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	Valentinois - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		From the 12th to the 15th century Valentinois belonged to a family of Poitiers, which must not be confused with that of the counts of Poitiers.
		The new duchy of Valentinois, however, did not consist of the lands attached to the former one, but was made up of several scattered lordships in Dauphine.
		The title of duke of Valentinois is still borne by the prince of Monaco.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Valentinois (247 words)

	Informat.io on Duke Of Valentinois
		Duke of Valentinois (French: Duc de Valentinois; Italian: Duca Valentino), formerly Count of Valentinois, is an extinct title in the French peerage, and is currently one of the many hereditary titles of the Prince of Monaco.
		Louis XV thereupon recreated the title of Valentinois by letters patent, signed in December 1715 and registered on 2 September 1716, for Jacques, who was to succeed his father-in-law Antoine as Prince Jacques I; like the previous creation, its inheritance was restricted to male heirs.
		Albert bestowed the title of Duchess of Valentinois upon his adopted grand-daughter Charlotte, thenceforth known as Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois, on 20 May 1919.
	www.informat.io /?title=duke-of-valentinois (566 words)

	Chapter 12 Page 4
		The Duke of Valentinois was invited to return to Rome, to take his share in the family rejoicing, and on the day when the news was made public the governor of St. Angelo received orders that cannon should be fired every quarter of an hour from noon to midnight.
		Also the Duke of Valentinois sent out messengers into all the cities of Romagna to order that Lucrezia should be received as sovereign lady and mistress: grand preparations were at once set on foot for the fulfilment of his orders.
		The Duke of Valentinois was not disappointed, and the future Duchess of Ferrara was admirably received in every town along her route, and particularly at Cesena.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Dumas/Borgias/Dumas_BorgiasC13P4.htm (1135 words)

	12
		The French army, which the Duke of Valentinois had just joined, consisted of 1000 lances, 4000 Swiss, and 6000 Gascons and adventurers; further, Philip of Rabenstein was bringing by sea six Breton and Provencal vessels, and three Genoese caracks, carrying 6500 invaders.
		The capture of Naples gave the Duke of Valentinois his liberty again; so he left the French army, after he had received fresh assurances on his own account of the king’s friendliness, and returned to the siege of Piombino, which he had been forced to interrupt.
		While Lucrezia was on her way to Ferrara to meet her fourth husband, Alexander and the Duke of Valentinois resolved to make a progress in the region of their last conquest, the duchy of Piombino.
	books.rakeshv.org /html/borgs11/borgs11ch14.html (2656 words)

	VALENTINOIS - Online Information article about VALENTINOIS
		mistress, Diane de Poitiers, a descendant of the counts of Valentinois.
		Crown, the duchy was given by Louis XIII.
		The new duchy of Valentinois, however, did not consist of the lands attached tothe former one, but was made up of several scattered lordships in See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TUM_VAN/VALENTINOIS.html (370 words)

	Borgia, Cesare - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Archbishop of Valencia and a cardinal by 1493, Cesare resigned the dignity after the death (1498) of his elder brother, the duke of Gandia, in whose murder he was probably involved.
		Made duke of Romagna (1501) by the pope, Cesare also seized (1502) Piombino, Elba, Camerino, and the duchy of Urbino, and he crowned his achievements by artfully luring his chief enemies to the castle of Senigallia, where he had some of them strangled.
		By killing his enemies, packing the college of cardinals, pushing his conquests as fast as possible, and buying the loyalty of the Roman gentry, he had hoped to make his position independent of the papacy, or at least to insure that the election of any future pope would be to his liking.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-borgia-c.html (542 words)

	Cesare Borgia
		Cesare Borgia, duke of Valentinois and Romagna (1476 1507), was the son of Pope Alexander VI by Vanozza dei Cattanei.
		It was suggested that the motive of the murder was the brothers' rivalry in the affection of Donna Sancha, wife of Giuffrè, the pope's youngest son, while there were yet darker hints at incestuous relations of Cesare and the duke with their sister Lucrezia.
		Now that the duke of Gandia was dead, the pope needed Cesare to carry out his political schemes, and tried to arrange a wealthy marriage for him.
	www.nndb.com /people/172/000092893 (1586 words)

