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	Messier Object 27
		The Dumbbell Nebula Messier 27 (M27, NGC 6853) is perhaps the finest planetary nebula in the sky, and was the first planetary nebula ever discovered.
		This planetary nebula is certainly the most impressive object of its kind in the sky, as the angular diameter of the luminous body is nearly 6 arc minutes, with a faint halo extensing out to over 15', half the apparent diameter of the Moon (Millikan 1974).
		That the nebula is so much brighter than the star shows that the star emits primarily highly energetic radiation of the non-visible part of the electro-magnetic spectrum, which is absorbed by exciting the nebula's gas, and re-emitted by the nebula, at last to a good part in the visible light.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m027.html (677 words)

	Little Dumbbell Nebula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Little Dumbbell Nebula (also known as the Cork Nebula, the Butterfly Nebula, the Barbell Nebula, Planetary Nebula M76, Messier Object 76, Messier 76, M76, NGC 650, or NGC 651) is a planetary nebula in the Perseus constellation.
		The nebula was given two NGC numbers as it was suspected to be a double nebula with two components in contact.
		The appearance of the Little Dumbbell Nebula resembles to some degree that of the Dumbbell Nebula M27.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Little_Dumbbell_Nebula (139 words)

	Dumbbell Nebula M27 - Night Sky Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Dumbbell Nebula M27 was the first planetary nebula ever discovered.
		This planetary nebula is certainly the most impressive object of its kind in the sky, as the angular diameter of the luminous body is nearly 6 arc minutes, with a faint halo extensing out to over 15', half the apparent diameter of the Moon (Millikan 1974).
		As for most planetary nebulae, the distance of M27 (and thus true dimension and intrinsic luminosity) is not very well known.
	www.nightskynation.com /universe/nebulae/dumbbell+nebula+M27 (199 words)

	Dumbbell Nebula (M27, NGC 6853)
		It lies in Vulpecula, was the first planetary to be discovered, by Charles Messier in 1764, and is the easiest object of its type to see with a small telescope.
		The bright portion of the nebula is expanding at a rate of 6.8" per century, leading to an estimated age of 3,000 to 4,000 years.
		However, if it were to be viewed from near one pole, it would probably have the shape of a ring and perhaps appear similar to the Ring Nebula.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/D/Dumbbell_Nebula.html (208 words)

	Calvin College Observatory: Images--M27, the Dumbbell Nebula
		Although the distance to the nebula is not precisely known, it is approximately 1200 light-years away.
		The Dumbbell was designated a “planetary nebula” by William Herschel around 1784, because of its shape (an extended, more or less uniform disk as seen through a modest telescope), similar to that of the newly-discovered planet of Uranus.
		The celestial coordinates of the Dumbbell Nebula are 19h59.6s,+22deg43' (epoch 2000).
	www.calvin.edu /academic/phys/observatory/images/m27 (722 words)

	Astro-Photos.com - The Dumbbell Nebula by Jeff Stys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Dumbbell Nebula (M27, NGC 6853) in Vulpecula was discovered by Charles Messier in July of 1764.
		It is one of the nearest planetary nebulae at a probable distance of 850 light years and is also one of the largest of its type with a diameter of about 2.5 light years.
		The Dumbbell Nebula which is approximately 48,000 years old (most planetaries are about 20,000 years old) expands at a rate of 17 miles per second or about 1.0" per century.
	homepage.mac.com /jstys/m027.html (451 words)

	M27 - The Dumbbell Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The largest of the class of planetary nebulae, M27's distance is estimated to be about 900 light years.
		The central star is magnitude 13.5 and as with all planetary nebulae it is a hot bluish dwarf.
		The nebula is formed by the ejection of material from the hot central star.
	members.aol.com /ccdastronomy/m27.html (154 words)

	ESO - 1998
		Colour image of the Dumbbell planetary nebula (Messier 27), obtained on September 28, 1998, with FORS at VLT UT1.
		Dumbbell Nebula - also known as Messier 27 or NGC 6853 - is a typical planetary nebula and is located in the constellation Vulpecula (The Fox).
		The gas atoms in the nebula are excited (heated) by the intense ultraviolet radiation from this star and emit strongly at specific wavelengths.
	www.eso.org /outreach/press-rel/pr-1998/phot-38-98.html (1896 words)

	M27 - The Dumbbell Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The largest of the class of planetary nebulae, M27's distance is estimated to be about 900 light years.
		The central star is magnitude 13.5 and as with all planetary nebulae it is a hot bluish dwarf.
		The nebula is formed by the ejection of material from the hot central star.
	www.astroimages.org /ccd/m27.html (154 words)

