Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp

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	Holstein-Gottorp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From 1544, when it was ceded to Adolf, the brother of King Christian III of Denmark, the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp shared the rule of Schleswig and Holstein with the Kings of Denmark.
		Although Peter's successors abandoned his policy of backing the pretensions of the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, from this marriage was born Karl Peter Ulrich, who succeeded to Holstein-Gottorp in 1739, and became heir to the Russian throne upon the accession of his aunt Elisabeth in 1741.
		Duke Karl Friedrich, however, fled to the court of Peter the Great of Russia, and for some time the Russians intrigued to restore Karl Friedrich to his lands in Schleswig.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Holstein-Gottorp

	SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION - LoveToKnow Article on SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION
		On Schleswig the Schauenburg counts had no claim; their election in Holstein would have separated the countries; and it was easy therefore for Christian to secure his election both as duke of Schleswig and count of Holstein (5 March 1460).
		Peter as duke of Gottorp, Adolphus Frederick, bishop ~ of Lbeck, son of Christian Augustus, acted as regent ~
		In Holstein an agitation in his favor had begun from the first, and this was extended to Schleswig on the terms of the new Danish constitution becoming known.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SC/SCHLESWIG_HOLSTEIN_QUESTION.htm

	Schleswig. Who is Schleswig? What is Schleswig? Where is Schleswig? Definition of Schleswig. Meaning of Schleswig.
		From 1864 Schleswig-Holstein was part of Prussia until a referendum in 1920 resulted in Northern Schleswig joining Denmark, whereas Southern Schleswig voted for staying to be a part of Germany.
		Schleswig was together with Holstein the cause for several disputes between Germany and Denmark in the 19th century.
		The Duchy of Schleswig was a fief under the Danish Crown until 1864, from 1460 in personal union with Denmark.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Schleswig

	Peter III of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His parents were Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (nephew of Charles XII of Sweden), and Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna, a daughter of Emperor Peter the Great of Russia and his second wife, Catherine I of Russia (a former Latvian peasant, Martha Skavronskaya).
		In 1739, Peter's father died, and he became Duke of Holstein-Gottorp as Karl Peter Ulrich.
		He was supposedly assassinated as a result of a conspiracy allegedly led by his wife, who succeeded him to the throne as Catherine II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia

	Holstein - Wikpedia
		The Duke of Holstein-Gottorp was forced to give up his lands in Schleswig to the Kings of Denmark following the Great Northern War in 1720, but he retained his lands in Holstein until 1773.
		Holstein (Hol-shtayn) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe, Eider and the Schlei firth.
		From the 15th century, Holstein was, along with the Danish Duchy of Schleswig, inherited by the Kings of Denmark.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Holstein

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Christian_IX_of_Denmark
		He was born in Gottorp the fourth son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlÃ¼cksburg and Louise Caroline, Princess of Hesse.
		In November 1863 Frederick of Augustenborg claimed the twin-duchies in succession after King Frederick VII of Denmark, who also was the Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, and who had died without a male heir.
		The duchies were inherited after the salic law among descendants of Helwig of Schauenburg, senior of which after Frederick VII was Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1829-1880) (the future father-in-law of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany), who 1863 proclaimed himself as Frederick VIII of Schleswig-Holstein.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Christian_IX_of_Denmark

	index.php?title=Christian_I
		In 1460 King Christian also became Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein (during his tenure, Holstein was 1474 elevated a Duchy by the Holy Roman Emperor).
		Christian inherited Schleswig-Holstein after a short "interregnum" as the eldest son of the sister of late Duke Adolf VIII, Duke of Schleswig (Southern Jutland) and Count of Holstein, of the Schauenburg fÃ¼rst clan, who died 4 December 1459, without children.
		His mother was his father's second wife, Hedwig of Schleswig and Holstein (Helvig of Schauenburg) (died 1436).
	www.4lawschool.com /index.php?title=Christian_I