	Cesare Borgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		"Duke Valentino" was born in Roma in 1476 and died at Castello di Viana, Spain, in 1507.
		In 1499 he married Charlotte d'Albret, a sister of the king of Navarre and lady-in-waiting at the court of Louis XII of France.
		He died at the age of 32, on march 12, 1507, fighting for the king and against his insurgent vassals during the siege of the Castle of Viana.
	www.gicas.net /sinigallia/cesare.html (759 words)

	Chapter 11 Page 4
		The ambassadors at last arrived: the first was M. de Villeneuve, the same who had come before to see the Duke of Valentinois in the name of France.
		At the end of a few days busy with entrenchments, the breach became practicable, and the Duke of Valentinois ordered an assault, and gave the example to his soldiers by being the first to march against the enemy.
		But in spite of his courage and that of his captains beside him, Astor Manfredi made so good a defence that the besiegers were repulsed with great loss of men, while one of their bravest leaders, Honario Savella; was left behind in the trenches.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Dumas/Borgias/Dumas_BorgiasC12P4.htm (491 words)

	The Borgias by Dumas, Alexandre - Chapter 14
		The Duke of Valentinais on the frontier of Tuscany
		brothers or nephews of the Duke of Romagna.
		The King of France, the Duke of Ferrara, and the republic of Florence
	www.literaturepost.com /chapter/8827.html (5747 words)

	Niccolò Machiavelli
		In October he was sent, much against his will, as envoy to the camp of Cesare Borgia, Duke of Valentinois.
		The duke was then in Romagna, and it was Machiavelli's duty to wait upon and watch him.
		Machiavelli conceived the strongest admiration for Cesare's combination of audacity with diplomatic prudence, for his adroit use of cruelty and fraud, for his self-reliance, avoidance of half-measures, employment of native troops, and firm administration in conquered provinces.
	www.nndb.com /people/654/000034552 (6014 words)

	5 THE MURDER OF ALFONSO OF ARAGON
		“He was wounded at the third hour of night near the palace of the Duke of Valentinois, his brother-in-law, and the prince ran to the Pope, saying that he had been wounded and that he knew by whom; and his wife Lucrezia, the Pope’s daughter, who was in the room, fell into anguish.
		“He was wounded near the palace of the Duke of Valentinois.” This looks exceedingly like an attempt to pile up evidence against Cesare, and shows a disposition to resort to the invention of it.
		If we accept all, then we find that it was as a measure of retaliation that Cesare compassed the death of his brother-in-law, which made it not a murder, but a private execution-justifiable under the circumstances of the provocation received and as the adjustment of these affairs was understood in the Cinquecento.
	books.rakeshv.org /html/lcbga10/lcbga10ch15.html (2471 words)

	Embassy of France in the U.S. -Hôtel Matignon
		But the expense of the enterprise forced the Prince of Tigny to sell, and it was the Count of Matignon who bought the Hotel, completed in 1725, as a present for his son, the Duke of Valentinois.
		The Duke died, and finding herself in Vienna and once more a dancer, she became the mistress of Joseph II.
		A short time later the Hôtel was sold to the Duke of Galliera, Raffaele de Ferrari, member of the Genoese nobility and husband of Marie de Brignole Sale, great niece to the Princess of Monaco.
	www.ambafrance-us.org /atoz/matignon.asp (1515 words)

	Illustrious People
		After the death of his brother, the Duke of Gandia, in 1498, Cesare renounced his ecclesiastical dignities and embarked upon that secular career which earned him the admiration of Machiavelli.
		French support for Alexander's policy of subjecting all the Papal State to obedience was essential and, accordingly, in 1499 Cesare married Charlotte d'Albret, sister of the King of Navarre, having first been created Duke of Valentinois and Dios.
		In 1501 Alexander created him Duke of Romagna, whereupon he set about the creation of that new state which many contemporaries praised as a model of good government.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/illustri/borgia_c.html (665 words)

