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	Dunhuang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dunhuang (Chinese: 敦煌, pinyin: Dūnhuáng; 40°6′ N 94°39′ E) is a city in Gansu province, China.
		It is located near the historic junction of the northern and southern Silk Roads, and was therefore a town of military importance.
		Dunhuang was made a prefecture in 117 BC by Emperor Han Wudi, and was a major point of interchange between China and the outside world during the Han and Tang dynasties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dunhuang (603 words)

	Dunhuang Caves In China
		Dunhuang is an oasis town in Chinese Central Asia west of Xian, a former capital of China.
		Dunhuang was the town where the two branches of the silk road rejoined for the final leg into China's capital.
		Dunhuang was last considered a place of importance when it was under the control of the Western Xia kingdom (990-1227) and the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1271-1368).
	www.crystalinks.com /chinacaves.html (1588 words)

	Silkroad Foundation \| Dunhuang Studies
		Dunhuang art consists of three major forms: painting, sculpture and architecture.
		Patrons of the caves demonstrated their social status, economic power, religious feeling, and political ideology by determining the size of a cave and by choosing certain motifs to be depicted in the cave.
		Daoist deities such as the King Father of the East, Queen Mother of the West, and the winged immortals are represented with Buddhist motifs.
	www.silk-road.com /dunhuang/dhcaves.html (868 words)

	Dunhuang's History, introducing Han Dynasty Great Wall, strategic military threats, rise of Silk Road and continuing ...
		The history of Dunhuang is rooted in China's attempts to defend her western border against threats from the Tarim basin.
		Part of this Great Wall was constructed across the mouth of the Hexi Corridor from Dunhuang's Yumenguan (Jade Gate Pass) in the west to Jiayuguan, 180 miles to the east.
		Indeed, "Dunhuang" itself means "Blazing Beacon" and refers to a series of beacons - 70 of which remain to this day - used to communicate news of enemy movements to military authorities in the east.
	www.imperialtours.net /dunhuang_history.htm (515 words)

	Dunhuang History
		Dunhuang was situated just before – or just after – the most difficult stages of the journey across the deserts of central Asia.
		Dunhuang's fortunes as a community and as a Buddhist center rose and fell with the destiny of the empires that came to rule over this eastern edge of central Asia.
		Dunhuang became a sleepy, backward town; the caves filled with sand and hung heavy with dust.
	www.monkeytree.org /dunhuang/dun.history.html (784 words)

	Vacation in Dunhuang China with Asian Vacations, Inc.
		Despite its turbulent political history, Dunhuang prospered, both on its own account - it was in a fertile area known for its melons and grapes in particular - and because it became a major staging post for traders and for missionary monks and pilgrims of Buddhism and other religions.
		Dunhuang has a special place in history because of its location close to the parting of the northern and southern routes that skirted the impassable Taklamakan desert.
		Dunhuang was made a prefecture in 117 BC by Emperor Han Wudi, and was a major point of interchange between China and the outside world during the Han and
	www.vacationsinchina.com /Dunhuang.htm (1275 words)

	Dunhuang Culture - China tourist & travel guide for culture of China
		Dunhuang is the important ancient city in the Silk Road, and it is the hub of highway communication in the northwestern plateau in China.
		The areas under Dunhuang's jurisdiction nowadays are the areas to the western and southern parts of Shule River in Gansu.
		The government of Dunhuang changed many times, but Dunhuang was always the capital of county, government office, town and province.
	www.orientaltravel.com /culture/Dunhuang.htm (234 words)

	Wounds of Time to Dunhuang Grottoes Aired (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dunhuang art reached its zenith during the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties.
		Looting continued in Dunhuang until 1909, when the Qing Government finally issued instructions that all remaining sutra scrolls be shipped to Beijing.
		In 1943, the Dunhuang Art Institute was established and Chang Shuhong, an overseas student from Paris, was appointed to the job of preserving the site, a goal to which he remained devoted throughout his life.
	www.china.org.cn /english/travel/111890.htm (1048 words)

	Dunhuang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dunhuang was of great importance as a defensive and cultural center on the western borders of the Chinese empire at various points in its history.
		The Dunhuang region was the site of very important Buddhist monastic complexes, the most famous of which was at the Mogao Grottoes, where today one can see a treasure trove of Buddhist art covering a span of more than a millenium.
		Here are some materials on Dunhuang and its region; they include image maps, which allow one to select a location on the map and click on it to bring up additional description and images.
	depts.washington.edu /uwch/silkroad/cities/china/dh/dh.html (151 words)

