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	Normandy - LoveToKnow 1911
		From the confluence of the Epte and Seine to Ivry, the boundary between Normandy and the Ile-de-France is artificial; it is afterwards practically determined by the course of the Eure and the Sarthe.
		In 1329 the duchy of Normandy was revived in favour of John, son of King Philip VI.
		But Normandy was not recovered by the French till after the sack of Fougeres (1449) Cotentin was reconquered by Richmond (see Arthur, duke of Brittany) and the duke of Brittany; Rouen surrendered on the 29th of October 1449.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Normandy (3107 words)

	Normandy
		Normandy is a historic and cultural region encompassing the northern French départements of Manche, Calvados, Orne, Eure, and Seine-Maritime and coextensive with the former province of Normandy.
		William, duke of Normandy and a distant successor to Rollo, mounted an invasion of England in 1066 (see the Norman Conquest), becoming William I of England (William the Conqueror) and thus uniting the rule of England and Normandy in himself.
		Normandy is a region of flat grasslands and farmlands interrupted by gentle hills and the hedges that commonly serve to demarcate fields.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/N/Normandy.html (917 words)

	Normandy Excursions, Cultural travel tours of Normandy
		- Mer (The Sea) tells the early history of the Duchy of Normandy, from the arrival of the Norsemen, the conquest of England by William the Conqueror, to the fall of the duchy of Normandy to the King of France.
		The postcard was sent from Jumieges, the famed abbey that lies in ruins on the banks of the Seine and was the inspiration for the construction of the great Normandy abbeys of the 11th century.
		The photographs of the beach at Omaha Beach and of the American War Cemetery at Normandy in Colleville-sur-Mer are set to the Adagio for Strings by Samuel Barber and captioned with the war dispatches of Ernie Pyle and the speeches of President Clinton at the 50th anniversary of D-Day ceremonies.
	mynormandy.home.att.net (897 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Duke of Normandy is a title held or claimed by various Norman, English, French and British rulers from the 10th century until the present.
		In addition to claiming to be Duke of Normandy, after Henry V entered the Treaty of Troyes in 1420, English and British monarchs claimed the throne of France itself.
		British claims to the whole Duchy of Normandy, the throne of France and other French claims were not abandoned until 1801 when George III and Parliament, in the Act of Union, joined the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland and used the opportunity to drop their French claims.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Duke_of_Normandy (0 words)

	English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - William the Conqueror.
		England's first Norman king, William I, was born in 1028, at Falaise Castle, the illegitimate son of Robert the Devil or 'the Magnificent', Duke of Normandy and Herleve, (sometimes called Arlette) the daughter of Fullbert, a tanner of Falaise.
		Herleve was reported to have attracted Duke Robert with her dancing, in some accounts, he is said to have first caught sight of her while she was washing her linen in the castle moat.
		Duke Robert decided to expiate his sins, which were many, by going on pilgrimage in 1034.
	www.englishmonarchs.co.uk /normans.htm (2461 words)

	English History
		The paramount event in England of the eleventh century was the Norman invasion led by William, Duke of Normandy.
		Normandy was ravaged by wars during this time, and the class of knights, simply by its existence, was a large part of the cause.
		Many in Normandy knew that their duke expected to become the English king, and this apparent treachery by Harold was hard for William to ignore without a great loss of respect.
	www.cloptonfamily.org /d_hist/note1000.html (6489 words)

	English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - The Dukes of Normandy.
		Normandy was siezed by Louis IV of France and Richard taken into confinement, from which he eventually escaped and regained Normandy.
		Richard II of Normandy was born on 23 August, 963, the eldest son of Richard I and Gunnor de Crepon.
		On the death of William II in 1100, the English throne was siezed by the youngest of the Conqueror's sons, Henry I, leading Robert to launch an unsuccessful invasion of England to retake the crown.
	www.englishmonarchs.co.uk /dukes_of_normandy.htm (1071 words)

	Ancestors of King Of England William NORMANDY
		Although William was illegitimate, the Duke, soon to leave on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, persuaded the barons of Normandy to recognize William's birthright.
		William, the illegitimate son of the Duke of Normandy, spent his first six years with his mother in Falaise and received the duchy of Normandy upon his father's death in 1035.
		Normandy, a small duchy, could not supply all the men needed for an expedition of this size, but the prospect of invading England, with its natural resources and wealth, was an appealing one.
	www.whosyomama.com /gabroaddrick3/5931.htm (4039 words)

