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	John Duns Scotus (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		‘Scotus’ is a nickname: it identifies Scotus as a Scot.
		Scotus then goes on to argue that there is an ultimate goal of activity (a being that is first in final causality), and a maximally excellent being (a being that is first in what Scotus calls "pre-eminence").
		Scotus was a realist about universals, and like all realists he had to give an account of what exactly those universals are: what their status is, what sort of existence they have outside the mind.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/duns-scotus (8922 words)

	Duns Scotus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duns Scotus was one of the most important Franciscan theologians and was the founder of Scotism, a special form of Scholasticism.
		Scotus was perhaps one of the most influential medieval logicians, in the ranks of Peter Abelard and William of Ockham.
		Duns Scotus also originated the concept of haecceity, or an entity's "thisness", its particularity, as oppose to quiddity, the entity's "whatness", its universality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duns_Scotus (625 words)

	Bl. John Duns Scotus
		Scotus does not, as is often asserted, maintain that science and faith can contradict each other, or that a proposition may be true in philosophy and false in theology and vice versa.
		Scotus strives to gain as thorough an insight as possible into the truths of faith, to disclose them to the human mind, to establish truth upon truth, and from dogma to prove or to reject many a philosophical proposition.
		Scotus was much given to the study of mathematics, and for this reason he insists on demonstrative proofs in philosophy and theology; but he is no real sceptic.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/d/duns_scotus,blessed_john.html (5291 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - DUNS SCOTUS, JOHN: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In accordance with his opposition to the doctrinal speculations of Aquinas, Duns Scotus professed, concerning the attitude that the secular authorities and the Church should assume toward the Jews, views which were diametrically opposed to the more humane and enlightened views held by Aquinas, and which represented a deplorable reaction.
		Duns Scotus, in support of his contention, refers to the decision of the Council of Toledo, which commended King Sisebut for his piety in compelling the Jews to an acceptance of Christianity (ib.
		Duns Scotus' acquaintance with Hebrew literature was confined to the "Fons Vitæ" of Ibn Gabirol (whose name takes with him, as with William of Auvergne, the form of "Avicebron") and to the "Moreh Nebukim" of Maimonides.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=523&letter=D (1106 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Blessed John Duns Scotus
		Scotus laboured during several years in England, he cannot, simply on the strength of this evidence, be assigned to the Irish province.
		Scotus does not, as is often asserted, maintain that science and faith can contradict each other, or that a proposition may be true in philosophy and false in theology and vice versa.
		Scotus was much given to the study of mathematics, and for this reason he insists on demonstrative proofs in philosophy and theology; but he is no real sceptic.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05194a.htm (4758 words)

	John Duns Scotus at Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base
		John Duns Scotus, Scottish theologian and philosopher, was founder of a school of Scholasticism known as Scotism.
		Scotus combined the Aristotelian theory of knowledge directed to the nature of physical objects as achievable by the abstractive power of the intellect with the Franciscan view of the soul as a substance in its own right with powers of intellection not confined to sensible reality.
		Scotus, who was a Scot, and Ockham, who was English, both studied and taught at Oxford, were both members of the Franciscan order, the order established at the beginning of the 13th century by Francis of Assissi.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~medieval/html/john_duns_scotus.htm (822 words)

	John Duns Scotus
		Scotus then goes on to argue that there is an ultimate goal of activity (a being that is first in final causality), and a maximally excellent being (a being that is first in what Scotus calls "pre-eminence").
		Scotus was a realist about universals, and like all realists he had to give an account of what exactly those universals are: what their status is, what sort of existence they have outside the mind.
		Scotus argues that the human intellect is capable of achieving certainty in its knowledge of the truth simply by the exercise of its own natural powers, with no special divine help.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/sum2001/entries/duns-scotus (8734 words)

	The Philosophy of John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus (picture) was born in Scotland, probably in the village of Maxton (now Littledean), in 1265 or 1266.
		Concerning the theory of knowledge, Scotus' voluntarist doctrine reveals that many metaphysical and theological truths which are for St. Thomas demonstrable by reason are not so for Scotus once he advances the principle that the passage or transition from effect to cause is not always legitimate.
		Scotus, led by his doctrine that prime matter has a complete essence, separate and distinct from that of form, admits that in every individual there is a multiplicity of forms.
	radicalacademy.com /philscotus.htm (2673 words)

