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Topic: Duke of Prussia

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Royal Prussia

Prussia

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	The Titles of the European Rulers
		Duke in Gelderland, of Magdeburg, Jülich, Kleve, Berg, Stettin, Pomerania, the Kashubes, the Wends, Mecklenburg, Krossen;
		Duke of Saxony, Angaria and Wesphalia, in Gelderland, of Magdeburg, Kleve, Jülich, Berg, Stettin, Pomerania, the Kashubes and the Wends, of Mecklenburg, Krossen;
		Duke of Saxony, Wesphalia and Angaria, Pomerania, Lüneburg, Holstein and Schleswig, Magdeburg, Bremen, Gelderland, Kleve, Jülich and Berg, the Wends and the Kashubes, Krossen, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg;
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/brandenburg.html (6640 words)

	East Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		East Prussia (German: Ostpreußen; Lithuanian: Rytų Prūsija; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya; Dutch: Oost-Pruisen; Spanish: Prusia Oriental;) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and of the German Empire, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia.
		East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancient ancestral lands of the Baltic Prussians.
		The remaining German population of East Prussia was brutally oppressed and expelled by the Communist regimes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/East_Prussia (1077 words)

	Prussia - Simple English Wikipedia
		Ducal Prussia was part of the Kingdom of Poland until 1660, and Royal Prussia was part of Poland until 1772.
		In 1618 the new Duke of Prussia was the Elector John Sigismund of Brandenburg.
		The Duchy of Prussia was important to the Hohenzollern family because it was not in the Holy Roman Empire.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prussia (1633 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Prussia
		At the height of its expansion, in the late 19th century, Prussia extended along the coasts of the Baltic and North seas, from Belgium, the Netherlands, France, and Luxembourg on the west to the Russian Empire on the east, to Austria-Hungary on the east, southeast, and south, and to Switzerland on the south.
		Modern Prussia was successively, with geographical modifications, an independent kingdom (1701-1871); the largest constituent kingdom of the German Empire (1871-1918); a constituent state, or land, of the Weimar Republic (1919-1933); and an administrative division, comprising 13 provinces, of the centralized German Third Reich (1934-1945).
		Frederick William's son, Frederick I, became king of Prussia in 1701, receiving royal recognition in exchange for a promise of military aid to Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. Frederick's son, Frederick William I, greatly increased the size of the Prussian army and rebuilt the organization of the state around the military establishment.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559027__1/Prussia.html (1057 words)

	MSN Encarta - Prussia
		After World War I (1914-1918), West Prussia was lost to Poland, and East Prussia was separated from the rest of German Prussia in 1919, under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, by a strip of formerly Prussian territory known as the Polish Corridor, designed to give Poland an outlet on the Baltic Sea.
		In 1947, after World War II (1939-1945), Prussia was abolished as a political unit and, with the exception of East Prussia, partitioned into various parts of the four zones of occupation in Germany, administered by France, Great Britain, the United States, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
		In 997 the Bohemian bishop and saint Adalbert was martyred as a missionary in Prussia.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761559027 (1014 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg169 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Albrecht Friedrich, Prince Of PRUSSIA was born on 1 Jun 1580 in, Khonigsberg, Ostpreussen, Prussia.
		Sofie, Princess Of PRUSSIA was born on 31 Mar 1582 in Of, Khonigsberg, Ostpreussen, Prussia.
		Wilhelm Friedrich, Prince Of PRUSSIA was born on 23 Jun 1585 in Of, Khonigsberg, Ostpreussen, Prussia.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg169.htm (2181 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Prussia
		The ruler of Brandenburg and Prussia became the son-in-law of the leader of the Calvinistic party, the Elector Palatinate, and his daughter married Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
		For a considerable length of time Napoleon tempted Prussia by holding out the hope of this acquisition, and in 1806 by the plan of a North German Confederation of which Prussia was to be the leader, Frederick William II even sought to gain territory in southern Germany.
		The ability of Prussia to accomplish the difficult task of defeating the attacks of Austria was probably due to the expert knowledge and clearness of the chief representative of its economic policy, Rudolf von Delbrück, and to the fact that Hanover joined the Zollverein in Sept., 1851.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12519c.htm (15015 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg168 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Wilhelm (Friedrich Phillip) Duke Of WhURTTEMBERG-URACH was born on 27 Dec 1761 in Stettin, Pommern, Prussia.
		Elisabeth Princess Of BRANDENBURG was born in 1425 in Of, Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia.
		Barbara Margravine Of MANTUA was born in 1423 in Of, Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg168.htm (1575 words)

	Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The land extending from the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea to the Masurian Lakes district was called "Prussia" by its Polish neighbours in the 10th century.
		In 1618 the dukedom of Prussia passed to the senior Hohenzollern branch, the ruling Margraves of Brandenburg.
		With the exception of Prussia, all of Brandenburg's lands were a part of the Holy Roman Empire, by this time under the all but hereditary nominal rule of the House of Habsburg.
	usapedia.com /p/prussia.html (2502 words)

	AllRefer.com - East Prussia, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		East Prussia, as the original Prussia came to be called, from 1701 to 1945 shared the history of Prussia.
		East Prussia bordered on Poland and Lithuania in the south and east and stretched to Memel and the Baltic Sea in the north and northeast.
		At the Potsdam Conference (1945), East Prussia was divided by two transfers; the transfers were made permanent by treaties between West Germany and Poland and the USSR that were signed and ratified between 1970 and 1972.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/EastPrus.html (553 words)

	PGSA - East Prussia
		East Prussia has a variety of soils: frumentaceous on the Niemen, Pregola and Warmia, sandy on the seashores and sandbars and in the powiaty of Niborsk, Szczytno and Jansbork; and there are large marshes in Labiawa and Pilkally powiaty.
		The greatest defeat for the Polish population of Ducal Prussia was the division of Poland, by which Frederick II regained all the territories formerly ceded in the Peace of Torun [1466], except for the bishopric of Warmia, and Gdansk and Torun; he acquired those two cities in the second division.
		From the land acquired in the third partition, South Prussia or New East Prussia was created; but in 1807 by the Peace of Tilsit that area had to be ceded to France, which created a free city of Gdansk district, and the other territory was incorporated in the Duchy of Warsaw.
	www.pgsa.org /eprussia.htm (1833 words)

	The Duchy of Courland, 1561-1795
		It was dependent from Grand duke of Lithuania, later from the king of Poland and Lithuania.
		Duke Jacob was captured by Swedish army in 1658-1660.
		Duke himself was more worried to enjoy glamorous celebrations and for these reasons spent more money, than it was possible.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Olympus/5539/courland/courland.html (1268 words)

	Timeline Prussia
		Prussia was the home of the pagan spiritual leader Krivis and the pagan center of Romuva that was dear to the Baltic people.
		Poland was given Pomerelia and West Prussia, and the knights retained East Prussia, with a new capital at Königsberg (Kaliningrad).
		The alliance of Russia, Austria and Prussia was formed after the downfall of Napoleon and later all European rulers signed the agreement except the prince regent of Great Britain, the pope and the sultan of Turkey.
	timelines.ws /countries/PRUSSIA.HTML (2515 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
		In the war between Prussia and France (1806) Charles Augustus first espoused the cause of Prussia, but to save his domains he was compelled to join the Rheinbund formed by Napoleon after the defeat of Prussia at Jena (14 Oct., 1806).
		In consequence of the Congress of Vienna (1815) Prussia surrendered to Saxe-Weimar a territory of 6600 sq.
		Before the Reformation of the sixteenth century, the territories constituting the present grand duchy were, ecclesiastically speaking, under the Archdiocese of Mainz, the coadjutor bishop residing at Erfurt exercising jurisdiction in the name of the archbishop.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13495b.htm (1328 words)