	Salient Features of Dunhuang Cave Art
		Dunhuang province and the gateway of Yang Guan and Yumen Guan were established in the Han Dynasty: envoys, merchants and monks from China going abroad and their Western counterparts entering China had to pass through these passes.
		Dunhuang art is inevitably a result of the blend of multitudinous elements and styles, but it remains a part and parcel of the cultural and art system of China.
		What the Dunhuang artists have learnt is the usage of reddish-pink colour for painting the body, vermilion-red for the eye-sockets, nose, wings and the contours of face in order to highlight light and shade, and finally using white for the bridge of the nose and the eye- ball because these parts are the brightest.
	www.ignca.nic.in /ks_19026.htm (3971 words)

	Dunhuang travel planning, Dunhuang tours designing and booking, Dunhuang hotels and tickets booking made easy on line! ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dunhuang is mentioned by early visitors as being the first place where the eastbound travelers comes across Chinese peculiarities along with Chinese in any numbers.
		It is surrounded by pebbly and sandy emptiness, and lapped by a sea of dunes.
		Dunhuang is the setting for the Mogao Thousand Buddha cave complex, arguably the most spectacular in China.
	www.chinaonyourmind.com /chinatravel/chinacity/dunhuang.html (636 words)

	intro
		The oasis town of Dunhuang is situated at the edge of the Gobi desert, in the west of the present-day Chinese province of Gansu.
		Dunhuang, in the far west, was simply too remote for even the great persecution of Buddhism in the Huichang era (842-845) to be effective, the area having then been under Tibetan, rather than Chinese, control for some sixty years.
		The prayers of travellers and merchants for a safe passage through the hazards of the desert crossing - or to render thanks for the same - and the devout wishes of Chinese residents anxious to secure their own return to the heartland of China were sufficient reasons for new dedications.
	www.textile-art.com /dun/intro.html (1829 words)

	Caves of Dunhuang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Dunhuang caves are one of the world's greatest storehouses of ancient Buddhist art.
		Dunhuang is a fairly isolated place in an arid desert area of western China.
		Dunhuang is also a rich source of ancient texts.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /mcel/omm/B1541.html (205 words)

	International Dunhuang Project
		Dunhuang is an oasis town in Chinese Central Asia west of Chang'an (Xian), a former capital of China.
		The silk road coming from Chang'an split at Dunhuang to follow the northern and southern borders of the desert where the rivers and spring waters used to support sizeable towns.
		The dispersal of the Dunhuang Collection was a tragic event and many have described it as blatant robbery.
	weecheng.com /tanwc2/dunhuang.htm (792 words)

	Travel in Dunhuang - China - Asia - Culture - WorldTravelGate.net®-
		If we regard art and culture as a holistic growth of the mankind without the notion of national boundaries, then Dunhuang art can be placed at the midstream of the long river of the Buddhist culture and art that originated from India.
		Dunhuang has 492 caves, with 45,000 square meters of frescos, 2, 415 painted statues and five wooden-structured caves.
		Dunhuang dance has been performed in Japan, Europe, and other countries, and is always enthusiastically received by Chinese and international audiences alike.
	www.asiatravelling.net /china/dunhuang/dunhuang_culture.htm (734 words)

	Dunhuang Travel Guide, Map, Weather, Attractions
		The oasis town of Dunhuang lay at a crucial junction of the Silk Road, that ancient braid of caravan trails stretching for more than 7,000 kilometers from China to the Mediterranean, which served as a highway not just for merchandise, but also for ideas - religious, cultural and artistic.
		The Mogao Grottoes located at 25km southeast of Dunhuang, at the edge of the Gobi desert in north-west China, are filled with one of the most extensive and exquisite collections of Buddhist paintings and sculptures in the world.
		It is 6 kilometers (3.73 miles) south of the center of Dunhuang, near the Dunes of Singing Sands, and is said to be the point where the oasis meets the desert.
	www.discoverchinatours.com /cityguide/dunhuang.asp (724 words)

	SGI Quarterly October, 2003 - Portraits of Global Citizens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was two years since he had arrived in Dunhuang, in the desert, an isolated and uninhabited spot far from the hearth fires of human dwellings.
		There is a famous painting from the Northern Wei dynasty (founded around 386 c.e.) in the Mogao Caves at Dunhuang that depicts the scene where, as a bodhisattva in a previous existence, Shakyamuni Buddha offers his life to save a starving mother tiger and her cubs.
		Dunhuang, one of the miracles of human civilization, was created by nameless artists who worked away in that harsh environment with no thought of fame or recognition.
	www.sgi.org /english/Features/quarterly/0310/portraits.htm (1345 words)