	The Life of Cesare Borgia
		Of France, Duke of Valentinois and Romagna, Prince of Andria and Venafri Count of Dyois, Lord of Piombino, Camerino and Urbino, Gonfalonier and Captain-General of Holy Church
		Calixtus invested this nephew with all temporal power that it was in the Church's privilege to bestow, to the end that he might use it as a basis to overset the petty tyrannies of Romagna, and to establish a feudal claim on the Kingdom of Naples.
		For we know that Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, the Duke of Milan's brother, was the most active worker in favour of Roderigo's election, and that this same election was received and celebrated in Milan with public rejoicings.
	www.englishatheist.org /bb/borgia.shtml (17947 words)

	Borgias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He put his son Juan, the Duke of Spanish Gandia, at the head of the papal military forces, and indecisive battles against the Orsini dragged on for months.
		Alexander initially took the murder of his son Juan, Duke of Gandia, as an omen that reform and repentance were needed, and he actually framed the reform ordinances.
		Cesare, no longer a Cardinal, was designated Duke of Valentinois and Peer of France, and he set off for Paris with the annulment for Louis XII and with a dispensation for Louis to marry Queen Anne, the widow of his deceased cousin and predecessor, Charles VIII.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VBorgias.html (3854 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History Biographies : Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He was also given the title of Duke and placed in charge of the Church armies.
		He became extremely jealous of his younger brother, Juan, when he was given the title of Duke of Gandia.
		King Louis XII of France gave him the title Duke of Valentinois.
	www.saburchill.com /history/biblio/008.html (476 words)

	thePeerage.com - Richard White and others
		She was the daughter of William Drogo Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester and Luise Friederike Auguste Gräfin von Alten.
		She married, firstly, Sir William Alexander Louis Stephen Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton, son of William Alexander Anthony Archibald Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton and Marie Amelie Elisabeth Karoline Prinzessin von Baden, on 10 December 1873 in Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, England.
		She was the daughter of William Alexander Anthony Archibald Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton and Marie Amelie Elisabeth Karoline Prinzessin von Baden.
	www.thepeerage.com /p10128.htm (1506 words)

	Amazon.fr : Justice of the Duke: Livres en anglais: Rafael Sabatini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Amazon.fr : Justice of the Duke: Livres en anglais: Rafael Sabatini
		Cesare Borgia, Duke of Valentinois and Romanga, has been the subject of much study and debate.
		In The Justice of the Duke, Sabatini paints an enduring picture of Italian life under the duke and reveals the true nature of this much-reviled man. This is a story of passion, revenge and murderous ambition with all the skill and ambition that has earnt Sabatini his masterly reputation.
	www.amazon.fr /Justice-Duke-Rafael-Sabatini/dp/184232814X (217 words)

	The Borgias by Dumas, Alexandre - Chapter 13
		The Duke of Valentinois was invited to return to
		The Duke of Valentinois was not disappointed, and the future Duchess
		duke, who was not on the same vessel as the pope, seeing that his
	www.literaturepost.com /chapter/8826.html (4299 words)

	Ailred
		The moat important of all, however, was the carrying out of Luther's advice with regard to the transformation of the territory of the order into a hereditary secular duchy under the suzerainty of Poland, after the period of the truce had expired and peace had been made with Poland.
		Luther's representations, at first unsuccessful, finally evoked the duke's prohibition of the secret or public preaching or teaching of the enthusiasts; at the same time he stated that he allowed his subjects liberty in matters of faith, since he would not force a belief upon the people.
		Duke Uncilen (588-605) was probably, and his successor Cunzo was certainly, a Christian.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc01/htm/iii.iii.htm (16435 words)

	Augustus Hare Society Pages
		The honours conferred upon him in Sardinia, induced the prince of Monaco to offer M. Trenca the appointment of Comptroller General of the Finances on his return home, an office which he accepted with reluctance.
		The year following he again accompanied the Duke of Valentinois to Turin, and on this occasion was entrusted by the Sardinian Minister of Foreign Affairs with the delicate mission of sounding his master as to his intentions regarding the cession of Monaco to Sardinia.
		The suspicion which this difficult task threw upon his fidelity, led to an accusation that he was in secret correspondence with the Sardinian government.
	augustus-hare.tripod.com /mentone12.html (1273 words)

