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	Dumuzi
		In the Sumerian Descent of Inanna he is the husband of the goddess Inanna, the Sumerian counterpart of Ishtar.
		According to the Sumerian King-List Gilgamesh was descended from 'Dumuzi a shepherd'.
		Dumuzi was originally a mortal ruler whose marriage to Inanna ensured the fertility of the land and the fecundity of the womb.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/d/dumuzi.html (194 words)

	Tammuz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Babylonia, the month Tammuz was established in honor of the eponymous god Tammuz, who originated as a Sumerian shepherd-god, Dumuzid or Dumuzi, the consort of Inanna and in his Akkadian form the parallel of Ishtar's consort, the Syrian Adonis who was drawn into the Greek pantheon.
		In the Sumerian King List Dumuzid the Fisherman appears as "Dumuzi the Fisherman, whose city was Kua, reigned 100 years" the third king of the first dynasty of Uruk, reigning between Lugalbanda and Gilgamesh the son of Lugalbanda, a situation not explained in extant texts.
		The myth of Inanna and Dumuzi formed the subject of a Lindisfarne Symposium, published as The Story of Inanna and Dumuzi: From Folk-Tale to Civilized Literature: A Lindisfarne Symposium, (William Irwin Thompson, editor, 1995).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tammuz (1006 words)

	a14para
		Dumuzi and Inanna were not the parents of mankind; they were members of a pagan pantheistic household.
		Inanna descends into the netherworld, the grave, and drags Dumuzi down with her; Adam and Eve are denied the fruit of the tree of life and must die as any mortal.
		Dumuzi and Inanna are the shepherds of Erech; Adam and Eve are the caretakers of the Garden and of the earth.
	www.world-destiny.org /a14para.htm (3407 words)

	THE WATCHERS ~ SHEMYAZA - Dumuzi, Tammuz and Dionysius
		Dumuzi was known as the Shepherd and is later bewailed by the women in the Bible as Tammuz.
		The mythology of Tammuz and Ishtar is closely related to the earlier mythology of the Sumerian Dumuzi and Inanna.
		A major difference occurs when Dumuzi descends into the underworld: it is because an angry Inanna allowed the demons to take him there as her substitute.
	www.semjaaza.com /shem.html (2079 words)

	Images of the Fruitful Bed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		It is Enlil who grants sanction to Dumuzi, the priest herdsman, to meet with Inanna in her storehouse for consummation of their union.
		Dumuzi is not represented by the herdsman, which acknowledged the labors of the people, nor the priest and his associations with the numinous forces of the harvest, but by the ruling and historical king.
		It is Inanna's sexual desire for the king, in the role of Dumuzi, a desire which earlier joined the temporal and eternal realms in erotic union, and which now legitimates the reign and political authority over the land of this ruling king.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /RRCWL/V1/Images1.html (2387 words)

	Sumerian Gods, Demons and Immortals Whose Names Start with 'D'
		Dumuzi courted her and won her in a contest with a farmer named Ekimdu.
		However, Dumuzi appealed to his sister, Geshtinanna, and persuaded her to volunteer to take his place in the Netherworld for six months out of the year.
		Dumuzi's primary temple was the 'House of the Netherworld' in Bad-tibira.
	www.jameswbell.com /geog0050dnames.html (1149 words)

	Gestinanna
		The dying Dumuzi, tortured by nightmares, brought the dreams to his sister for interpretation.
		Dumuzi flees, swearing Gestinanna to secrecy as to where he is going into hiding.
		The goddess then persuaded the underworld divinities to grant Dumuzi half her own life; thus each was allowed to live on earth six months of each year.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/g/gestinanna.html (137 words)

	Inanna - An Opera of Ancient Sumer
		Dumuzi desperately pleads with Inanna to relent, but she turns her back on him.
		Inanna and Geshtinanna bemoan Dumuzi’s fate as Inanna now repents of her decision to have him be her surrogate in the Underworld.
		While Dumuzi is in the Underworld, Sumer will mourn for him, becoming dark and cold; but when he is free it will celebrate with sunshine and warmth.
	www.craton.net /inanna/main.php?action=synopsis (1973 words)

