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	City of Durham Tourism
		Bishops of Durham at that time were given the power to govern the North on the king’s behalf and subsequently assumed the title of ‘Prince Bishop’.
		Durham Castle became the first university college, and nearby Auckland Castle was retained as the sole residence of the Bishop.
		The Industrial Age gave prominence to County Durham at the heart of the vital coal fields, and saw the creation of the world’s first passenger railway in 1825.
	www.durhamtourism.co.uk /home.html (1024 words)

	Durham Castle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Durham Castle stands guard over the city of Durham in the North East of England, by the side of the imposing Normans Durham Cathedral, the two together marking a double pinnacle of authority that continues to inspire awe even today.
		The original castle was built in the eleventh century in order to protect the Bishop of Durham from attack, as the population of England — particularly in the wild North — remained 'wild and fickle' following the disruption of the Norman Conquest in 1066.
		In 1837, the castle was donated to the newly-formed University of Durham by Bishop Van Mildert as accommodation for students.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/d/du/durham_castle.html (432 words)

	Durham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Durham is situated 15 miles (25 km) to the south of Newcastle upon Tyne, in North East England.
		Durham is a hilly city, claiming to be built upon the symbolic seven hills.
		The county town of County Durham, Durham is located in the City of Durham local government district, which extends beyond the city, and has a total population of 87,656, and covers 186.68 square kilometres.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Durham (857 words)

	Durham Castle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was originally built in the 11th century to protect the Bishop of Durham from attack, as the population of England — particularly in the wild north — remained "wild and fickle" following the disruption of the Norman Conquest in 1066.
		Durham Castle has two chapels: the Norman Chapel, built around 1078, and Tunstall's Chapel, built in 1540.
		In 1837, the castle was donated to the newly-formed University of Durham by Bishop Edward Maltby as accommodation for students.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Durham_Castle (467 words)

	Durham Castle History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Durham Castle is the ancient palace of the Prince Bishops of Durham and lies at the northern end of Palace Green opposite the cathedral.
		The present castle is dominated by the KEEP which although the most imposing part of the castle is in fact the least historic.
		In the tradition of the Norman Motte and Bailey castles the keep is situated on a mound and was first erected in the fourteenth century during the episcopacy of BISHOP THOMAS HATFIELD.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /DurhamCastle.htm (1265 words)

	Durham (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Durham is situated 25 km (15 miles) to the south of Newcastle upon Tyne, in North East England.
		Durham is a hilly city, and the cathedral, in its prominent position high above the Wear, dominates the skyline.
		Facing the cathedral across Palace Green is Durham Castle, originally built by the Normans from 1071, on William the Conquerer's return from campaigning in Scotland.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/D/Durham.htm (821 words)

	Durham Castle
		Nestled onto the same peninsula of land overlooking the leafy River Wear as is Durham Cathedral, Durham Castle was one of the first fortified castles built by William the Conqueror during his ferocious "harrying of the north" (i.e.
		Begun in 1072 as a part of William's plan to pacify the north of his new realm, the castle is an excellent early example of the Norman "motte and bailey" style of fortification.
		The castle itself covers three sides of a courtyard - the old inner bailey - and you can clearly trace the additions made by various bishops over time, as each bishop placed his personal coat of arms on the bit of wall he had rebuilt.
	www.britainexpress.com /articles/Castles/Durham-Castle.htm (482 words)

	The First Castles Paper
		The history of the castle is inseparable from that of the Clifford family who were granted the property by Edward II in 1310.
		Durham's Cathedral Church of Christ and Blessed Mary the Virgin is the last resting place of: St Cuthbert - the greatest of the early English saints; St Bede - the finest scholar of his age; and the head of St Oswald - the warrior king and martyr.
		Durham Castle which had always been the principal stronghold and palace of the Prince-Bishops was handed over in 1837 to provide a home for this fledgling institution.
	www.worldforge.org /project/newsletters/June2002/Castles (3745 words)

	Durham Castle and Cathedral - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports
		The Castle and Cathedral overlook a bend in the Wear river, crossecting the old university town of Durham.
		Behind the Cathedral, at the northern end of Palace Green, is the Castle: an ancient Norman fortress which was the residence of the Prince Bishops of Durham.
		The city of Durham is also pleasant and not too big, meaning that the cathedral and the castle can be seen from almost anywhere, without any modern buildings blocking the view.
	www.worldheritagesite.org /sites/durhamcastle.html (805 words)