	Fictionwise eBooks: Love-At-Arms by Rafael Sabatini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As the Duke's armies lay siege to the impregnable castle, which must survive on supplies of much wine and little powder, the count turns the tables on his enemies.
		In a brief preamble he touched upon the character of Gian Maria Sforza, the reigning Duke of Babbiano--seated upon its throne by his powerful uncle, Lodovico Sforza, Lord of Milan.
		He exposed the man's reckless extravagances, his continued self-indulgence, his carelessness in matters of statecraft, and his apparent disinclination to fulfil the duties which his high station imposed upon him.
	www.fictionwise.com /ebooks/eBook31618.htm (2041 words)

	CliffsNotes::The Prince:Book Summary and Study Guide
		He mentions far too many individuals to be listed here, but several make repeated appearances in The Prince, and it is helpful to keep them and their relationships in mind.
		Son of Francesco Sforza and Duke of Milan, he encouraged King Charles VIII of France to invade Italy.
		Cesare Borgia Alexander VI’s son, Duke of Valentinois in France, and conquerer of the Romagna region in Italy.
	www.cliffsnotes.com /WileyCDA/LitNote/id-148,pageNum-6.html (339 words)

	The Life of Cesare Borgia
		The Life of Cesare Borgia Of France, Duke of Valentinois and Romagna, Prince of Andria and Venafri Count of Dyois, Lord of Piombino, Camerino and Urbino, Gonfalonier and Captain-General of Holy Church A History and Some Criticisms
		Consider that with Calixtus III's assumption of the Tiara Rome became the Spaniard's happy hunting-ground, and that into the Eternal City streamed in their hundreds the Catalan adventurers--priests, clerks, captains of fortune, and others--who came to seek advancement at the hands of a Catalan Pope.
		No. For we know that Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, the Duke of Milan's brother, was the most active worker in favour of Roderigo's election, and that this same election was received and celebrated in Milan with public rejoicings.
	www.pos1.info /l/lcbga.htm (17802 words)

	Duke of Valentinois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		5 List of Counts and Dukes of Valentinois
		[edit] List of Counts and Dukes of Valentinois
		This page was last modified 13:52, 4 March 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_of_Valentinois (603 words)

	Albert's whereabouts? - Page 24 - Royal Blue Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Another boards says that Andrea Casiraghi has been given the title 'Duke of Valentinois.
		looks like this title is acquired only at the death of the previous duke of valentinois(rainier got it when his mom died in '77 not before).
		The title of Duke de Valentinois conjure up the infamous Borgia or Borja family.
	forums.rbhq.net /showthread.php?p=171094 (2206 words)

	Italy,Lazio,Medieval Towns,Hill Towns,Lenola,Castle of Sermoneta, Annibaldi,Pietro Caetani,
		It is said that during a visit by the Austrian emperor Federico III in 1452, his soldiers were permitted to have a free hand in the wine-cellars were they "ended in wine up to their knees."
		Pope Alexander VI confiscated the Caetani estates, gaving them to his son Cesare Borgia the Duke of Valentinois.
		Alexander gave the castle itself to his daughter Lucrezia Borgia.
	www.judypat.com /italy/sercastle.htm (545 words)

	The memoirs of Jacques Casanova de Seingalt, by Giacomo Casanova (chapter30)
		The eldest, Coraline, was kept by the Prince of Monaco, son of the Duke of Valentinois, who was still alive; and Camille was enamoured of the Count of Melfort, the favourite of the Duchess of Chartres, who had just become Duchess of Orleans by the death of her father-in-law.
		After the death of his father, the Duke of Valentinois, the prince left her altogether and married Mlle.
		Madame la Dauphine was delivered of a prince, the Duke of Burgundy, and the rejoicings indulged in at the birth of that child seem to me incredible now, when I see what the same nation is doing against the king.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /c/casanova/c33m/chapter30.html (7238 words)

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