	William I, king of England. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07
		The illegitimate son of Robert I, duke of Normandy, and Arletta, daughter of a tanner, he is sometimes called William the Bastard.
		The accession (1060) of the child Philip I of France, whose guardian was William’s father-in-law, improved his position, and in 1063 William conquered the county of Maine.
		William fought with his factious son Robert II, duke of Normandy, in 1079 and quarreled intermittently with France from 1080 until his death.
	www.bartleby.com /65/wi/Will1Eng.html (683 words)

	Duke of Normandy information - Search.com
		The Duke of Normandy is a title held (or claimed) by various Norman, English, French and British rulers from the 10th century.
		As his predecessors were styled jarl of the Northmen (Normans), Richard II was the first to be formally styled duke of Normandy.
		James II, the King of England was created an honorary "Duke of Normandy" by King Louis XIV of France, December 31, 1660, the last reigning British monarch to hold the title.
	www.search.com /reference/Duke_of_Normandy (0 words)

	Normandy Information
		Upper Normandy (Haute-Normandie) consists of the French départements of Seine-Maritime and Eure, and Lower Normandy (Basse-Normandie) of the départements of Orne, Calvados, and Manche.
		However, she is not regarded as Duke of Normandy outside her realms since claims by English monarchs to the title were given up by the Treaty of Paris of 1259.
		Normandy is the native land of Taillevent, cook of the kings of France Charles V and Charles VI.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Normandy (1849 words)

	Normandy (Traditional province, France)
		Richard II started to adapt to Normandy the feudal institutions and used them to increase his power and stabilize his state, whereas those institutions were the source of the desagregation of the kingdom of the Franks.
		The union of Normandy and Flanders scared the pope and the king of France, and the foundation of the abbeys was Guillaume's answer.
		The reconstruction of Normandy was achieved with the foundation of the port of Le Havre by François I in 1517.
	flagspot.net /flags/fr-norm.html (2624 words)

	The Normans
		They were required, however, to enter into oaths to the duke; these oaths required their military service should the duke require it.
		From Normandy, the feudal system spread rapidly first to Italy and then France—with Duke William II, the Bastard, this new and powerful form of government would cross the channel to England.
		The network of loyalties always snaked back to the powerful figure of the duke—should their be a conflict between a nobleman and the duke, the sub-vassals of the nobleman were required to run to the side of the duke.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/NORMANS.HTM (1420 words)

	Normandy Region France Travel Gayot
		Normandy's 375 miles of coastline have been crossed by countless invaders, both incoming and outgoing, throughout its long history.
		Normandy is eminently accessible by road or train; it boasts monuments and places of interest to suit every palate.
		An astounding 90 percent of Normandy is farmland, and milk is the region's white gold.
	www.gayot.com /travel/france/normandy/intro.html (1700 words)

	Normandy Excursions, Cultural travel tours of Normandy: The Vikings' Legacy
		At William's death in 1087, Robert became duke of Normandy and William II became king of England.
		In Normandy, in 1106, Robert was defeated by his younger brother Henry Beauclerc, now King Henry I, at the battle of Tinchebrai, and jailed in Cardiff for the rest of his life, reuniting England and Normandy once again.
		Their power was too great a threat to the French kings: Philippe-Auguste invaded Normandy, and in 1204, after the fall of the fortress of Chateau-Gaillard, the duchy of Normandy would revert to the French crown.
	mynormandy.home.att.net /regards-mer.html (1568 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, AL (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In addition to claiming to be Duke of Normandy, after Henry V entered the Treaty of Troyes in 1420, English and British monarchs claimed the throne of France itself.
		British claims to the whole Duchy of Normandy, the throne of France and other French claims were not abandoned until 1801 when George III and Parliament, in the Act of Union, joined the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland and used the opportunity to drop their French claims.
		As all English monarchs and hereditary claimants to the Duchy of Normandy after William the Conqueror's son Henry Beauclerc inherited the English crown through at least one female ancestor, Henry Beauclerc (who died in 1135) was the last known hereditary Duke of Normandy under Salic Law.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Dukes_of_Normandy (1105 words)