	M76 The Little Dumbbell Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Messier 76 is a typical planetary nebula similar to M27, the Dumbbell Nebula, from which it gets its name.
		This nebula is one of the fainter of the Messier objects.
		The distance to the nebula is not precisely known.
	www.waid-observatory.com /m076-2003-10-15.html (114 words)

	Space Today Online -- Deep Space Astronomy -- Dumbbell Nebula
		The Dumbbell Nebula is an ordinary planetary nebula located in the constellation known as The Fox (Vulpecula).
		The Dumbbell Nebula, also known as M27 or NGC 6853, was described first by French astronomer and comet hunter Charles Messier who found it in 1764.
		A nebula is a diffuse mass of interstellar dust or gas, or both, visible as luminous patches or areas of darkness depending on the way the gas and dust absorb or reflect radiation.
	www.spacetoday.org /DeepSpace/Stars/Nebula/DumbbellNebulaVLT.html (303 words)

	Dumbbell Nebula
		The Dumbbell Nebula is a planetary nebula which is located in the constellation Vulpecula.
		The Dumbbell Nebula is located at 19 59.6 right ascension and 22 43 declination.
		This Planetary Nebula has an apparent angular size of 8.0 x 5.7 and a visual brightness of 7.4.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /nebulas/dumbbell.htm (73 words)

	The Dumbbell Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Dumbbell Nebula - also known as Messier 27 or NGC 6853 - is a typical planetary nebula and is located in the constellation Vulpecula (The Fox).
		The gas atoms in the nebula are excited (heated) by the intense ultraviolet radiation from this star and emit strongly at specific wavelengths.
		They were colour-coded as "blue", "green" and "red", respectively, and then combined to produce this picture that shows the structure of the nebula in "approximately true" colours.
	www.hq.eso.org /outreach/gallery/vlt/images/Top20/Top20/top6.html (261 words)

	Dumbbell Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		M27, the Dumbbell Nebula, is one of the closest and largest planetary nebulae in the sky.
		The nebula spans 1.2 light-years and was formed when the star at the center died and
		Most of the light from a planetary nebula is green light from excited oxygen atoms.
	www.darkskyimages.com /m27.htm (152 words)

	APOD: 2003 July 25 - Dumbbell Nebula Halo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Cataloged as M27, it is now popularly known as the Dumbbell Nebula, not for its substandard academic performance but for the elongated shape, like a bar with weights on each end, which first caught Messier's eye.
		This deep image of the bright planetary nebula does reveal the Dumbell's central star though, and an array of foreground and background stars toward the sly constellation Vulpecula.
		The picture is a composite that includes 8 hours of exposure through a filter designed to record only the light of hydrogen atoms, tracing the intricate details of the nebula's faint outer halo which spans light-years.
	www.brera.mi.astro.it /apod/ap030725.html (177 words)

	M-27, Dumb-bell Nebula, Planetary Nebula
		While M-27 is neither the largest nor the brightest planetary nebula in the sky, it may well be the easiest to view in a small telescope.
		Ultra-violet light from this star causes oxygen in the nebula to glow a ghostly green, and hydrogen to glow red.
		Note that the formation of a Planetary Nebula is a rather gentle event, nothing like the titanic explosions (supernovae) that mark the passing of heavy stars.
	www.kopernik.org /images/archive/m27.htm (445 words)

	HubbleSite - Close-Up of M27, the Dumbbell Nebula - Image - 2/10/2003
		The Dumbbell, a nearby planetary nebula residing more than 1,200 light-years away, is the result of an old star that has shed its outer layers in a glowing display of color.
		The nebula, also known as Messier 27 (M27), was the first planetary nebula ever discovered.
		The knots are forming at the interface between the hot (ionized) and cool (neutral) portion of the nebula.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2003/06/image/a (578 words)

	Multiwavelength Messier 27 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Messier 27 is more commonly known as the Dumbbell Nebula because it vaguely resembles the weights you might lift to strengthen your arms.
		M27 is an example of a planetary nebula, resulting from the gentle expulsion of gas from a normal-sized star (like our Sun).
		That is, the exposure time is sufficiently long that the central regions of the nebula suffer from saturation, or "white out".
	coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu /cosmic_classroom/multiwavelength_astronomy/multiwavelength_museum/m27.html (448 words)

	USATODAY.com - Astronomers pin down cause of strange cosmic shapes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A new study seems to confirm one crucial aspect of what's behind the mysterious shapes, that they are sculpted in large part by the magnetic field of the dying star that spawns them.
		One of the most well known is the Dumbbell Nebula, whose name aptly describes its form.
		Each star anchors a planetary nebula and was a strong candidate to fit the theory.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2005-01-10-strange-nebulae_x.htm (687 words)