	Inanna
		The vegetation god Dumuzi is the most significant of her many consorts.
		Also, she is embodied in the sacred tree of Mesopotamia, which evolved into a stylized totem made of wood and decorated with precious stones and bands of metal.
		Dumuzi does not seem to have a significant role in the myth; perhaps he just makes the goddess seem more human.
	www.themystica.org /mythical-folk/articles/inanna.html (806 words)

	Dumuzi - www.GatewaysToBabylon.com
		The ritual marriage of Inanna to the shepherd king Dumuzi as a Sacred Rite or Hieros Gamos is one of the highlights of the Sumerian sacred calendar.
		Dumuzi has to overcome some problems to woo the young Goddess, because Inanna does not accept him first, having to be persuaded by Utu, the Sun god and Inanna´s brother, who supports Dumuzi, and encouraged by her mother Ningal, the Moon Goddess of Ur.
		Dumuzi's death occurs "when the grain is cut at harvest and then brewed into beer which goes into storage underground: that is to say, into the netherworld....".
	www.gatewaystobabylon.com /gods/lords/lordumuzi.html (1538 words)

	Inanna/Ishtar, Most Highest and Holy
		He, Dumuzi, was the husband of Utu’s sister Inanna, the one who brought the wedding gifts to the goddess at Uruk, the one who had kissed the goddess’s sacred lips and danced on the holy knees.
		According to Thorkild Jacobsen, Dumuzi was also associated with grain, which was harvested in the spring, made into beer, and stored underground during the hot summer.
		So in the story told from Dumuzi’s side, he cannot escape and is taken to the underworld.
	www.geocities.com /thefayth/inDumuziSide.html (190 words)

	[No title]
		She allows Dumuzi, the shepherd, to stay in the underworld only six months of the year, while Geshtinanna will stay the other six.
		He aided Dumuzi in his flight from the galla demons by helping him to transform into different creatures.
		She is the "hierodule of An" Dumuzi (demigod) He has a palace in Kur, and is due a visit by those entering Kur.
	www.luckymojo.com /esoteric/religion/FAQ.sumrmth.9410 (4562 words)

	ningishzida
		Dumuzi sees in dreams in his fate, he attempts to evade his demon persuers, but is betrayed by a friend when the demons offer a bribe.
		Their sorrow turns to peals of joy however, when it is realized Dumuzi arises from the underworld, in the form of plant-life that goes through the annual cycle of death and renewal accompanying Spring and Winter.
		Dumuzi foresees his death in a dream by demonic forces like Christ is able to predict his death.
	www.bibleorigins.net /ningishzida.html (6895 words)

	[No title]
		After his reign Dumuzi was worshiped as the god of the spring grains.
		Following three other kings, including another Dumuzi, the famous Gilgamesh took the throne of Erech around 2600 BC and became in volved in a power struggle for the region with the Kish Dynasts and with Mesannepadda, the founder of the Dynasty of Ur.
		After his death, she visited him in the underworld with Inanna, and was allowed to take his place there for six months out of the year.
	www.luckymojo.com /esoteric/religion/FAQ.sumrmyt.9708 (6477 words)

	Mesopotamian Expresions
		She refuses to learn the stories Dumuzi calls "the women-lies." She does not intend to reject Dumuzi, for when he declares himself ready to come to the gate of her mother to ask for her in marriage, Inanna is overjoyed.
		Dumuzi, for his part, promises to bring the food she desires.
		The sense of husband as provider of food is found in the lament for the dead Dumuzi in which Inanna mourns the loss of her provider, "the one who gave me food will no longer give me food; the one who gave me water will no longer give me water." Yet Inanna is not domesticated.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/lr618/we3.html (9119 words)

	TammuzDumuziDamuSeal
		The "binding of Dumuzi by the demons appears to have involved the use of "sticks of wood" for his hands, and the seal (below) seems to show a "stick-like" object binding his hands and feet.
		For example, Dumuzi is shown only half-naked, his upper torso having no clothes as he enters the gate to the Underworld.
		Dumuzi is allowed a resurrection from Hell in the Spring for six months each year because his sister Geshtinanna was _willing_ to become his surrogate for him rather like Christ.
	www.bibleorigins.net /TammuzDumuziDamuSeal.html (1267 words)