	Sinophilia - your gateway to China - religions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Per quanto a Dunhuang convivessero diverse nazionalità tuttavia le comunità residenti accettarono in linea di massima gli Han come guida politica della regione, e famiglie come quella dei Zhang, dei Li e dei Ma ebbero sempre maggiore autorità concreta delle pur forti etnie Ding e Nai.
		La Dunhuang cosmopolita si rivela dunque un caso particolare nell'ambito dell'incontro e dello scontro tra le due religioni, un raro esempio di riuscita convivenza se non addirittura di vera e propria armonia, risultato essenzialmente della tendenza del Taoismo locale al compromesso.
		L'attività dei monaci taoisti a Dunhuang si manifestava essenzialmente in tre modi: nell'esecuzione dei rituali del Digiuno e dell'Offerta, nelle pratiche magiche ed esorcistiche e nella copiatura dei testi classici.
	www.sinophilia.org /dunhuang.htm (4183 words)

	Dunhuang on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Exhaustive data bank on Dunhuang grottoes being built.
		Dunhuang murals reproduce history of ancient Chinese music.
		Digitally revived Dunhuang frescos to be exhibited at global feast of computer graphics.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/D/Dunhuang.asp (354 words)

	China Hotels: China Hotel Discounts, Online secured Comfirmation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dunhuang County, which was built in the 6th year of Yuanding of Wu Enterer (111 BC), Han Dynasty, owns a history of over 2,000 years.
		So Dunhuang enter its thriving stage for the first time and developed stop by step into the northwestern military and political center, Besides, it was also an important place for trade and culture, becoming a large metropolis, which connected the people of Han Nationalities with the tribes in the Western China.
		It was said that the abbey was originally constructed in the southern suburbs of the county.
	www.bookchinaflights.com /china_travel_guides/DUNHUANG/dunhuang.htm (1549 words)

	Silkroad Foundation - Dunhuang Studies
		Serving as the westernmost fort of the early Tang Dynasty, Dunhuang was not only a key trading post situated on the "Silk Road" but also the military headquarters for the operations in the Western Regions.
		Monk Zhu Fahu, a famous translator of Buddhist texts, organized his translation team at Dunhuang and became known as "The Bodhisattva of Dunhuang." Enormous economic and human resources were used to produce Buddhist sutras and to build places of worship, including thousands of cave temples.
		Since these caves are located relatively far away from Dunhuang, their patrons and functions may differ from that of the Mogao caves.
	www.silk-road.com /dunhuang/dhintro.html (766 words)

	Dunhuang Murals Reproduce History of Ancient Chinese Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The murals in the Dunhuang Grottoes in northwest China's Gansu Province, depicting musical instruments used over a period of about 1,000 years, trace the evolution of ancient Chinese music, according to experts.
		The "pipa", a string instrument with a fretted fingerboard, is the most common in Dunhuang murals.
		The Dunhuang Grottoes, composed of the Mogao Grottoes, the Ancient Caves of the 1,000 Buddhas, and the Yulin Grottoes, are the largest treasure-house of Buddhist art in the world.
	www.chinaembassy.org.np /news/0301/dunhuang.htm (318 words)

	The Cave of a Thousand Buddhas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dunhuang is located in northwestern China directly on the silk route which was used commonly in ancient times.
		Dunhuang became the ultimate place for Buddhist monks to acquire the Chinese language and culture before entering central China.
		Dunhuang was often thought of as a cross-roads, basically a place that was thought of as a "cultural melting pot" due to the blending of diverse cultures and practices.
	www.uwec.edu /greider/BMRB/culture/student.work/berginem (490 words)

	Dunhuang, Gansu Province, Pictures
		Dunhuang is best known for nearby caves that contain Buddhist frescoes, ritual objects, and documents dating from the 4th to the 12th century AD.
		Today the caves have been preserved as a research site and tourist attraction, and Dunhuang is a standard stop for both domestic and international tourists tracing the ancient Silk Road.
		Dunhuang was first mentioned in Chinese texts during the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220).
	www.greatestcities.com /Asia/China/Gansu_Province/Dunhuang_city.html (309 words)

	Resources on the Mogao Caves from academic institutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dunhuang and the Mogao Caves: Dunhuang and the Mogao Caves.
		Dunhuang is an oasis city located at the western end of the Gansu (Hexi) Corridor and at the eastern...
		Buddhist Art in the Dunhuang Caves: These conditions helped to preserve the Mogao Grottos, nearly 500 cave-temples created between the 4th and 14th centuries which are filled with exquisite murals...
	mongabay.org /conservation/Mogao_Caves.htm (1125 words)

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