	Prussia in the later 17th Century
		George William was weak and ill. He moved to Königsberg in Prussia, and left effective power in the hands of the pro-Imperial, Catholic Count Adam von Schwartzenberg, who used armed force to levy contributions from Brandenburg with as little respect for local rights as the Swedish and Imperial occupiers.
		Prussia had escaped serious devastation in the Thirty Years War, but in 1656-57 the Tartars (allied with the Poles) launched a murderous attack, killing and enslaving many, and bringing a plague that killed 80,000.
		He led the burghers of the town in claiming that Prussia was still part of Poland, and appealed to John Casimir for help.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-151.htm (1957 words)

	FREDERICK WILLIAM OF BRANDENBURG - LoveToKnow Article on FREDERICK WILLIAM OF BRANDENBURG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After some difficulty be secured his investiture as duke of Prussia from Wladislaus, king of Poland, in October 1641, but was not equally successful in crushing the independent tendencies of the estates of Cleves.
		The area of his dominions was largely increased at the peace of Westphalia in 1648, and this treaty and the treaty of Oliva in 1660 alike added to his power and prestige.
		By a clever but unscrupulous use of his intermediate position between Sweden and Poland he procured his recognition as independent duke of Prussia from both powers, and eventually succeeded in crushing the stubborn and lengthened opposition which was offered to his authority by the estates of the duchy (see PRUSSIA).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FR/FREDERICK_WILLIAM_OF_BRANDENBURG.htm (1120 words)

	EAST PRUSSIA FACTS AND INFORMATION
		East Prussia (German: ''OstpreuÃen''; Lithuanian: ''RytÅ³ PrÅ«sija''; Polish: ''Prusy Wschodnie''; Russian: ''Ð’Ð¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐÑÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ —'' ''Vostochnaya Prussiya''; Dutch: ''Oost-Pruisen''; Spanish: ''Prusia Oriental'';) was a province of the Kingdom_of_Prussia and of the German_Empire, situated on the territory of former Ducal_Prussia.
		Today the northern part of East Prussia, with the exception of the "Memelland" which is now part of Lithuania, corresponds to Russia's Kaliningrad_Oblast (''KÃ¶nigsberg''); the southern parts form Poland's Warminsko-Mazurskie_Voivodship.
		From World_War_I until World_War_II, East Prussia and parts of West Prussia were exclaves of Germany, created as a result of the Treaty_of_Versailles when parts of West_Prussia and the former Prussian Province_of_Posen were ceded to Poland to create the so-called Polish_Corridor and the Free_City_of_Danzig.
	www.abait.com /East_Prussia (1064 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume VII. Modern Christianity. The German Reformation. (ii.vi.ix) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Prussia is said to have contained under the Knights two millions of people and more than fifty cities, which carried on an extensive trade by means of the Hanseatic League.
		The Duchy of Prussia in 1618 fell as an inheritance to John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg (1608–1619), son-in-law of the second Prussian Duke (Albert Frederick), and a descendant of Frederick of Hohenzollern, who had become margrave of Brandenburg by purchase in 1415.
		Prussia proper is a division of the kingdom of Prussia, and comprises East or Ducal Prussia and West or Royal Prussia, with a total area of 24,114 square miles, and a population of about three millions and a half.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc7.ii.vi.ix.html (3701 words)

	ALBERT (149o-1568) - Online Information article about ALBERT (149o-1568)
		year Prussia was devastated, and Albert consented early in 1521 to a truce for four years.
		German princes were either too busy or too indifferent to attack the duke, the agitation against him soon died away.
		The duke was consequently obliged to consent to a condemnation of the teaching of Osiander, and the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /AJA_ALL/ALBERT_149o_1568_.html (1410 words)

	Kingdom of Prussia 1701-1918 (Germany)
		When in 1660, the Duchy of Prussia became independent of Poland the way was opened to union with Brandenburg and thereby also the foundation of the Prussian state.
		In 1701, Prussia became a kingdom and from then till 1871, it was in a continuous stage of expansion until it came to be by far the largest German state, almost as large as all the others together.
		Frederick III, Prince Elector (Kurfürst) of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, proclaimed himself King of Prussia in 1701, with the acceptance of the Emperor and other German powers, partly in exchange for his support in the forthcoming War of the Spanish Succession.
	flagspot.net /flags/de-pr701.html (724 words)

