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	EH.Net Encyclopedia: The Dust Bowl
		The Dust Bowl was a coincidence of drought, severe wind erosion, and economic depression that occurred on the Southern and Central Great Plains during the 1930s.
		The core of the Dust Bowl was in the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles, southwestern Kansas and southeastern Colorado.
		Dust storms were not new to the region in the 1930s, but a number of demographic and cultural factors were new.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/Cunfer.DustBowl (4654 words)

	1930' Dust Bowl
		"Dust Bowl" was a term born in the hard times from the people who lived in the drought-stricken region during the great depression.
		In May, a severe storm blew dirt from Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas as far east as New York City and Washington D.C. In spite of the terrific storm in May, the year 1934 was pleasant respite from the blowing dirt and tornadoes of the previous year.
		The methods of fighting the dust were as many and varied as were the means of finding a way to get something to eat and wear.
	www.ptsi.net /user/museum/dustbowl.html (1534 words)

	Dust Bowl - MSN Encarta
		Dust Bowl, common name applied to a large area in the southern part of the Great Plains region of the United States, much of which suffered extensively from wind erosion during the 1930s.
		The measures taken have included seeding large areas in grass; 3-year rotation of wheat and sorghum and of lying fallow; the introduction of contour plowing, terracing, and strip planting; and, in areas of greater rainfall, the planting of long “shelter belts” of trees to break the force of the wind.
		Dry spells in the 1950s, '60s, and late '70s were responsible for recurrences of dust storms in the region.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572810/Dust_Bowl.html (337 words)

	The Weather Doctor Almanac 2002
		Dust storms can last from 3 to 4 hours to 2 to 3 days, and often occur in the late winter to early spring when extreme pressure gradients are formed.
		The previous April (2001), an Asian dust storm kicked a million-ton dust cloud from the Gobi and Takla Makan deserts in Mongolia and China, respectively.
		Approximately two thirds of all dust storms are caused by strong winds associated with the passage of fronts and troughs or the down mixing of upper level winds.
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/almanac/arc2002/alm02jun.htm (2304 words)

	Dust Bowl Years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Some of the beginnings of the Dust Bowl went back to the time of World War 1, when marginal land was plowed to produce $2 wheat, for in years to come when the rains stopped, that land lay bare, despoiled, and eroded.
		But most of the origins of the Dust Bowl years came from the geological and climatically characteristics of the vast inland area bounded by the Gulf of Mexico on the south, the Rocky Mountains on the west, and what geographic barriers existed on the east and north.
		Although there were sporadic bursts of dust in the spring of 1932 and 1933, it was not until 1934 that overwhelming clouds of dust blew, swirling in huge fl blizzards, swooping across the countryside in menacing gales.
	www.adamshistory.org /dust.html (4054 words)

	The Dust Bowl and Agricultural Capitalism: An Environmental Disaster to the Plains Region, Geoff Sites,student ...
		The Dust Bowl was a problem that plagued the Plains because of entrepreneur forced expansion on agricultural frontiers.
		The Dust Bowl is historically important because it showed the mistakes and the consequences of over-farming on the land.
		He explains the cause of the dust bowl as not natural, “The dirty thirties were largely the outcome of a well-established, long-maturing economic culture, that of agricultural capitalism.” (211).
	www.englishdiscourse.org /edc.1.1sites.html (1790 words)

	Dust Bowl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		UWEC geog111 Vogeler - The Dust Bowl : explains what the dust bowl was and what caused it and includes photos.
		Dust Bowl Refugees Overwhelm California Relief Agencies — 1937 : tells how the dust bowl refugees flocked to other areas like California and the problems this mass movement and relocation caused.
		The Dust Bowl : this is an overview of the dust bowl and offers a link to view a movie of a dust storm during the dust bowl.
	www.easternct.edu /depts/edu/textbooks/dustbowl.html (243 words)

	Amazon.com: Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s: Books: Donald Worster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In Dust Bowl, Worster presents a well-developed and clear argument for his advocacy of American culture's inseparable tie to capitalism and its affect in the ecological devastation of the Southern Plains.
		In "Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s" (Oxford University Press: New York, 1979) Donald Worster contends that the destruction of the southern plains was one of the most terrible ecological disasters in human history.
		The irony of the label `dust bowl' is that while some thought the term was a satire on college football ("orange bowl", "rose bowl") Geiger was not referring to sports at all.
	www.amazon.com /Dust-Bowl-Southern-Plains-1930s/dp/0195032128 (4448 words)

