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Topic: Dulia

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	Dulia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Catholic theologians insist that the difference is one of kind and not merely of degree; dulia and latria being as far apart as are the creature and the Creator.
		A further distinction is made between dulia in the absolute sense, the honour paid to persons, and dulia in the relative sense, the honour paid to inanimate objects, such as images and relics.
		With regard to the saints, dulia includes veneration and invocation; the former being the honour paid directly to them, the latter having primarily in view the petitioner's advantage.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/d/dulia.html (207 words)

	Summa Theologica
		We shall consider (1) dulia, whereby we pay honor and other things pertaining thereto to those who are in a higher position; (2) obedience, whereby we obey their commands.
		Or again, he forbade him to pay the honor of dulia, in order to indicate the dignity of John himself, for which Christ equaled him to the angels "according to the hope of glory of the children of God": wherefore he refused to be honored by him as though he were superior to him.
		Reply to Objection 2: Hyperdulia is the highest species of dulia taken in a wide sense, since the greatest reverence is that which is due to a man by reason of his having an affinity to God.
	www.godrules.net /library/summa/SS103.htm (2400 words)

	Veneration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In traditional Christian Churches of Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, veneration (Latin veneratio, Greek δουλια dulia), or veneration of saints, is a special act of honoring a dead person who has been identified as singular in the traditions of the religion, and through them honoring God who made them and in whose image they are made.
		Church theologians have long adopted the terms latria for the sacrificial worship due to God alone, and dulia for the veneration given to saints and icons.
		In his Institutes of the Christian Religion, John Calvin writes that "(t)he distinction of what is called dulia and latria was invented for the very purpose of permitting divine honours to be paid to angels and dead men with apparent impunity." However, many Anglicans do venerate saints.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dulia (497 words)

	Summa Theologica
		Objection 3: Further, the movement whereby one is moved towards an image is the same as the movement whereby one is moved towards the thing represented by the image.
		On the contrary, Dulia is condivided with latria.
		In another way it may be taken in a strict sense as denoting the reverence of a servant for his lord, for dulia signifies servitude, as stated above (Article [3]).
	www.ccel.org /a/aquinas/summa/SS/SS103.html (2451 words)

	Honor - Latria, Hyperdulia, Dulia & Simple Honor
		The third type of honor is “dulia,” and that is given to all the angels and saints in heaven.
		Dulia or veneration goes to all the good angels and to all the Saints.
		We give relative veneration (dulia) to the images of the angels and Saints (other than the Blessed Virgin Mary).
	www.truecatholic.org /pope/honor.htm (1164 words)

	Latria (Worship), Dulia (Honor), and Veneration of the Saints by Raymond Cote
		JW> Dulia is the special worship, generally call veneration, given to the angels and saints because as friends of God they share in His excellence.
		JW> Hyperdulia is the highest form of dulia, and is to be given to Mary alone.
		Most important to our purposes here is the fact that both dulia and latria, in their verbal and substantival forms, are used to translate the one term avad.
	www.bringyou.to /apologetics/a97.htm (8991 words)

	Canonization, THE SERAPH, Vol XIX No3, November 1998
		"Dulia" is the secondary veneration which Catholics give to saints and angels as the servants and special friends of God.
		Dulia is subdivided into the simple cultus of dulia and "hyperdulia," which is that higher veneration which we give to the Blessed Virgin, who is the most exalted of all the saints by her merits and dignity, though, of course, infinitely inferior to God.
		The prohibition of idolatry, it is needless to say, continues in full force, but the danger of falling into this crime has, to a very great extent, passed away from Christian nations.
	friarsminor.org /xix3-11.html (3792 words)

	Is Mary Worshiped by Catholics? (The Latria / Dulia Distinction) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The reverence which, according to Orthodox and RC theology, may be paid to the saints, as contrasted with hyperdulia, which may be paid only to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and latria (Gk., latreia), which is reserved for God alone.
		As contrasted with dulia, that fullness of Divine worship which may be paid to God alone.
		So, as usual, so-called exclusively "Catholic" words are found to have a completely biblical basis, and to follow the distinction even present in the pre-biblical Greek etymology, since the Latin dulia and latria are directly derived from the Greek.
	ic.net /~erasmus/RAZ204.HTM (381 words)

	Mariology
		Dulia - A theological term signifying the honor paid to the saints
		Today, the belief in the corporeal assumption of Mary is universal in the East and in the West; according to Benedict XIV it is a probable opinion, which to deny were impious and blasphemous.
		Articles: Feast of the Assumption of Mary; Dogmatic Theology; Dulia; Immaculate Conception; The Blessed Virgin Mary
	www.angelfire.com /fl2/csf/mariology.html (1469 words)