	[No title]
		Until such time as these agreements can be ratified by the King of Poland and the Duke of Prussia and the archdiocese be restored to the archbishop, it shall be held in trusteeship by Hermann, Bishop of Dorpat, representing the master, and Johannes, Bishop of Ösel and Courland, representing the archbishop.
		Duke Christoffer shall be reinstated as the archbishop's coadjuator with all the dignity of that office, provided he give all the estates sufficient and emphatic assurances that he will uphold all the privileges, freedoms, laws and customs which have long prevailed in this land, confirmed by the Holy Roman Empire.
		But the Grand Duke raged against Livonia and threatened to invade it and so these emissaries agreed to a yearly tribute and ratified this agreement with seals and kissings of the crucifix, doing this, however, without instructions, authority or consent from the general estates of Livonia.
	department.monm.edu /history/urban/books/Renner1556-7.htm (6183 words)

	Scots in Eastern and Western Prussia - Preface and Introduction
		The map, I hope, will be useful not only as proving the decreasing density of Scottish emigration as it advanced towards the West, but also as a companion and guide for those Scottish travellers who may wish to visit these far-off scenes of the labours and sufferings of their countrymen.
		The last of them was Markgraf Albrecht of Brandenburg, a scion of the House of Hohenzollern, who resided here as Duke of Prussia.
		After the demise of the ducal line, the Duchy passed to the Kurbrandenburg line of Hohenzollern, and the famous "Great Elector" received homage at the Castle of Königsberg as Sovereign Duke of Prussia in 1663.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/prussia/preface.htm (802 words)

	Thwing Albert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Albert III of Austria, Duke of Austria 1365-1395
		Albert VI of Austria, Duke of Austria (ruler of Inner Austria) 1446-1463
		Albert, Duke of Saxony (1443-1500) Duke of Saxony
	www.blownspeakers.com /pages3/88/thwing-albert.html (496 words)

	Display Competition 2002
		Tim displayed an example coin of the lst Duke of Prussia (who was also Elector of Brandenburg) and several pieces of supporting literature.
		In 1511 Albert was elected grand master of the knights and became Duke of Prussia.
		However, in the chaotic times, where wheeler dealing was normal, the Duke of Prussia in fact paid allegiance to the King of Poland.
	website.lineone.net /~johnny.quinn/RCCWebPage/Display02.htm (525 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Duchy in Prussia, 1525-1618
		The Samland Peasant Revolt of 1525 was rather a demonstration of force on the side of peasants who had seen their economic and social status reduced.
		The capital of the Duchy in Prussia was Königsberg.
		In 1550/1551, during the Siege of Magdeburg, Duke Albrecht sent Prussian troops in order to relieve the city.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eceurope/prussia15251618.html (167 words)

	index.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		of Otto I, Duke of Meranien, Margrave of Istria, Graf Pfalz in Burgundy; m.
		1861 William I [House of von Hohenzollern], King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany in 1871 (b.
		1888-1918 William II [House of von Hohenzollern], King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany (b.
	www.remmick.org /Hohenzollern.Royal (741 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Joachim Frederick Hohenzollern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Joachim Friedrich Hohenzollern Kurfürst (elector) of Brandenburg succeeded his father Johann Georg as margrave of Brandenburg in 1598, and was in turn succeeded at his death by his son Johann Sigismund.
		He was duke of Prussia on account of his grandfather Joachim II Hector and his father Johann Georg having been co-inheritors of the Dukedom of Prussia.
		Joachim Friedrich's second marriage, in 1603, was to Eleonore Hohenzollern, born 1583, daughter of Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia and Marie Eleonore von Kleve.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/4102.htm (185 words)

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