	Class Summaries and Handouts
		In a panic, Dumuzi calls up to the sun god, Utu, to transform his arms and legs into those of a gazelle (earlier, he had asked for his hands to be converted into the "hands" of serpents, allowing himself to easily escape his initial captivity).
		Dumuzi, although he is a shepherd in the earlier stories, later assumed control over the grains, perhaps because of his marriage to the goddess of fertility.
		Dumuzi, however, asks to be "set free" in the last stanza of the poem.
	ksumail.kennesaw.edu /~shagin/WLsumUNIT1mesopSU04.html (18821 words)

	Sumerian Gods, Demons and Immortals Whose Names Start with 'G'
		In Dumuzi's flight from the galla, when Inanna told them to carry away her husband and take him down to the Netherworld, he ran to Geshtinanna for help.
		It was then that Geshtinanna learned her brother had been sentenced by Inanna, his wife, to the Netherworld, never to return again to the Great Above.
		Dumuzi built a temple for Geshtinanna at Bad-tibira, the E.sheshegarra, 'House Established by the Brother.'
	www.jameswbell.com /geog0050gnames.html (1373 words)

	Aphr_par.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sometimes he was called Dumuzi, meaning "young son" or "male child." Innana, the queen of heaven, descends into the underworld, ruled over by her sister, the goddess Ereshkigal.
		Dumuzi is one of several near-Eastern vegetation gods who die and rise again with the rebirth of vegetation in the spring.
		In some versions of this myth, he does not humble himself before Innana, therefore she hands him over to her demons to be carried off to the nether world, then descends to bring him back to life.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /mcl/Classics/Aphr/Aphr_par.html (555 words)

	Inana
		The closest she ever came was the shepherd Dumuzi with whom she had a turbulent sexual relationship.
		When she came to her home city of Erech she found Dumuzi in a noble robe, sitting on her throne, as she had suffered torture and death.
		Dumuzi's sentence was only mitigated by his sister, who agreed to spend half the year in the underworld in his place.
	www.geocities.com /SoHo/Lofts/6568/inana.html (607 words)

	Inanna and the Sacred Marriage by Johanna Stuckey
		Resplendent Inanna greeted Dumuzi at the door, which, on the Uruk vase, is flanked by her signature standards (gateposts), and there he presented her with sumptuous gifts.
		Thus, the "Sacred Marriage" might have been integral to the installation of nin-dingir/entu as Inanna because, I suggest, like the land, she had to be "ploughed" to be fertile and to bring fecundity and prosperity to Sumer.
		Following Jacobsen, Wakeman says that, at Uruk, Dumuzi was "the power inherent in seasonal foods (grain, milk, dates)" and Inanna, in whose temple the produce was deposited, was the power in the storehouse (Wakeman 1985:12; Jacobsen 1976:36).
	www.matrifocus.com /IMB05/spotlight.htm (2485 words)

	inanna
		Inanna first rejects Dumuzi, argueing that the shepherd´s garments and wool are coarse, and that She will marry the farmer instead, the one who tends to her storehouses and grains.
		And throughout this time Dumuzi is made to wait for her, and we can guess he is also getting ready to meet the young goddess, but nothing is said about his actions.
		Dumuzi, Inanna's consort in the Sacred Marriage, the Shepherd and King, was the only person who did not mourn for Her while She was undergoing her Underworld initiation.
	www.angelfire.com /tx/gatestobabylon/ladyinanna2.html (6431 words)

	Interpretation of Inanna’s Descent Myth
		But Dumuzi is the logical candidate, as well, in that only her best beloved consort is equal to Inanna.
		Dumuzi’s friend betrays him for material profit, but his sister is true to the end.
		Dumuzi is thus married to the composite goddess Inanna-Ereshkigal, and as such is to experience all of the woman.
	www.halexandria.org /dward387.htm (4499 words)

