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Topic: Durational pattern

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	Duration -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Often duration is described according to terms borrowed from descriptions of ((baseball) the throwing of a baseball by a pitcher to a batter) pitch.
		Durational patterns are the foreground details projected against a background (additional info and facts about metric structure) metric structure, which includes (Any of various measuring instruments for measuring a quantity) meter, ((music) the speed at which a composition is to be played) tempo, and all rhythmic aspects which produce temporal regularity or structure.
		Duration patterns may be divided into (additional info and facts about rhythmic unit) rhythmic units and (additional info and facts about rhythmic gesture) rhythmic gestures.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/du/duration.htm (256 words)

	Rhythm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"Rhythm involves patterns of duration that are phenomenally present in the music" with duration measured by interonset interval (London 2004, p.4).
		A rhythm section generally consists of percussion instruments, and possibly chordal instruments (e.g., guitar, banjo) and keyboard instruments, such as piano (which, by the way, may be classified as any of these three types of instruments).
		A rhythmic unit is a durational pattern which occupies a period of time equivalent to a pulse or pulses on an underlying metric level, as opposed to a rhythmic gesture which does not (DeLone et.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rhythm (699 words)

	Rhythmic unit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A rhythmic unit is a durational pattern which occupies a period of time equivalent to a pulse or pulses on an underlying metric level, as opposed to a rhythmic gesture.
		Metric: even-note patterns, such as steady eighth notes or pulses.
		Intrametric: confirming patterns, such as dotted eighth-sixteenth note and swing patterns.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rhythmic_unit (77 words)

	Electrocardiographic recording method and means - Patent 4090505
		The method of claim 1 further including the step of establishing a coordinating relationship between the pattern and the aberrant signal complex and the recording of the aberrant ekg signal complex is further defined as recording the aberrant ekg signal complex on the movable record responsive to the coordinating relationship at the fast speed.
		The readout of the electrocardiographic pattern data from ekg pattern data register 36 by digital-to-analog converter 38 is correlated to the slow speed of motor 46 by pulse generator 48 by the signal in conductor 52 so that the movements of pen 42 are appropriate for the speed of chart 43.
		In the event minor variations exist between the subsequently received electrocardiographic data from the patient and the ekg pattern data in register 36, the ekg pattern data is altered to reflect the differences between the data then in the register and that being concurrently received from the patient by electrocardiograph 14.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4090505.html (10330 words)

	Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Mitsubishi Motor Manufacturing of America Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The purposes and effect of a successful pattern or practice case is to impose liability upon a private employer, not simply for individual wrongs, but for discriminatory policies created and maintained by an employer that result in a system-wide pattern or practice of disparate treatment against individuals who fall within a protected class.
		Pattern or practice cases have, therefore, been designed in a way that permit individual victims of an employer's pattern or practice of discrimination to obtain individual relief based on a presumption of liability that flows from the pattern or practice finding against the employer.
		In a pattern or practice case, the challenge is made to an employer's policy regarding an allegedly unlawful employment practice; Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23's concerns, such as the adequacy of the class representative and/or whether individual issues and defenses predominate, are simply not considered in a pattern or practice action.
	lw.bna.com /lw/19980203/961192.htm (14742 words)

	Ernest Bloch Lectures - 1999: Lecture 4
		That is, the (+2,+1) interval pattern is more likely to be preceded or followed by a rest, is more apt to coincide with the beginning of a slur or phrase mark, is more apt to begin a measure, and is more apt to appear in an outer voice.
		Tables 4a-d suggest that it is not the alpha interval-class pattern that is distinctive of the first movement of Brahms's opus 51, no. 1; rather the results suggest that it is the interval-specific form (+2,+1) that is distinctive.
		Thus the patterns half-quarter-whole and half-eighth-quarter would both be deemed long-short-long rhythms despite the fact that the quarter-duration is deemed `short' in the first pattern and `long' in the second pattern.
	www.music-cog.ohio-state.edu /Music220/Bloch.lectures/4.Analysis.html (7578 words)