	Articles - Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlÃ¼cksburg
		Neither the Dukes of Beck nor of GlÃ¼cksburg were sovereign rulers - they held their lands in fief to the sovereign Dukes of Schleswig and Holstein - the Kings of Denmark and (before 1773) the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp.
		The last of them became Duke of GlÃ¼cksburg and changed his title accordingly to Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlÃ¼cksburg-Beck.
		This particular line helds from the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.
	www.izeez.com /articles/Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl%FCcksburg

	AllRefer.com - Schleswig, former duchy, Germany and Denmark (German History) - Encyclopedia
		Schleswig and Holstein (which had also become a duchy) underwent complex subdivisions, although theoretically the principle of the inseparability of the two duchies was not violated.
		His descendant, Christian I of Denmark, inherited (1460) both Schleswig and Holstein, but he was obliged to recognize the inseparability of the two territories and to affirm that they were bound to the Danish crown by a personal union only.
		Grand Duke Paul (later Emperor Paul I), renounced (1773) the ducal portion of Holstein, yielding it to the Danish crown, in exchange for Oldenburg.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Schleswg.html

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Schleswig
		On the death in 1459 of Adolf VII, son of Gerhard VI, the line of the counts of Schauenburg became extinct, and the estates of Schleswig and of Holstein elected in 1460 as duke and count the Danish King Christian of the Oldenburg dynasty, who was the sob of Adolf's sister.
		Waldemar V was elected King of Denmark and in return gave the Duchy of Schleswig to his uncle, the Count of Holstein.
		The new duke and count, though, was obliged to swear that both countries should be "forever undivided", and that they should be independent of Denmark in their internal administration and constitution.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13542a.htm

	Frederick VIII of Schleswig and Holstein
		Duke Frederick VIII (July 6, 1829 - January 14, 1880) (Friedrich Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg in German), was the father-in-law of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany.
		In November 1863 Frederick claimed the twin-duchies in succession after King Frederick VII of Denmark, who also was the Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, and who had died without a male heir.
		Bismarck used the turbulence to invade the duchies in a Second war of Schleswig, and in the end both the independence-movement, Duke Frederick and all other interested powers were put aside, and the duchies incorporated into Prussia.
	www.kiwipedia.com /en/frederick-viii-of-schleswig-and-holstein.html

	Schleswig-Holstein
		With the duke Abel became Sønderjylland a Danish fief in the hands of a collateral branch of the royal house who often acted treacherously towards the king and allied them selves with the counts of Holstein.
		Formally was Schleswig and Holstein still two separate states in a personal union with the dukes as co-regents.
		When Abel's line became extinct 1375 was Sønderjylland united with Holstein whereby the state of Schleswig-Holstein was created.
	www.tacitus.nu /historical-atlas/regents/germany/schleswig-holstein.htm

	ChristianIXbio
		Christian of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Glucksburg was born on April 8, 1818 in Gottorp.
		Th Duke of Augustemburg had died but his son Frederik, who was the actual Duke, proclaimed himself Duke of Schleswig Holstein.
		Schleswig and Holstein were still being property of the Danish King but Denmark was to respect their integrity by no trying anymore to incorporate them to its territory.
	www.geocities.com /jesusib/ChristianIXbio.html

	Schleswig-Holstein
		Because its dukes did not take part in the government of Schleswig and Holstein is this duchy marked as a part of the king of Denmark’s domains in the maps below.
		The nobility in Schleswig and Holstein however elected the Danish king Christian I as duke and count after he promised that Schleswig and Holstein would for all eternity be undivided and united.
		This would have resulted in the return of Schleswig to the Danish crown and that Holstein would have been inherited by a different branch of the house of Schauenburg.
	www.tacitus.nu /historical-atlas/scandinavia/schleswig-holstein.htm

	Norway & Sweden
		She was the daughter of Friedrich III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, and married Carl X Gustav, King of Sweden, in 1654.
		The King died in 1660, and is remembered at the palace by the Baroque style Carl X Gustav Gallery.
	www.heritagesites.eu.com /norway/drottn.htm