	Foundation myths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Dumuzi is the Sumerian form of the more familiar name Tammuz, while Innana is similarly the Sumerian equivalent of the Semitic Ishtar, the queen of heaven.
		Dumuzi is the prototype of all the vegetation gods who die and rise again with the rebirth of vegetation in the spring.
		In the form of the myth underlying the Tammuz liturgies, the imprisonment of the god in the underworld is a principal motive of the myth and is the cause of Inanna’s descent into the underworld.
	www.scils.rutgers.edu /~mjoseph/found.html (4655 words)

	Dancing Together In the Light and Dark
		This was the time that Dumuzi, the eternal dying and reborn vegetation god, spent in the underworld.
		At autumn, when cool winds returned and rains came, Dumuzi was reborn and returned to the bed of the Goddess of Love and the Earth's fertility, Inanna, which caused the land to flourish once again.
		The union of male and female in the HIEROS GAMOS (sacred marriage) is symbolic of the union of all opposites, the balance of all polarities and ultimately the mating of life and death.
	www.angelfire.com /dragon3/speilwerk (1234 words)

	Class Summaries and Handouts
		Dumuzi will gain an important role in the cycles of the earth by the end of the story.
		Either way, Dumuzi's sister is more loyal, in part, because she is a member of his family.
		In fact, Gilgamesh recalls what Ishtar had done to Dumuzi as one of his reasons for rejection (Dumuzi will be called Tammuz in many translations, and this name appears in the eighth chapter of Ezekiel in the Bible).
	ksumail.kennesaw.edu /~shagin/WLsummariesUNIT1FA03.html (17610 words)

	Marduk Foils Marriage of Enlillite Inanna & Enkiite Dumuzi
		Dumuzi and Inanna their eyes on each other set.
		Dumuzi’s Background: Enki's spouse, Damkina, bore Dumuzi (a fast-maturing Earthborn like Inanna) long after their sons Ningishzidda and Gibil.
		Dumuzi, aghast, fled to hide behind a waterfall but slipped into the rapids and drowned.
	www.enkispeaks.com /Essays/27DumuziandInanna.htm (1089 words)

	TammuzDumuziDamuSeal
		McCall understands that the individual between 'the snakelike creatures' may be Dumuzi (the biblical Tammuz of Ezekiel 8:14, whom Jewish women mourned in the Jerusalem Temple).
		So, Dumuzi's partial nakedness at Hell's gate in the seal may be reflecting aspects of the Descent into Hell by his bride Inanna.
		Christ is portrayed as a bridegroom who _willingly_ lays down his life in the Spring as a surrogate in Hell for his "bride" the Church, whereas Dumuzi also called in hymns "the bridegroom," is an _unwilling_ surrogate for his bride, Inanna.
	www.homestead.com /bibleorigins*net/TammuzDumuziDamuSeal.html (1267 words)

	Inanna
		In this, and in her relationship with the shepherd Dumuzi (Akkadian Tammuz), we see that she is the source of the Hellenic Aphrodite, who had the beautiful, mortal boy Adonis as a consort.
		On their return to Uruk, they encounter Dumuzi, who is taking his leisure in Inanna's temple, dressed in his finery and seated on his throne - which is only his because he is married to Inanna.
		Inanna and Dumuzi are associated with light and with the cycle of the seasons.
	templezagduku.org /inanna.html (391 words)

	Samhain Playlet and Ritual, MoonPathCUUPS.Org, Fort Lauderdale, FL. October 30, 2004
		(Dumuzi goes to throne.) Dumuzi would be her King, and he would sit upon her throne.
		(Dumuzi pops a tab top.) Inanna: "Take away the one who did not grieve for me." (The Galla lunge, grab Dumuzi and take him to Ereshkigal.) Narrator: Now Ereshkigal was mourning the death of her husband Gugulanna.
		Dumuzi is the symbol of grain (Pop's a tap top) and Geshtinanna the symbol of the grape (holds up grapes).
	moonpathcuups.org /rituals/sam04.htm (3394 words)

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