	[No title]
		Needy residents of less than one year’s duration are rejected, without regard to whether they previously lived in the state, whether they came to join relatives, to seek a better job, to take a job, or whether they had a stable residential pattern.
		A durational residence requirement confronts needy families, as it did appellees Smith, with the “choice of remaining in Pennsylvania with no income to maintain themselves, separating the family by placing the children in foster home care, or returning to Delaware.” Limitations so inevitably affecting fundamental liberties must be carefully scrutinized.
		The durational residence requirement discriminates between (1) persons who have been residents of the state for one year or more, who may receive assistance when they become needy, and (2) persons who are residents of the state but for less than a year, who may not.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/curiae/html/394-618/021.htm (10256 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Temporal pattern is a series of time intervals, without any interpretation or structure.
		Rhythm is a temporal pattern with durational and accentual relationships and possibly structural interpretations (Dowling and Harwood, 1986).
		The interval between beats is sometimes called a "time-span" (Lerdahl and Jackendoff, 1983), or, less abstract, beat duration, beat period or metrical unit (Longuet-Higgins and Lisle, 1989).
	www.nici.kun.nl /mmm/papers/dh-93-f-frame1.html (323 words)

	77541 -- State v. Soler -- Knudson -- Kansas Court of Appeals
		Soler was originally charged with aggravated assault, criminal discharge of a firearm at an occupied dwelling, and criminal possession of a firearm after a conviction of a felony within 10 years.
		On appeal, Soler argues that the district court improperly imposed a departure sentence based on an element of the greater offense of discharge of a firearm at an occupied dwelling, the initial charge that was reduced under the plea agreement.
		In Zuck, the "continuing pattern of conduct," albeit uncharged criminal conduct, was contemporaneous with and rationally related to the defendant's crime of conviction.
	www.kscourts.org /kscases/ctapp/1998/19980116/77541.htm (2169 words)

	[No title]
		Durational residence requirements in welfare legislation, in addition to their forceful operation as a restraint on movement by the poor, have the other and discriminatory effect of denying assistance to poor persons who are in need but have not lived in the jurisdiction long enough.
		As discussed previously, every durational residence requirement in welfare legislation is discriminatory on its face in a manner relating to movement and resulting in sweeping inequality of treatment with respect to a matter of vital concern.
		Durational residence requirements, like the related laws, find their distant ancestry in the settlement concepts concerning the responsibility to care for the needy and in negative attitudes toward the destitute.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/curiae/html/394-618/017.htm (8335 words)

	Elements of Music - Part Three (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		When music has a steady beat, the rhythmic patterns that comprise the music are generated by sounding tones on the beat, and between the beat.
		The repetition of a rhythmic pattern creates a sense of forward motion by the appearance of successive sounds in a continuum of real time (sound exists in an environment of actual time from one second to the next).
		A scale may be defined as a pattern of different pitches that divide the interval span of an octave.
	trumpet.sdsu.edu /M345/Elements_of_Music3.html (2781 words)

	An Examination of the Effects of Audiation on the Compositional Processes and Products of Fifth Graders
		Timbral pattern: 2 to 7 timbres that form a distinct and recognizable pattern which is perceived as a unified whole.
		Repeated timbral pattern :A timbral pattern that is identical to a previously occurring timbral pattern.
		Rhythmic pattern : 2 to 7 durations that form a distinct durational pattern that is perceived as a unified whole.
	music.utsa.edu:16080 /tdml/conf-III/III-Hagen.html (2830 words)

	Minnesota State Bar Association
		On a charge of second-degree criminal sexual conduct, the court imposed a five-fold departure on the single ground that he is a patterned sex offender, and this departure is upheld.
		In order to employ a consecutive sentence for the kidnapping, the court may not rely on the appellant's status as a patterned sex offender or a dangerous repeat felon: additional aggravating circumstances are required.
		In a conviction for a pattern of harassment, the trial court used the defendant's prior conviction for terroristic threats to compute his criminal history.
	www2.mnbar.org /benchandbar/2002/sep02/notes-trends-sep02.htm (8753 words)