	The Vatican Bank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The lowest is called dulia, and is the veneration given to saints.
		Some modern theologians have suggested that below hyper-dulia, but above dulia, should be placed proto-dulia, veneration to Mary's husband, Joseph.
		When a Roman Catholic prays before a manger scene, he must employ latria to Jesus, dulia to Joseph and hyper-dulia to Mary.
	www.angelfire.com /ky/dodone/Dulia.html (110 words)

	Spero Forum - Baptist, Protestant, and Catholic Discussion - Do Catholics "Worship" Mary?
		As the terminology of Christian theology developed, the Greek term latria came to be used to refer to the honor that is due to God alone, and the term dulia came to refer to the honor that is due to human beings, especially those who lived and died in God’s friendship—in other words, the saints.
		A special term was coined to refer to the special honor given to the Virgin Mary, who bore Jesus—God in the flesh—in her womb.
		This term, hyperdulia (hyper [beyond]+ dulia = "beyond dulia"), indicates that the honor due to her as Christ’s own Mother is beyond the dulia given to other saints.
	www.speroforum.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1089 (2892 words)

	From the Mailbag - Pros Apologian
		Maybe I'm confused about something, but this distinction seems rather obvious to me. Thomas Aquinas, for example says this about "dulia": Wherefore dulia, which pays due service to a human lord, is a distinct virtue from latria, which pays due service to the lordship of God.
		So "dulia" (though given to the saints in the Catholic Church) is given to those "who excel in dignity." It would be appropriate to render dulia (as far as I know) to our parents, political leaders...anyone worthy of honor.
		Anyway, my question is how you justify the rejection of any distinction between latria (adoration due to God) and dulia (the honor due to those worthy of honor as creatures).
	www.aomin.org /index.php?itemid=1527 (592 words)

	CULT : Encyclopedia Entry
		Dulia is the "honor," "respect," "affection," due to saints -- Mary, as the mother of Christ, is given "hyperdulia," and traditionally St. Joseph as "foster-father and guardian" of Christ is honored with "protodulia," but in all cases, this dulia is best termed respect and honor.
		In no way is dulia owed to statues, icons or other depictions of saints, but to the saints themselves, of whom such depictions are mere reminders.
		Latria is the cult of worship, and this belongs, in Catholic theology, to God alone -- hence, to the Eucharist (as, for Catholics, this is one way that Christ is "truly present") and to each person of the Trinity.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Cult (9323 words)

	The Duty of Honor in Christian marriage - John F. Wagner, Jr. - Homiletic & Pastoral Review - January 2000
		Observance consists of honoring “all those who excel in dignity,” while dulia “pays due service to a human lord” (and both of these virtues are distinct from latria, “which pays due service to the lordship of God”;) (q.
		In his commentary on the virtue of dulia in the book A Companion to the Summa, Fr.
		As set forth by the Catechism of the Catholic Church in its treatment of offenses against truth, honor “is the social witness given to human dignity, and everyone enjoys a natural right to the honor of his name and reputation and to respect” (n.
	www.catholic.net /rcc/Periodicals/Homiletic/JAN00/marriage.html (1861 words)

	History of the Papacy
		The former are to be worshipped with dulia; the latter with latria.
		God is to be worshipped with supreme veneration; the saints are to be venerated in an inferior degree.
		Right reason and the express declarations of Scripture combine in testifying that God alone is the object of worship, and that we cannot offer prayer or perform an act of adoration to any other being, however exalted, without incurring the highest criminality.
	www.fbinstitute.com /papacy/b2c18.html (1875 words)

	Book I Chapter 12
		Passages of Scripture subversive of the Papistical distinction, and proving that religious worship is due to God alone.
		The distinction of what is called dulia and latria was invented for the very purpose of permitting divine honours to be paid to angels and dead men with apparent impunity.
		For it is plain that the worship which Papists pay to saints differs in no respect from the worship of God: for this worship is paid without distinction; only when they are pressed they have recourse to the evasion, that what belongs to God is kept unimpaired, because they leave him latria.
	www.spurgeon.org /~phil/calvin/bk1ch12.html (1545 words)

	Apostate Café: Summa Theologica
		For the honor of "latria" is due to God the Father Himself on account of His Godhead; and the honor of "dulia" on account of the dominion by which He rules over creatures.
		Since, therefore, the Blessed Virgin is a mere rational creature, the worship of "latria" is not due to her, but only that of "dulia": but in a higher degree than to other creatures, inasmuch as she is the Mother of God.
		Reply to Objection 1: The honor due to the king's mother is not equal to the honor which is due to the king: but is somewhat like it, by reason of a certain excellence on her part.
	www.apostate.com /religion/summa/TP/TP025.html (3633 words)

	Latria, Dulia, And Hyperdulia - phatmass phorum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I know that latria is the worship we give to God, dulia is the honor we show to the saints, and hyperdulia is the honor we show to the Blessed Virgin.
		Latria is the honor and worship we give to GOD ALONE!! When we honor the saints we honor God, but we honor him THROUGH DULIA.
		Jinkeys!! What I'm saying is that dulia and hyper dulia are NOT at the same time LATRIA.
	www.phatmass.com /phorum/index.php?showtopic=2824 (617 words)