	John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus, born 1265 or 1275-1308, is one of the foremost of the schoolmen.
		In 1308 Duns Scotus was sent by the general of his order to Cologne, with the twofold object of engaging in a controversy with the Beghards and of assisting in the foundation of a university; according to some, his removal was due to jealousy.
		Thomas Aquinas was constructive, that of Duns Scotus was destructive; Aquinas was a philosopher, Duns a critic.
	www.nndb.com /people/766/000094484 (750 words)

	Duns - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duns is a town in the Scottish Borders.
		It is known as the birthplace of John Duns Scotus, from whose name the word dunce is derived, and also as the hometown of racing driver Jim Clark (born in Chirnside, just outside of Duns).
		The town is popular with walkers, many of whom scale the Duns Law hill.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duns (305 words)

	§19. Duns Scotus. X. English Scholars of Paris and Franciscans of Oxford. Vol. 1. From the Beginnings to the ...
		John Duns Scotus was a Franciscan in Oxford in 1300.
		Duns Scotus died in 1308, at Cologne, where his tomb in the Franciscan church bears the inscription–Scotia me genuit, Anglia me suscepit, Gallia me docuit, Colonia me tenet.
		While the aim of Aquinas is to bring faith into harmony with reason, Duns Scotus has less confidence in the power of reason; he accordingly enlarges the number of doctrines already recognised as capable of being apprehended by faith alone.
	www.bartleby.com /211/1019.html (539 words)

	Island of Freedom - John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus, Scottish theologian and philosopher, was founder of a school of Scholasticism known as Scotism.
		Scotus combined the Aristotelian theory of knowledge directed to the nature of physical objects as achievable by the abstractive power of the intellect with the Franciscan view of the soul as a substance in its own right with powers of intellection not confined to sensible reality.
		Duns Scotus was a staunch supporter of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, which Pope Pius IX defined as a dogma of the Roman Catholic church in 1854.
	www.island-of-freedom.com /SCOTUS.HTM (809 words)

	Duns Scotus, John on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The exact canon of Duns Scotus' work is unknown; the best known of his undoubtedly authentic works are On the First Principle and two commentaries on the Sentences of Peter Lombard.
		In metaphysics, Duns taught the "univocity of being" ; by this he meant that being must be regarded as the ultimate abstraction that can be applied to everything that exists.
		Scotus taught that the state arose from common consent of the people in a kind of social contract.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/D/DunsS1cot.asp (529 words)

	History of Philosophy 41
		Scotus, while agreeing with St. Thomas that philosophy and theology are distinct sciences, insists on the inferiority of the former, maintaining that human reason is incapable of solving such problems as the immortality of the soul.
		The resemblance is accentuated by the fact that both Scotus and Kant are voluntarists, both maintaining that will is superior to intellect, and that human reason cannot demonstrate the truths which most vitally affect the destiny of man. But, remarkable as the resemblance is, no less striking is the contrast between the two philosophers.
		Scotus places the supernatural order of truth above all philosophical knowledge, and consequently his criticism is partial and relative to the natural order of truth, while Kant's is radical and absolute.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/hop41.htm (1741 words)

	Blessed John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus is commonly known as Doctor Subtilis, the Subtle Doctor, in theological and philosophical circles.
		The writings of Duns Scotus are not characterized by the clarity of St. Thomas Aquinas.
		Duns Scotus pushed this obstruction from the path by showing that instead of being excluded from the redemption of the Savior, Mary obtained the greatest of redemptions through the mystery of her preservation from all sin.
	www.udayton.edu /mary/meditations/samaha10.htm (1629 words)

	The Internet Guide to Bl. John Duns Scotus
		Duns Scotus's Metaphysics, by Dr. Peter King, in The Cambridge Companion to John Duns Scotus, edited by Thomas Williams, Cambridge University Press 2003, 15-68.
		Duns Scotus on the Common Nature and the Individual Differentia, by Dr. Peter King, in Philosophical Topics 20 (1992), 50-76.
		Scotus is an incisive philosophical examination of causality, and provides ample philosophic demonstration of the errors of Spencerian evolution.
	www.franciscan-archive.org /scotus (1105 words)