	Dumbbell nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This planetary nebula was formed when an evolved, red giant star ejected its outer envelope near the end of its lifetime, when nuclear fusion stops in its core..
		The expanding cloud of gas becomes visible once the hot core of the white dwarf star, visible near the center, is exposed and the high-energy, ultraviolet light from the core ionizes the cloud.
		The Dumbbell nebula is about 850 light-years away from Earth and about 1.5 light-years in diameter.
	www.wolaver.org /Space/dumbbell0.htm (193 words)

	M27, The Dumbbell Nebula
		They were named originally because their discoverers observed them visually and they did not appear as stellar point sources, but rather as small diffuse objects that resembled the outer planets in our solar system such as Uranus and Neptune when seen in a telescope.
		Planetary nebula are shells of gas shed by stars late in their life cycles after using up all of their nuclear fuel.
		Planetary nebulae do not last long at all in cosmic terms, the shell of gas expands and diffuses becoming invisible and the star turns into a white dwarf.
	www.astropix.com /HTML/E_SUM_N/M27.HTM (257 words)

	The Use of Filters
		This is another type of LPR filter; the spectrum of wavelengths passed by the Meade Broadband is nearly identical to that of the SkyGlow.
		The California Nebula is similar in that it is just barely visible without the H Beta.
		They look like a nebula filter in a large holder that goes in front of the eyepiece and can manually tilted to tune the frequency of the light.
	sciastro.net /portia/advice/filters.htm (3030 words)

	Dumbbell Nebula
		The Dumbbell Nebula (which is also known as nebula M 27 and NGC 6853) is a glowing cloud of gas and dust located some 1240 light years away toward the constellation Vulpecula.
		The Dumbbell Nebula was the first planetary nebula ever to be discovered, by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1764.
		The nebula was formed by shells of gas are cast off by an aging giant stars late in life, some 4000 years ago.
	www.astrographics.com /GalleryPrintsIndex/GP0073.html (220 words)

	Little Dumbbell Nebula (M76, NGC 650 and 651)
		A planetary nebula in the constellation Perseus that resembles, but is smaller and fainter than, the Dumbbell Nebula; it also known as the Cork Nebula, Butterfly Nebula, and Barbell Nebula and was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1780.
		The bright bar-shaped main body (measuring 42" x 87"), is probably a slightly elliptical ring seen edge-on from only a few degrees off its equatorial plane.
		Finally, there is a faint halo covering a region about 290" in diameter, consisting of material that was probably ejected in the form of stellar winds from the central star when it was still in its red giant phase.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/L/Little_Dumbbell_Nebula.html (228 words)

	SPACE.com -- Hubble Dazzles: Striking New Close-up of Dumbbell Nebula
		It is a planetary nebula, a category of objects that has nothing to do with planets but was so-named because early, crude telescopes could only resolve the objects well enough to make them look like the fuzzy outer planets of our own solar system.
		The colorful gas and dust in the nebula are the remains of a star that has cast off its outer layers and is near death.
		The knots are forming at the interface between the hot cool portion of the nebula.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/hubble_dumbell_030210.html (488 words)

	Planetary Nebula M27 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The planetary nebula Messier 27 (NGC 6853) in Vulpecula, shown from a 120-second red-light exposure (in twilight) with a Tektronix 2048x2048 CCD at the prime focus of the 4-meter Mayall telescope of Kitt Peak National Observatory.
		Note the faint arcs closing in the ends of an oval shape left vacant by the bright, visually obvious parts of the nebula.
		In the colliding-wind paradigm for structure of these nebulae, these faint, bulging regions represent the faster wind from the later stages of the star's evolution, which by analogy with the solar wind, might be from the star's poles.
	www.astr.ua.edu /gifimages/m27r.html (205 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Dumbbell nebula, in our own Milky Way Galaxy, is a planetary nebula, named thusly because early telescope quality made even nebulae like this one (the first ever discovered by Charles Messier in 1764) look like the fuzzy blobs of our own solar system's planets.
		The gas and dust of this nebula are what's lefft of a dying star, after it's cast off the outer matter.
		The nebula, which looks a bit like a dumbell in ordinary non-Hubble images, is officially known as Messier 27 (M27).
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=3293106&postID=90302335 (191 words)

	Dumbbell Nebula - Vulpecula
		M27 (NGC 6853) is the famous Dumbbell Nebula, one of the most photographed planetary nebulae in the night sky.
		The Dumbbell Nebula was discovered on 12th July 1764 by Charles Messier and was the first planetary nebula to be discovered.
		lanetary nebulae are formed in the dying stages of a star when the core fusion reactions decline to the extent that the star's structure cannot be supported - gravity forces the outer part of the star to collapse inwards, causing the inner part to condense and heat up.
	www.astrocruise.com /m27.htm (420 words)

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