	Russian Antiques: Peter III
		Karl Peter Ulrich (1739-1762), duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp and a grand son of Peter I the Great became Emperor Peter III of Russia in 1761, he was overthrown by his wife - Catherine (later Catherine II the Great) in summer 1762.
		The front gilt plate of the Grenadier Cap is mounted with the black Imperial eagle, which holds 2 crowned medallions with hand painted coats of arms of Russia and Holstein.
		New uniform for those regiments reflects his passion for Prussian type of uniform, which he introduced to the Russian Army.
	www.romanovrussia.com /Grenad.html

	HISTORY OF THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN DYNASTY
		generation Grand Dukes are Princes or Princesses of the Blood Imperial (styled Prince or Princess of Russia) with the title Highness (this qualification then descending by male primogeniture to subsequent generations), yr sons and daughters of subsequent generations have the title Serene Highness.
		Volhynia and Podolia, Duke of Courland 24 Oct 1795, Grand Duke of Finland 17 Sep 1809, King of Poland 26 Feb 1832.
		Titles of Tsar(ina) of the Chersonnese Taurica assumed 1778, and Kiev 4 Jan 1793, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/gotha/russhist.htm

	Frederick I of Denmark
		Frederick was elected co-Duke of Schleswig and Holstein in 1482, after the death of his father, the other co-duke being his elder brother Johann (or Hans).
		Sophie and Frederic had six children: Duke Johan of Holstein (born in 1521), Elisabeth (born in 1524), Duke Adolf of Holstein (born in 1526), Anna, Dorothea (dead 1528) and Bishop Friedrich of Hildesheim and Schleswig (born in 1532).
		The expedition failed however miserably in the Battle of Hemmingstedt, where one third of all knights of Schleswig and Holstein lost their lives.
	www.theezine.net /f/frederick-i-of-denmark.html

	Oldenborg - IBWiki
		In 1460 he inherited the duchy of Schleswig and the county of Holstein.
		Duke Frederik VII (Monarch of the Scandinavian Realm) offered to build one in the Jade Busen, and in 1869 it was innaugurated and christened Friedrichshaven.
		Some difficulties, however, arose from this joint ownership, but eventually these were satisfactorily settled, and from 1702 the counties were ruled by the kings of Denmark-Norway only.
	ib.frath.net /w/Oldenborg

	About Russian Hamlet
		Thus Paul, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp in a sense could be called a prince of Denmark, even though that was not part of his official tittle.
		After the murder of Peter III, Paul inherited his father’s rights to the territory of the German duchy of Holstein and the title of Duke Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.
		In 1773, when Paul reached his majority and as a full-fledged German duke was able to exercise his legal rights, his mother gave to Denmark the part of Holstein that belonged to her son in exchange for the duchy of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, leaving the heir with nothing but the title.
	www.ardani.com /AboutHamlet.html

	The House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, 1939-1945
		Adopted by Duke Ernst Günther of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg in 1920.
		Elisabeth, Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, born in Schleswig on September 10, 1945.
		Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece, Duke of Sparta (1901-)
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /royalty/houses/glcksburg.html

	ADOLPHUS FREDERICK
		His father was Christian Augustus (1673--1726), duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, bishop of Lubeck, and administrator, during the war of 1700--1721, of the duchies of Holstein-Gottorp for his nephew Charles Frederick; his mother was Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach.
		From 1727 to 1750 he was bishop of Lubeck, and administrator of Holstein-Kiel during the minority of Duke Charles Peter Ulrich, afterwards Peter III.
		ADOLPHUS FREDERICK (1710-1771), king of Sweden, was born at Gottorp on the 14th of May 1710.
	simplestartpage.com /2301_ADOLPHUS_FREDERICK.HTML

	Salvatore Fabris
		Gustavus Adolphus was himself the son of Duke Karl (Karl IX of Sweden).
		Duke Karl, whose ambition knew no bounds, tried to obstruct this by introducing, abetted by the Church and the nobility in Sweden, religious and political demands calculated to make Sigismund renounce the throne of Sweden.
		The plan had been to murder Duke Karl during the performance, but he had been warned that an attempt on his life was imminent, and did not come to the banquet.
	www.thehaca.com /essays/Fabris_the_Assassin.htm

	nordstrand
		Seven years earlier in 1627, the Danish ruler of the Nordstrand Island, Frederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, had lost a battle against the German troops of Emperor Friedrich II at Lutter during the Thirty Years War.
		The Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, including the North Frisian islands, were ruled by Danish Dukes, members of the Royal Family of Denmark.
		The Duke gave the shareholders the right to rule the island, and to control the jurisdiction and the police.
	www.rabbel.info /nordstrand.html