	William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy
		The frontiers of ducal Normandy were established according to the strength at its disposal, but they were continually challenged by its neighbours.
		Between 1049 and 1051 the Duke of Normandy and the Count of Anjou were brought into conflict over the control of the Maine region.
		The Duke of Normandy now had his hands free to pursue the conquest of Maine which he had inherited on the death of Count Herbert II, who had taken refuge with him.
	www.mondes-normands.caen.fr /angleterre/histoires/3/histoireNorm3_5.htm (364 words)

	Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage and History
		Edward 'The Confessor' is thought to have promised William, Duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror, c.1027-87) the English throne in 1051.
		William was the illegitimate son of Robert the Devil and had become Duke of Normandy in 1035.
		In 1064 Harold Godwinsson was shipwrecked in Normandy (this event is depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry) and may have been tricked into swearing an oath to support William of Normandy's claim to England.
	www.camelotintl.com /world/02williamduke.html (911 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Normandy
		Normandy for nearly a century and a half was at once a sort of
		Normandy but of the royal family of England.
		Normandy was one of the provinces of France most
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11104a.htm (1434 words)

	William
		Duke William's claim is from a promise made in 1051.
		According to Duke William, King Edward the Confessor promised him the throne.
		The promise of the throne was King Edward's way of doing two things - repaying the help and solving the succession problem.
	www.btinternet.com /~mrfield/Conquest/duke_william.htm (105 words)

	Normandy Pubs
		While many believe the village of Normandy to be named after the Duke of Normandy pub, this seems unlikely because Normandy is referred to in deeds and maps as early as 1608.
		By 1855 the pub was established as the Duke of Normandy and was leased to Thomas Taunton, the Guildford brewer and it was fully licensed before 1869.
		The other alehouse in the hamlet of Normandy was the cottage at the sign of "The Swealed Cat" (also known as "The Swelled Cat"), at the bottom of Dolley's Hill on the Pirbright Road.
	normandyhistorians.guildford-surrey.co.uk /pubs.html (0 words)

	The Duke of Richmond Hotel Guernsey Channel Islands. History of Guernsey.
		Later in 1066, William, Duke of Normandy landed his conquering army in Sussex and became William the Ist of England.
		His Duchy of Normandy included the Channel Islands - Les Iles Normandes - and these became part of the combined realm of England and Normandy.
		After the Normandy landings in 1944, when the Islands were cut off from the French mainland, civilians and troops alike came close to starvation.
	www.dukeofrichmond.com /History.html (639 words)

	Duke of Normandy - Definition, explanation
		The Duke of Normandy is a title held (or claimed) by various Norman, English, French and British rulers from the 10th century.
		As his predecessors were styled jarl of the Northmen (Normans), Richard II was the first to be formally styled duke of Normandy.
		The future Louis XVII was also known as Duke of Normandy before his elder brother's death in 1789.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/d/du/duke_of_normandy.php (299 words)

	Emma of Normandy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Duke Richard l 'The Fearless' of Normandy, M (0933-0996)
		Emma's marriages and subsequent role forged the link between England and Normandy which was to culminate in her grandnephew William of Normandy's invasion of England in 1066.
		In 1013, Ethelred fled to Normandy, seeking protection by his brother-in-law, Robert of Normandy, when England was over-run by Sweyn Haraldsson of Denmark and his forces.
	www.cyberancestors.com /cummins/PS12_213.HTML (1100 words)

	All my Ancestors and then some - pafg54 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Rollon 1st Duke of Normandy [Parents] was born 866 in Maer, Norway.
		Richard I, Duke of Normandy [Parents] was born Aug 28 933 in Fecamp, Normandy, France.
		Gonnor married Richard I, Duke of Normandy on WFT Est.
	www.soft-light.com /allabbey/pafg54.htm (651 words)

	Was William Duke of Normandy a good king for England (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I don't think he really was because he killed off 1/5 of the population before he came to the throne.
		Answer other history and culture questions or watch the 1066 and the Battle of Hastings FAQ to hear about new questions on the Norman invasion as they're asked.
		"What are the good reasons for william duke of normandy becoming king of england?"...
	www.faqfarm.com /Q/Was_William_Duke_of_Normandy_a_good_king_for_England (338 words)

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