	Home About Us Doctrinal St
		meaning, “honor,” which is to God alone and dulia, meaning, “servitude” (veneration), which is given to the saints; however, Mary is to receive “hyper-dulia,” which is the highest form of dulia.
		Three forms of worship in RCC theology: latria (honor), which is the highest form of worship—reserved for God alone, dulia (servitude), which is given to saints, and hyperdulia (the highest form of dulia), which is given to Mary
		His point was clear: what is given to the saints and Mary (dulia, servitude) is of greater value than what is given to God (latria, honor).
	www.christiandefense.org /Catholic.Mary.htm (1534 words)

	The Nickel Arcade » Dulia and Latria? What the…? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A Catholic friend of mine had a bit of discussion started about “dulia” and “latria” and that Protestants have no use for relics because they make no distinction between those words.
		Seriously, though, I think all “dulia” and “latria” should be given to the Lord, my God.
		Hence the “dulia” paid to saints and the “hyperdulia” paid to Mary.
	www.nickelarcade.net /archives/2004/07/30/dulia-and-latria-what-the (7297 words)

	Latria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Latria is sacrificial in character, and may be offered only to God.
		Catholics offer other degrees of worship to the Blessed Virgin Mary and to the Saints; these non-sacrificial types of worship are called Hyperdulia and Dulia, respectively.
		Hyperdulia is essentially a hightened degree of dulia provided only to the Blessed Virgin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Latria (405 words)

	Veneration
		And we have worship of hyperdulia, a higher veneration than dulia, but shorter in the
		dulia and hyperdulia, we give to a creature, we honor God Himself, for He is the source of all honor.
		It is a disobedience to not give honor to whom honor is due.
	www.kathyschley.com /Catholic_Churc/Venerationx.html (570 words)

	When Is Worship Not Worship?
		Some Catholic apologists might be quick to point to the differences between dulia and latria as evidence that Catholics do not worship Mary or any of the saints in the Roman Pantheon.
		Rome has declared, in her Catechism, in her Code of Canon Law, in her councils and papal pronouncements, in her breviaries, liturgies and church calendars, that worship is tendered, at different levels, to God Almighty, Mary and all the pantheon of saints and to their leavings.
		In an interesting sidebar, the Second Council of Nicea elected to use the word proskunei in addressing the veneration to be rendered to images rather than dulia, the preferred word for such veneration.
	www.sxws.com /charis/apol28.htm (2148 words)

	Relics of Franciscan Saints in the National Shrine of Saint Francis of Assisi in San Francisco
		Called dulia in Latin, veneration in the secular sense refers to honor, the sort of honor given, for example, to a judge as a representative of justice in court.
		In its ecclesiastical sense, dulia, or hyperdulia when referring to the Blessed Virgin Mary, refers to the honor we accord to the saints as evidence of God’s glory at work in human lives.
		We honor the saints for being instruments of divine grace and peace.
	www.shrinesf.org /relics.htm (696 words)

	Nativity of Our Lady, Birth of the Virgin Mary, Plinio Correa de Oliveira commentary on the Saint of the Day, September ...
		The worship of dulia, or veneration, the Church assigns to the saints.
		But to Our Lady she has a worship that is neither the simple worship of dulia nor the supreme worship of latria, but rather the worship of hyperdulia, which is a higher veneration unparallel to any other.
		So, we have a feast celebrating the birthday of the Holy Virgin, one of the many feasts the Church reserves for her.
	www.traditioninaction.org /SOD/j090sdNativity_9-08.htm (1249 words)

	South Dakota Emergency Medical Technicians' Association
		The 1980 conference was held in Mitchell with Montie Horn, Sioux Falls, elected as President; Dick Shaheen, Woonsocket, Vice President; Dulia Moren, Hot Springs, Secretary; Doug Kirkus, Mt. Vernon, Treasurer; T.J. Sanborn, Vermillion, National Board Representative; Betty Kaltenbach, Beresford, House Delegate; and Maynard Konechne, Kimball, House Delegate.
		This year’s conference was held in Spearfish with Dulia Moren, Hot Springs, becoming President; Dick Shaheen, Woonsocket, Vice President; Karen Horn, Sioux Falls, Secretary; Doug Kirkus, Mt. Vernon, Treasurer; T.J. Sanborn, Rapid City, National Board Representative; Betty Kaltenbach, Beresford, and Maynard Konechne, Kimball, as National Delegates.
		The conference was held in Sioux Falls with Dulia Moren, Hot Springs, remaining President; Dick Shaheen, Woonsocket, Vice President; Karen Horn, Sioux Falls, Secretary; Doug Kirkus, now of Mitchell, Treasurer; and T.J. Sanborn, Pierre, National Representative.
	www.sdemta.org /history80.htm (1224 words)

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