHAM - LoveToKnow Article on HENRY PELHAM
		(1696-1754), prime minister of England, younger brother of Thomas Holles Pelham, duke of Newcastle, was born in 1696.
		Being strongly in favor of peace, Pelham carried on the war with languor and indifferent success, but the country, wearied of the interminable struggle, was disposed to acquiesce in his foreign policy almost without a murmur.
		He had married in 1726 Lady Catherine Manners, daughter of the 2nd duke of Rutland; and one of his daughters married Henry Fiennes Clinton, 2nd duke of Newcastle.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PELHAM_HENRY.htm (415 words)

	Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Papers of Henry Pelham in the Newcastle Collection, University of Nottingham Administrative history and conditions of use for this collection.
		Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle under Lyne Catalogue of letters held at the University of Nottingham Library.
		Catalogue of the Papers of William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland Notes on the Portland Collection, held at the University of Nottingham.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Henry_Pelham-Clinton,_5th_Duke_of_Newcastle.html (363 words)

	Maine Local Government - Town of Newcastle - Main Page
		Newcastle is a town in Lincoln County, incorporated as a District on June 19, 1753 from the former Sheepscot Plantation, and as a town on August 23, 1775.
		Settled in the early 1630's, Newcastle was the first town to be incorporated within the colonial territory of Sagadahoc.
		It was named for the Duke of Newcastle, the King's primary secretary and a friend of the colonies.
	www.state.me.us /local/lincoln/newcastle (216 words)

	Nottinghamshire: history and archaeology \| The Scenery of Sherwood Forest: Clumber (4)
		The Duke, though by no means deficient in flattery, seems always to have spoken frankly and boldly to the King on public affairs, and occasionally contradicted even his strongest inclinations, of which his constant opposition to the employment of Hanoverian troops and his lukewarmness as to the vigorous prosecution of the war, were striking proofs.
		The Duke was violently opposed to all the constitutional changes that occurred during the second quarter of the nineteenth century, whether these changes concerned the claims of the Protestant dissenters, Catholic emancipation, or Parliamentary reform.
		The Duke worked night and day to bring his department into proper working order, and, though fault was found on all hands with his administration, it has since been acknowledged that, though his efforts were not crowned with success, yet he did all that was possible in the condition in which he was working.
	www.nottshistory.org.uk /rodgers1908/clumber4.htm (2552 words)

	William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, 1592-1676
		In the aftermath of the battle, Newcastle's troops even captured Thomas Fairfax's wife, but in a gesture typical of his attitude to war, she was sent to join Fairfax at Hull.
		Newcastle's role in the build up to the Battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644) was not creditable.
		During the battle Newcastle played an active part, even killing three of the enemy himself while supporting an attack, but once it was clear the battle was lost, he and Eythin made their way back to north.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/people_newcastle.html (1155 words)

	William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle (1592 - December 25, 1676) was an English soldier, politician and writer.
		When the Scottish war (1639 - 1640) broke out he assisted King Charles I with a loan of £10,000 and a troop of volunteer horse, consisting of 120 knights and gentlemen.
		In Antwerp he established his famous riding-school, exercised "the art of manage", and published his first work on horsemanship, Méthode et invention nouvelle de dresser les chevaux (1658, 2nd edition, 1747; translated as A General System of Horsemanship, 1743).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/william_cavendish__1st_duke_of_newcastle (1105 words)

	THOMAS PELHAM-HOLLES, 1. DUKE OF NEWCASTLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Seine Dienste wurden 1714 mit der Ernennung zum Earl of Clare und 1715 zum Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne belohnt.
		Er wurde 1718 Lordlieutannt in den Grafschaften Middlesex und Nottingham sowie Ritter des Hosenbandordens.
		Duke of Marlborough verband er sich weiter mit der Partei der Whigs.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/T/Thomas_Pelham-Holles%2C_1._Duke_of_Newcastle (386 words)

	Duke of Newcastle
		The Dukes of Newcastle are an aristocratic family in the United Kingdom, related to the Dukes of Devonshire with whom they share the surname of Cavendish, both families being descended from William Cavendish (pictured at right) and his wife, Bess of Hardwick.
		William Cavendish, the 1st Duke of Newcastle (December 6, 1592 - December 25, 1676) was a nephew of the first Earl of Devonshire.
		A famous family member was Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, (1623-1673), an Elizabethan poet, philosopher, playwright and essayist.
	www.fastload.org /du/Duke_of_Newcastle.html (231 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, duke of @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		NEWCASTLE, THOMAS PELHAM-HOLLES, DUKE OF [Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, duke of] 1693-1768, English politician, brother of Henry Pelham.
		He inherited (1711) the estates of his uncle, John Holles, duke of Newcastle, adopted his name, and received (1715) his title.
		Newcastle was ineffective and irresolute in his conduct of public affairs, but he wielded immense political influence through his clever use of patronage, helping to provide parliamentary majorities for Walpole, Pelham, and Pitt.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:NewcstlT&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (290 words)

	Newcastle, William Cavendish, duke of on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		His estates were restored, and he was created duke of Newcastle in 1665.
		Newcastle wrote several plays and books on horsemanship and was a lifelong patron of writers, among others Ben Jonson (who wrote two masques for the entertainment of Charles I at Newcastle's Welbeck estate in 1633 and 1634) and, later, John Dryden.
		His second wife, Margaret (Lucas) Cavendish, duchess of Newcastle, 1623?-1673, achieved contemporary notice for her poems, plays, essays, scientific treatises, letters, orations, and fantasies.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/NewcstlW1.asp (505 words)

	Newcastle - KwaZulu Natal South Africa
		Newcastle is a warm, well-watered and sunshine filled town in KwaZulu Natal South Africa.
		Newcastle was the fourth town founded in Natal and was named after the Duke of Newcastle (British-Colonial Secretary of the Cape at the time).
		Newcastle was also a strategic town in the Anglo-Boer war, featuring prominently in both the Boer and English defense.
	www.drakensberg-tourism.com /newcastle.html (449 words)

	- MSS - University of Nottingham
		NL 40/1 is an account of the principal sum and interest due to Thomas Coutts from a bond of the late 3rd Duke of Newcastle under Lyne dated 9 Mar. 1786 and of the arrears of an annuity under a bond dated 11 Aug. 1775; outstanding balance is £1,999.4.2..
		Second folio is bill to the trustees of the 4th Duke for the keeping of dogs and the killing of rabbits in the Park between 1803 and 1806; balance due £65.16.6..
		NL 48/1 is a bill detailing the duties to be paid by the Duke of Newcastle from the Court of Exchequer; balance due £118.5.0.; dated 31 Oct. 1806.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /mss/online/online-mss-catalogues/cats/nl.html (4178 words)

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