	Articles - County Durham (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The reason it is called County Durham instead is that the Prince-Bishops of Durham historically exercised power in regions outside the county as well, so the inner part was named County Durham as opposed to the rest of the estate of Durham.
		County Durham is roughly bounded by the watershed of the Pennines in the west, the River Tees in the south, the North Sea in the east and the Rivers Tyne and Derwent in the north.
		County Durham borders on the ceremonial counties of North Yorkshire, Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear.
	www.foreverc.com /articles/County_Durham (686 words)

	BBC - Legacies - Architectural Heritage - England - Wear - A castle of your own. - Article Page 1
		Durham Castle, so often eclipsed by its World Heritage-status partner, Durham Cathedral, is situated on a hill above the River Wear, and has seen a dramatic change of function since originally being built as a fortress.
		It was to be a fortified stronghold for the Bishop of Durham as a status symbol in defiance against the Scots and Northumbrian landowners.
		Hear the Master of the Castle explain why Durham Castle was the Home of the Bishops and why it was a northern stronghold for the rulers in London.
	www.bbc.co.uk /legacies/heritage/england/wear/article_1.shtml (418 words)

	Durham - County Durham - Tourist Net UK Guide
		Durham is situated in the North East of England on the River Wear.
		Durham, the third oldest university in England, after Oxford and Cambridge, is a leading centre for education and research.
		The Castle is used for University ceremonies, public events and, during the vacations, as a venue for conferences, banquets and holiday accommodation.
	www.touristnetuk.com /ne/durham/towns/durham.htm (688 words)

	Durham: tourist information, visitor guide, visit photos
		Durham Cathedral is built on a hill, so there are beautiful views of it from many parts of the city.
		Durham University was founded in 1832 and today has about 12,000 students and 11 colleges (as well as a college belonging to Teikyo University, Japan).
		This is a recreation of a village in North England in 1913, and of a manor house and railway in 1825.
	ukstudentlife.com /Travel/Tours/England/Durham.htm (570 words)

	University of Durham -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The University of Durham is a (Establishment where a seat of higher learning is housed, including administrative and living quarters as well as facilities for research and teaching) university in (A division of the United Kingdom) England.
		Durham University Business School's (A master's degree in business) MBA was ranked 61st in the world by (Click link for more info and facts about the Economist) the Economist in 2003 and 82nd in the (Click link for more info and facts about Financial Times) Financial Times in 2004.
		Durham is the only British university apart from Oxford and Cambridge to operate a collegiate structure in that all the colleges at Durham are "listed bodies" under the Education Reform Act, 1988, "recognised by the UK authorities as being able to offer courses leading to a degree of a recognised body".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/u/un/university_of_durham.htm (3983 words)

	A guide to Durham Castle from TourUK
		The Norman castle, built on a peninsular overlooking the River Wear, was begun in 1072 and positioned adjacent to a Benedictine monastery.
		Work on the cathedral began in 1092 and the Bishop of Durham was invested with the responsibility of both the cathedral and fortress.
		In the 1930's a huge rescue operation had to be carried out to underpin the subsiding foundations as, while the cathedral was built on solid bedrock, the castle was built on less substantial material.
	www.touruk.co.uk /castles/castle_Durham.htm (280 words)

	Durham Castle on AboutBritain.com
		Durham Castle dates from 1072 and was the seat of the Prince Bishops of Durham until 1832.
		It is the founding college of the University of Durham and it provides a central venue with a unique medieval atmosphere for holidays and conferences during vacation times.
		Auckland Castle is the home of the Bishop of Durham, and has been for the past 800 years.
	www.aboutbritain.com /DurhamCastle.htm (440 words)

	Durham Castle and Cathedral (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Durham Cathedral was built in the late 11th and early 12th centuries to house the relics of St Cuthbert (evangelizer of Northumbria) and the Venerable Bede.
		It attests to the importance of the early Benedictine monastic community and is the largest and finest example of Norman architecture in England.
		Behind the cathedral stands the castle, an ancient Norman fortress which was the residence of the prince-bishops of Durham.
	whc.unesco.org /sites/370.htm (125 words)

	Durham Cathedral (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At the time of the cathedral's construction, Durham stood as the one of the most important northern outposts of the Normans, who began construction on the castle and cathedral shortly after their victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
		The castle was begun in 1071 and given at its completion by William the Conqueror to the bishops of Durham, who served both as spiritual leaders and as lords over this diocese, commanding full armies and having more governing privileges than any other baron in England.
		Durham Cathedral is considered by many to be the foremost example of late-Norman cathedral architecture.
	wso.williams.edu /~dredmond/cathedrals/durham (578 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Durham (Dunelmum)
		The council was in origin a feudal body, chosen from the bishop's immediate followers and officials, the functions entrusted to it being the general administration of the palatinate, financial affairs, and the duty of advising the bishop.
		The Benedictines held Durham Abbey, with the dependent houses of Jarrow, Wearmouth, and Finchale.
		Durham College (now Trinity), at Oxford, was greatly protected and helped by various bishops and priors of Durham, and possibly was originally a Durham foundation.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05211a.htm (2100 words)

	Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage and History
		The county of Durham lies in the North East of England with it's administrative capital being the city of Durham.
		A prominent part of Durham detached in Northumberland, stretching from Cornhill to Tweedmouth over to Holy Island, and a further area from Bedlington to North Blyth is administered by Northumberland County Council with Berwick-on-Tweed Council as the second tier for the former and Wansbeck Council for the latter.
		Crayke Castle is Durham detached in Yorkshire under the control of North Yorkshire County and Hambleton District Councils.
	www.camelotintl.com /heritage/counties/england/durham.html (801 words)

	Durham City Villages (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Durham’s surrounding villages are in the main former mining settlements but many have more ancient origins and often have unexpected connections with Durham’s ecclesiastical history.
		Of all the villages that suround Durham City, old Brancepeth to the south west of the city is particularly well steeped in legend and history.
		The castle was originally founded many centuries ago by the chief of the Anglo Saxon BULMER FAMILY whose last male heir, Bertram Bulmer had a daughter called Emma who married GILBERT DE NEUVILLE, a Norman baron who had come to England with William the Conqueror.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /DurhamCityVillages.htm (3131 words)

	A guide to Barnard Castle in Durham from TourUK
		The outer ward and gatehouse divide the castle from the town.
		This was disputed by the Prince- Bishops of Durham and in 1296, when King John of Scotland was overthrown, the Prince-Bishops seized the castle.
		The castle later came under the ownership of Richard III whose emblem, a white boar, came be seen carved into a window.
	www.touruk.co.uk /castles/castle_barnard.htm (205 words)

	Castles on the Web: Castle Tours : England
		Cliffe Fort, near the village of Cliffe on the Hoo peninsula in Kent, was built in the mid-nineteenth century as a defence against the invasion of London via the Thames estuary.
		Bodiam is probably one of the most photographic castles in England and was one of the last true castles to be built.
		Skipton Castle is over 900 years old and one of the most complete and best preserved medieval castles in England.
	www.castlesontheweb.com /search/Castle_Tours/England (321 words)

	Durham City Council: Planning - Design & Conservation - World Heritage Site (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Durham cathedral is the masterpiece of Norman architecture in England.
		Durham Castle was established by the Normans who raised the motte and bailey fortifications that guard the neck of the peninsula.
		The medieval bishops continued to develop the castle and after the loss of its fortress function in the seventeenth century yet more lavish accommodation was provided, while the redundant fortifications were transformed into gardens and terraced walks.
	www.durhamcity.gov.uk /html/business/planning/design_conservation/world.html (1093 words)

	The Durham News \| Front
		Four bond measures totaling $227.1 million are on Tuesday's ballot -- one for the city of Durham and three for the entire county.
		The city of Durham's $20 million bond package for street improvements includes $3 million to repair about three miles of sidewalks, leading to raised eyebrows among some residents about the high price.
		The Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce, in partnership with Durham Public Schools, will host a Career Expo exclusively for DPS middle school students and their parents/guardians from 6 p.m.
	www.thedurhamnews.com (510 words)

	Castle UK - Loudspeaker Manufacturers - Classic Range - Durham 3 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A new compact loudspeaker from Castle Acoustics always creates a stir of expectation in the world of home audio.
		It is partnered by a 130mm die-cast bass unit, which uses a woven carbon fibre cone and Kapton voice coil former, wound with copper coated aluminium wire, for outstanding dynamics.
		All magnet assemblies are fully shielded, making the Durham 3 ideal for use as a front pair in compact AV systems, or as a rear pair in more ambitious ones.
	www.castle.uk.com /pages/classic_durham.htm (225 words)

	Durham Cathedral History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The buildings of the NAVE, the CHOIR and their accompanying AISLES form the central body of the cathedral and it is these which were largely built to Carileph’s designs in the period 1093 to 1135.
		So strict was the rule against women entering the cathedral that in 1333 when Queen Philippa, wife of Edward III crossed the line to find sleeping quarters in the cathedral, she was forced to sleep elsewhere.
		The Bishop’s throne at Durham is the highest in Christendom.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /DurhamCathedral.htm (1715 words)

	Durham Castle
		The castle keep is not what it seems.
		So it can provide little more than a glimpse of what was once one of the most important castles in all of Britain.
		The castle can only be viewed by taking one of the regular guided tours (fee charged).
	www.britainexpress.com /counties/durham/az/durham/castle.htm (549 words)

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