	OELSCHLAGER (OLEARIUS), ADAM - LoveToKnow Article on OELSCHLAGER (OLEARIUS), ADAM
		Under Oelschlager's direction the celebrated globe of Gottorp (n ft. in diameter) and armillary sphere were executed in 1654-1664; the globe was given to Peter the Great of Russia in 1713 by Duke Frederick's grandson, Christian Augustus.
		Once back at Gottorp, Oelschlager became librarian to the duke, who also made him keeper of his Cabinet of Curiosities, and induced the tsar to excuse his (promised) return to Moscow.
		Under his care the Gottorp library and cabinet were greatly enriched in MSS., books, and oriental and other works of art: in 1651 he purchased, for this purpose, the collection of the Dutch scholar and physician, Bernard ten Broecke (" Paludanus").
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /O/OE/OELSCHLAGER_OLEARIUS_ADAM.htm

	Natural History: Theater Of The Stars - 300 years of human interest in astronomy led to the building of the Hayden Planetarium
		In the mid-1600s, Adam Olearius, court mathematician and librarian to the duke of Holstein-Schleswig-Gottorp, designed a hollow, ten-foot-diameter, water-powered rotating sphere into which people could climb to see gilded constellations illuminated by centrally placed oil lamps.
		At best, the Gottorp globe was a crude depiction of the celestial sphere, but it could not adequately represent the planets of our Solar System.
		The orrery was ideal for displaying the Copernican model of the planets in our Solar System, but, like the Gottorp globe, it failed to provide an integrated view of the universe.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_1_109/ai_59210817

	CHRISTIAN IX - Online Information article about CHRISTIAN IX
		Prussia, and to the separation of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and See also:
		family served with the Danish troops in Schleswig during the insurrection of '848; but he was a personage of little importance until about 1852, ten years after his See also:
		Born at Gottorp on the 8th of See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHR_CLI/CHRISTIAN_IX.html

	Ancestors and Family of Frederick I of Denmark Oldenburg
		The younger son of Christian I, king of Denmark and Norway, Frederick divided the duchies of Schleswig (now in Germany and Denmark) and Holstein (now in Germany) in 1490 with his older brother John, who succeeded to the Danish throne in 1481.
		He was also accepted as king of Norway in 1524 but continued to live in Gottorp, claiming his Danish revenues were inadequate.
		After failing to win sovereignty over half of Norway and parts of Denmark, Frederick settled in Gottorp, where he reformed the territory's administration.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/2114.htm

	Ancestors and Family of Christian III of Denmark Oldenburg
		The eldest son of Frederick I, king of Denmark and Norway, Christian was educated as a Lutheran and showed Protestant zeal as statholder (chief executive) in the Danish provinces of Schleswig and Holstein (1526).
		After settling his debt to Holstein in 1542, Christian declared war against Charles V and closed The Sound (Øresund), the entrance to the Baltic Sea, to shipping from the Netherlands; this was a serious economic blow to the Emperor.
		King of Denmark and Norway who established the state Lutheran Church in Denmark (1536) and, by forming close ties between the church and the crown, laid the foundation for the absolutist Danish monarchy of the 17th century.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/2116.htm

	Danish Occupation of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, 1684-1689
		In the Treaty of Oliva 1660, Sweden had forced Denmark to recognize the independence of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (the line Gottorf (in Dan.: Gottorp) owned roughly half of the two duchies; the other half was Danish).
		England and the Dutch Republic guaranteed the sovereignty of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf.
		Diplomatic mediation and pressure in 1689 resulted in the Treaty of Altona, which restored Duke Christian Albrecht to his territories.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/hgottorp16831689.html

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In the News (Thu 24 Dec 09)