	Duns Scotus Significance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Duns Scotus is well-known as an exceptionally bright theologian capable of very precise analysis of theological and philosophical issues.
		Duns was able to elucidate many themes central to Christian teaching, both separately and in connection with each other.
		Theologians like Scotus and Aquinas believed and lived from their spirituality which was daily nurtured by liturgy and prayer.
	www.dunsscotus.nl /Engels/DunsScotus_Significance.htm (233 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : John Duns Scotus: Champion of the Immaculate Conception
		For it was Duns Scotus who plodded carefully through the maze of theological reasonings to explain clearly Mary's Immaculate Conception.
		Duns Scotus's followers made additions and attached comments when gathering his works for publication some years after his death.
		Blessed John Duns Scotus explained that the time element was not the type of order in question, but rather the order of nature.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=5825 (1787 words)

	John Duns Scotus
		Duns Scotus would have spent the last four years of the 13-year program as bachelor of theology, devoting the first year to preparing lectures on Peter Lombard's Sentences-the textbook of theology in the medieval universities-and the second to delivering them.
		At any rate, Duns Scotus was back before the summer of 1304, for he was the bachelor respondent in the disputatio in aula (public disputation) when his predecessor, Giles of Ligny, was promoted to master.
		Duns Scotus' effort was to show that the perfect mediation would be preventative, not merely curative.
	www.philipresheph.com /a424/gallery/concept/scotus.htm (1780 words)

	Duns Scotus (Duns Scotus Kimdir? - Duns Scotus Hakkında) - MsXLabs
		Duns Scotus'a göre, Allah isteyen ve "irade sahibi" bir varlıktır.
		Duns Scotus bu "fiil ve davranış" bir de bireyciliği (individüalizm) bağlamaktadır.
		Duns Scouts, inanç konusunda yaptığı ayırımda felsefeye bir özgürlük yolu açmaktadır.
	www.msxlabs.org /forum/felsefe-ww/10632-duns-scotus-duns-scotus-kimdir-duns-scotus-hakkinda.html (975 words)

	Bl. John Duns Scotus
		John Duns Scotus, among the few members of the faculty, refused to accede to the wishes of the King and chose the way of exile, sometime between the 25th and 28th of June 1308.
		Scotus in his attempt to introduce and teach a theological position different from that upheld by the university, had to appear in a public dispute before the whole academic body, at the risk of expulsion from the university if he failed to defend his doctrine.
		John Scotus pointed out: <"The Perfect Redeemer, must in some case, have done the work of redemption most perfectly, which would not be, unless there is some person, at least, in whose regard, the wrath of God was anticipated and not merely appeased."> Bl.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/SCOTUS.htm (1317 words)

	MavicaNET - Scotus, John Duns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		John Duns Scotus, Franciscan Priest and Theologian of the Thirteenth Century.
		John Duns Scotus, Scottish theologian and philosopher, was founder of a school of Scholasticism known as Scotism.
		Duns Scotus, John (1266?-1308), Scottish theologian and philosopher, founder of a school of Scholasticism known as Scotism.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/isl/7460.html (747 words)

	[No title]
		It is with an allusion to the works of St. Thomas that Scotus' triple argument in defense of the necessity and therefore reliability of faith sets out: distinct knowledge of his end through cognition is necessary for every agent.
		Scotus is of the opinion that the perpetuity of a good of this kind is the very condition that makes this end desirable.
		Scotus points out that human beings can not know their end distinctly from natural sources.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /jod/augustine/sule (1235 words)

	Jacques Maritain Center: CE - Scotism
		Concerning the character and teaching of Scotus we have already spoken in the special article, where it was stated that he has been unjustly charged with Indeterminism, excessive Realism, Pantheism, Nestorianism, etc.
		It is especially noteworthy that none of the propositions peculiar to Scotus or Scotism has been censured by ecclesiastical authority, while the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception was soon accepted by all schools, orders, and theologians outside the Dominican Order, and was raised to a dogma by Pius IX.
		Nominalism is older than Scotus, but its revival in Occamism may be traced to the one-sided exaggeration of some propositions of Scotus.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/scotism.htm (2227 words)

	The Cambridge Companion to Duns Scotus - Cambridge University Press
		John Duns Scotus (1265/6—1308) was (along with Aquinas and Ockham) one of the three principal figures in medieval philosophy and theology, with an influence on modern thought arguably even greater than that of Aquinas.
		Duns Scotus on natural theology James F. Ross and Todd Bates; 7.
		Duns Scotus on natural and supernatural knowledge of God William E. Mann; 8.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521635632&print=y (380 words)

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