	About The Dust Bowl
		Children wore dust masks to and from school, women hung wet sheets over windows in a futile attempt to stop the dirt, farmers watched helplessly as their crops blew away.
		Dust from the over-plowed and over-grazed land begins to blow.
		The worst "fl blizzard" of the Dust Bowl occurs, causing extensive damage.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/depression/dustbowl.htm (1432 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Northerly winds are removing topsoil and then the clouds of dust were raised as high as 16,000 feet by colliding southerly winds.
		Dust is too much for this farmer's son in Cimarron County, Oklahoma.
		The Dust Bowl and drought devastated some farm families in the early 1930's, such as this 32 year old mother of seven.
	www.weru.ksu.edu /new_weru/multimedia/dustbowl/dustbowlpics.html (289 words)

	Drought in the Dust Bowl Years
		Those who remained in the drought regions were forced to endure severe dust storms and their health effects, diminished incomes, animal infestations, and the physical and emotional stress over their uncertain futures.
		Dust Storms and Their Damage Photos from the collection of the Wind Erosion Research Unit of USDA’s Agricultural Research Service at Kansas State University.
		Dust storm footage A short film clip of a dust storm during the 1930s.
	www.drought.unl.edu /whatis/dustbowl.htm (2703 words)

	Dust Bowl References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Steinbeck's geography was sketchy at best; his Dust Bowl was in eastern Oklahoma, several hundred miles from the disaster on the western plains.
		Dust Bowl Descent is a study of then and now.
		The Dust Bowl photographs in the book are few but powerful - farms abandoned to sand, the Coble family's race to safety during a dust storm.
	www.weru.ksu.edu /DustBowl (1066 words)

	Dust Bowl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dust Bowl was the result of a series of dust storms in the central United States and Canada from 1931 to 1939[1], caused by decades of inappropriate farming techniques, with buffalo herds that fertilized the soil displaced by wheat farming, followed by a severe drought.
		Dust storm in Spearman, Texas, April 14, 1935.
		Then on May 11, 1934, a strong two-day dust storm removed massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst such storms of the Dust Bowl.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dust_Bowl (634 words)

	[No title]
		The migrants represented in Voices from the Dust Bowl came primarily from Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri.
		Voices from the Dust Bowl illustrates certain universals of human experience: the trauma of dislocation from one's roots and homeplace; the tenacity of a community's shared culture; and the solidarity within and friction among folk groups.
		Voices from the Dust Bowl is particularly relevant for us today since it demonstrates that living and working conditions of agricultural migrant laborers have changed little in the intervening half century.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html (1671 words)

	Dust Bowl - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Dust Bowl, common name applied to a large area in the southern part of the Great Plains region of the United States, much of which suffered...
		- area with dust storms: an area in a semiarid environment in which the topsoil is exposed and dust storms are likely to occur
		desert, dust bowl, floodplain, forest, grassland, heath, highland, lowland, marsh, marshland, moorland, mudflat, pampas, permafrost, plain, prairie,...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Dust_Bowl.html (190 words)

	The Martian Dust Bowl
		The vertical distribution of atmospheric dust at Gusev crater was consistent with uniform mixing, with a measured scale height of 11.56 ± 0.62 kilometers.
		Both rovers have been coated by some dust falling out of the atmosphere during that time, with estimates of the dust thickness ranging from 1 to 10 micrometers, or between 1/100th and 1/10th the width of a single human hair.
		The possibility that it has a clumping effect on the accumulated dust on solar panels is under consideration as a factor in unexpected boosts of electric output from the panels.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars-dust-05a.html (1060 words)

	The Dust Bowl of Oklahoma
		During the great dust storms of the 1930s in Oklahoma, the weather threw up so much dirt that, at times, there was zero visibility and everything was covered in dirt.
		Dust storms were the result of drought and land that had been overused.
		The situation was so serious that, by 1935, the government developed conservation programs to improve the Dust Bowl by changing the basic farming methods of the region.
	www.americaslibrary.gov /cgi-bin/page.cgi/es/ok/dustbowl_1 (284 words)

	Science: Causes of the Dust Bowl
		Voices from the Dust Bowl uses material from the Library of Congress such as interviews and recordings of migrant workers in California labor camps.
		A good activity to guide or culminate lessons on the dust bowl would be a whole class discussion facilitated by the teacher using a big chart paper with the question, "What Caused the Dust Bowl?" Prepare it in two columns with "Humans" at the top of one side and "Nature" on the other.
		Based on the reality of the dust bowl and the resources and bibliography, students write poems reflecting their feelings and thoughts about the dust bowl.
	www.woodyguthrie.org /curriculum/curscience.htm (898 words)

	The Dust Bowl of the 1930s
		In the central and northern plains, dust was everywhere.
		Herman Goertzen remembers chickens going to roost in the middle of the day because the dust storm made it so dark the chickens thought it was night.
		The impact of the Dust Bowl was felt all over the U.S. During the same April as Black Sunday, 1935, one of FDR's advisors, Hugh Hammond Bennett, was in Washington D.C. on his way to testify before Congress about the need for soil conservation legislation.
	www.livinghistoryfarm.org /farminginthe30s/water_02.html (511 words)