	Speech Timing and Linguistic Theory - Port and Leary
		First, there is a durational pattern observed in the English voicing contrast in syllable-coda position (e.g., lab/lap) where evidence shows that the relative duration of two intervals (the vowel duration and following stop or fricative duration) is a fundamental cue for the value of the voicing feature.
		Since this durational ratio cannot plausibly be assigned to a universal property of phonetic implementation, the durational ratio must be described as a property of English phonetics or phonology in violation of the Chomsky-Halle assumption of universal, static phonetic features.
		For example, comparing the duration of the vowel in rabid vs. rapid (where the voicing feature will make the vowel shorter in rapid) with a similar difference in lab vs. lap, the vowel might be 12% longer in rabid than rapid but 18% longer in lab than lap.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /~port/pap/paris.july05.submtd.htm (9338 words)

	Annotation for Clarke, Eric F. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In the first, the closer the durations of two notes were to one of two ratios, 1:1 and 2:1, the more stable (consistent) were the subjects' responses when asked to identify the rhythm of the two notes.
		In addition, the subjects were most able to distinguish between two slightly different pairs of durations when the two durational pairs straddled the categorical boundary (the point at which identification is least stable) between 1:1 and 2:1.
		In the second experiment, pianists' reproductions of heard rhythmic patterns were most stable and accurate when durations represented low-order integral ratios, but this was the case only when the durations conformed well to the metrical context.
	www.music.indiana.edu /som/courses/rhythm/annotations/clarke87a.html (197 words)

	House Research Bill Summary
		Requires a unitary trial if the evidence in support of an aggravated departure would be admissible in a trial in support of the elements of the offense or would not result in unfair prejudice to the defendant, and provides for a bifurcated trial otherwise.
		Replaces language in current law requiring the court to impose a sentence that is a not less than double the presumptive sentence to provide that the sentence shall not be less than the high end of the new presumptive sentencing range (see section 1).
		Deletes language requiring the court to determine the present offense is a felony committed as part of a pattern of criminal conduct before the court may impose an aggravated durational departure on an offender who commits a sixth felony offense.
	www.house.leg.state.mn.us /hrd/bs/84/hf1602de1.html (1161 words)

	"Pitch Centricity
		Although in non-tonal music, these non-pitched dimensions are at least as important in reinforcing pitch-centric formations as they are in tonal music; new, convincing pitch associations must be substituted in non-tonal music, in the absence of tonally functioning ones.
		(Since the last grouping proceeds downwards, rather than upwards, the "fanning out" pattern is obscured at this point.) All of these inner correspondences solidly anchor D within a network of subtlety inflected lines, and allow the work's basic material to emerge gracefully from the opening pitch.
		Because the patterns of the various operations are not similar, in combination, their effects sometimes counteract one another.
	www.stokar.com /Wuorinen/pitch.htm (3594 words)

	Elements of Music - Part Three (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Repetition of pitch and rhythm patterns is an important factor in any melody existing as an ÒentityÓ.
		The choices of pitches for composing a melody are determined by a pattern of pitches known as a scale.
		All world music cultures derive scale pattern for their musical use and many divergent scale patterns are found worldwide.
	trumpet.sdsu.edu /M151/Elements_of_Music3.html (2722 words)

	[No title]
		The theory is motivated by in-depth analyses of stress patterns of a large number of languages, many of which had not been previously analysed in the metrica l literature.
		More precisely, sequences o f elements that alternate in duration tend to be perceived as iambic, while sequences of elements that alternate in intensity tend to be perceived as trochaic.
		They argue that the iambic pattern that appears as \lquote rightward\rquote is the optimal (most harmonic) parse, in terms of both non-finality and exhaustivity.
	www.let.uu.nl /~Rene.Kager/personal/Papers/hayes.rtf (11468 words)

	Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project (dk_760.htm)
		The lexicon and/or stress rules determine which consonants and vowels of a word are stressed and hence longer in duration than unstressed and reduced vowels.
		The model assumes that (1) each phonetic segment type has an inherent duration that is specified as one of its distinctive properties, 6 (2) each rule tries to effect a percentage increase or decrease in the duration of the segment, but (3) segments cannot be compressed shorter than a certain minimum duration (Klatt, 1973b).
		where INHDUR is the inherent duration of a segment in ms, MINDUR is the minimum duration of a segment if stressed, and PRCNT is the percentage shortening determined by applying rules described in Table II.
	home.mindspring.com /~ssshp/ssshp_cd/dk_760.htm (762 words)

	MUS 319 Quantization Chart
		Full value for an eighth note is :60, etc. Durational value for a staccato eighth note, for example, may be 20-30 (whatever sounds stylistically correct within the given context).
		Quantize resolution should be set to match the smallest rhythmic subdivision in the music, i.e., for the "fastest" rhythmic value in the portion of music being quantized.
		The value will have to be changed whenever there is a change in the basic subdivision pattern.
	spider.georgetowncollege.edu /music/burnette/Mus319/quant.htm (641 words)

	Why patterns? An analysis of Morton Feldman's "Piano and string quartet" by Frank Sani
		There seems to be no underlying set of rules for such melodic patterns: each note follows the previous one without change in duration, dynamics, mode of attack, and the intervallic structure seems to be shaped by inexplicably subjective choices.
		Another duration pattern found in the score is of a visual nature, concerning the notational sphere of PSQ rather than its acoustic one.
		We have observed hitherto what patterns are present in PSQ, and of these which are interval patterns and which are duration patterns.
	www.cnvill.demon.co.uk /mfsani2.htm (2745 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The perceptual integration of pitch pattern, durational pattern, and timbre was examined in two experiments.
		If a texture change was created by taking the pitch patterns, durational patterns, and timbres in the initial texture, and recombining these qualities to form another texture, the change was more difficult to perceive.
		If the comparison contained a pitch pattern or durational pattern that was not in either test sequence, then it was easy to discriminate from either test sequence.
	otto.cmr.fsu.edu /~psychmus/ab12-1.html (1419 words)

	ASA 148th Meeting Lay Language Papers -English and French classical music reflect the melody and rhythm of speech in ...
		Thus in the top panel, the first data point represents the duration of the first vowel in the word "Finding," which is about 120 milliseconds (ms) long, the second point is the duration of the second vowel in "finding," which is about 40 ms long, and so on.
		We quantified the pattern of vowel pitch intervals for each sentence in our database, and found that the average vowel-to-vowel pitch movement was about the same size in English and French sentences (about 2 semitones).
		The x-axis shows the degree of durational contrast between successive vowels/notes in sentences/musical themes (measured using the nPVI), while the y-axis shows the variability in the size of pitch movements between successive vowels/notes in sentences/themes (measured using the coefficient of variation of absolute interval size).
	www.aip.org /148th/patel.html (1515 words)

	Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project (dk_761.htm)
		The intonation pattern is defined to be the pitch pattern over time that, for example, distinguishes statement from question or imperative, and that marks the continuation rise between clauses for an utterance of more than one clause.
		The fo pattern plays a complex role in encoding information for the listener because it not only conveys information about syntactic structure and stress patterns, but it also helps indicate speaker gender, head size, psychological state, and attitude toward what is being spoken.
		To the extent that locations for emphasis can be determined for text, the emphasis can be manifested acoustically by increasing the duration of the emphasized word, increasing the pitch rise that ordinarily accompanies its primary-stressed syllable, and decreasing the size of all other pitch rises in the remainder of the sentence (Cooper and Sorenson, 1981).
	www.mindspring.com /~ssshp/ssshp_cd/dk_761.htm (661 words)

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