	The American Experience \| Surviving The Dust Bowl \| People & Events \| The Drought
		Although dry spells are unavoidable in the region, occurring roughly every 25 years, it was the combination of drought and misuse of the land that led to the incredible devastation of the Dust Bowl years.
		Originally covered with grasses that held the fine soil in place, the land of the southern plains was plowed by settlers who brought their farming techniques with them when they homesteaded the area.
		Beginning in 1935, federal conservation programs were created to rehabilitate the Dust Bowl, changing the basic farming methods of the region by seeding areas with grass, rotating crops, and using contour plowing, strip plowing, and planting "shelter belts" of trees to break the wind.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/dustbowl/peopleevents/pandeAMEX06.html (564 words)

	Dust Bowl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As part of a five-state region affected by severe drought and soil erosion, the "Dust Bowl" was result of several factors.
		The increase in population between 1930 and 1940 in Potter County probably is due to the influence of transportation and oil and natural gas in shaping the Amarillo area economy.
		The initial response was to treat the symptoms rather than the root cause: "The Red Cross issued an urgent call for dust masks, especially for children." Although school children were provided with gauze masks, their effectiveness was meager as the dust was too fine and too prevalent for these stopgap actions.
	freespace.virgin.net /john.cletheroe/usa_can/usa/dbowl2.htm (5013 words)

	Amazon.com: Dust Bowl Ballads: Music: Woody Guthrie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Dust Bowl Ballads has been remastered and the sound on the new edition (with a bonus track!) is sterling.
		Every song is about dust and the dust bowl and dust storms and dust old dust and dust pneumonia and being a dust bowl refugee.
		People were poor anyway, and these dust storms, and the "rattling in my lungs" they brought, and the poverty they left in their wakes changed the face of America forever, as Okies abandoned their farms and headed naively, hopefully, to California.
	www.amazon.com /Dust-Bowl-Ballads-Woody-Guthrie/dp/B00004TY8S (1965 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Dust Bowl: Books: David Booth,Karen Reczuch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The dust that coats Matthew's cereal bowl becomes a metaphor for the drought his family faces.
		Readers follow along a slow-moving narrative, hearing of dust and dirt everywhere, learning of towels stuffed in the cracks of doors, of children walking to school backwards to keep the wind from stinging their faces, and of clearing the dust from the nostrils of cows.
		The grainy, nostalgic illustrations in muted earth tones capture the energy of dust storms: A cloud of hot, sucking wind frightens the horse, knits the brow of the grandmother, and creases the faces of children walking against the wind.
	www.amazon.ca /Dust-Bowl-David-Booth/dp/1550742957 (559 words)

	Dust Bowl Ballads - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dust Bowl Ballads is an album by Woody Guthrie, recorded for Victor Records during Guthrie's time in New York City in 1940.
		The Dust Bowl Ballads was originally released as two three-disc collections of 78 rpm records.
		The songs on "Dust Bowl Ballads" are semi-autobiographical, chronicling Guthrie's experience as a so-called "Okie" during the Dust Bowl era, where Guthrie witnessed the economic hardship that many migrant workers faced in California.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dust_Bowl_Ballads (374 words)

	USATODAY.com - Scientists say ocean temperature shifts created '30s Dust Bowl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It was the Dust Bowl days of the 1930s, a time when drought choked the Great Plains stretching across Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, New Mexico and Colorado.
		For the next nine years, yellow-brown dust blew on the southern plains; walls of fl dust rolled across the northern plains.
		Children donned dust masks to go and from school and wet sheets were used to try to stop dust from getting into homes.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/resources/climate/2004-04-18-dust-bowl_x.htm (731 words)

	Dust Bowl. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After years of adequate yields, livestock were returned to graze the areas, and their hooves pulverized the unprotected soil.
		The uprooting, poverty, and human suffering caused during this period is notably portrayed in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath.
		Through later governmental intervention and methods of erosion-prevention farming, the Dust Bowl phenomenon has been virtually eliminated, thus left a historic reference.
	www.bartleby.com /65/du/DustBowl.html (229 words)

	NASA - Top Story - SOURCE OF 1930s 'DUST BOWL' DROUGHT IN TROPICAL WATERS, NASA FINDS - March 18, 2004
		The model was able to reconstruct the Dust Bowl drought quite closely, providing strong evidence that the Great Plains dry spell originated with abnormal sea surface temperatures.
		NASA scientists have an explanation for one of the worst climatic events in the history of the United States, the "Dust Bowl" drought, which devastated the Great Plains and all but dried up an already depressed American economy in the 1930's.
		This story is based upon a research article, "On the Cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl," recently published by Siegfried D. Schubert, Max J. Suarez, Philip J. Pegion, Randal D. Koster, and Julio T. Bacmeister in the March 19, 2004 edition of SCIENCE Magazine.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/goddard/news/topstory/2004/0319dustbowl.html (1031 words)

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