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	Dutch East India Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic.
		The Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC in Dutch, literally "United East Indies Company") was established in 1602, when the Estates-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia.
		In 1640 the VOC obtained the port of Galle, Sri Lanka, from the Portuguese and broke the latter's monopoly of the cinnamon trade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company (1713 words)

	East India Company - MSN Encarta
		East India Company, any of a number of commercial enterprises formed in western Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries to further trade with the East Indies.
		The most important of the companies were given charters by their respective governments, authorizing them to acquire territory wherever they could and to exercise in the acquired territory various functions of government, including legislation, the issuance of currency, the negotiation of treaties, the waging of war, and the administration of justice.
		The East India Company, however, bought control of this new company, and in 1702 an act of Parliament amalgamated the two as “The United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies.” The charter was renewed several times in the 18th century, each time with financial concessions to the Crown.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571539/East_India_Company.html (1132 words)

	EAST INDIA COMPANY
		Although the company, unlike its Dutch rival, had not hitherto undertaken territorial acquisition, this changed in 1668 when Bombay, ceded in 1665 to Charles II as part of a marriage settlement from the Portuguese crown, became the seat of the company's western presidency in place of Surat.
		In this deteriorating situation the company was ill-served by its servants and suffered attacks from Muscat coastal raiders and incursions from eastern regions against its factory in Bandar(-e) ¿Abba@s, though it was still hoping to revive its trade.
		However, trade had slumped considerably since the occupation of Basára, and with the anarchy that ensued on the death of Kar^m Khan in 1779 it was not to revive for decades.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7/v7f6/v7f656.html (2566 words)

	THE DUTCH EAST INDIA C... - Online Information article about THE DUTCH EAST INDIA C...
		Companies described as "Van Ferne "—that is, of the distant seas—were formed, and by 1602 from sixty to seventy Dutch vessels had sailed to Hindustan and the Indian Archipelago.
		HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr.
		The rivalry and the hostilities of French and English gradually drove the Dutch from the mainland of Asia and from Ceylon.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /DRO_ECG/DUTCH_EAST_INDIA_COMPANY_THE_Oo.html (1893 words)

	Dutch East India Company Summary
		Born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Speelman came to the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia) in 1645 at the age of seventeen.
		The Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC in Dutch, literally "United East Indies Company") was established on March 20, 1602, when the Estates-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia.
		The flag of the company was orange, white, blue (similar to the current Dutch flag) with the company logo embroidered on it.
	www.bookrags.com /Dutch_East_India_Company (1974 words)

	Dutch East India
		The Dutch felt that the capture of Portuguese outposts and trade in Asia would be an important second front that would lead towards the eventual defeat of the main enemy, Spain, and they established the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, VOC), in 1602.
		The Dutch tried to establish one such monopoly on tin and early Dutch efforts in the Malay Peninsula were concentrated on securing a firm control of the tin trade on the west coast.
		The Dutch adopted their traditional policy of signing treaties with the Malay tin-producing states, followed by the setting up of fortified trading posts or factories, as they were called.
	www.sabrizain.demon.co.uk /malaya/dutch.htm (1145 words)

	1614 The East India companies
		Trade in Asia must be maintained under the protection of our own weapons; and they have to be paid for from the profits of trade.
		The Dutch had found that competition among their merchant-venturers to buy spices in the East was raising the price: so, hey presto, form a unified company, and grant it a monopoly east of the Cape of Good Hope.
		Dutch or British, the men on the spot were no less ready to pocket their employers’ money, making up for low pay with embezzlement and trading on their own account.
	www.uwec.edu /geography/Ivogeler/w111/estindia.htm (897 words)

	Dutch East India Company - Rijksmuseum Amsterdam - National Museum for Art and History
		Abbreviated to VOC (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie) the Dutch East India Company was founded in 1602 and remained active until 1800.
		Formed as a combination of mercantile organisations from various cities in Holland and Zeeland, the Company was involved in commerce in Asia itself, as well as between Europe and Asia.
		It grew to become the largest trading and transport enterprise in the world.
	www.rijksmuseum.nl /aria/aria_encyclopedia/00047148?lang=en (87 words)

	Amboina to Zealand and All Points In-Between: The Dutch East India Company, 1602-1798 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Trade was initially in private hands, but even as early as 1598, the States General “tried to arrange an orderly development of the East India trade.
		It was impossible to distinguish between the Company and the government, as the Company led the war in the Indies and the government led the war in the Republic.
		The Dutch trade hegemony in the Pacific was hard fought and paid for in the blood of both the natives and VOC operatives, but it was never completely strong.
	mmebahorel.cafemusain.com /projects/voc.html (8540 words)

	Trading Places: The East India Company and Asia
		Once the regular trade at Canton was established the Company came to concentrate on three principal commodities--tea, silk textiles and inexpensive porcelain.
		Company servants at Bantam and Hirado had become familiar with the universal habit of tea-drinking among east Asian society of all classes, even if the esoterics of the Japanese tea ceremony had eluded them.
		As developments in India changed the whole nature of the English East India Company's position there, it was the China trade that provided both its continuing commercial justification and the revenues that bolstered its continuing existence.
	www.fathom.com /course/21701760/session4.html (2185 words)

	News: International Competitions Hoorn and Enkhuizen
		In the 17th and 18th century companies were established in several European countries with as goal trading with Southern and East Asia.
		These companies were authorized to build military fortifications and conclude treaties, as well as holding trading monopolies in territories assigned to them.
		In The Netherlands the East India Trading Company (Dutch abbreviation: VOC) was established March 20, 1602.
	www.carillon.org /eng/actueel/hoorn_1.htm (835 words)

	the oldest Share : VOC 1606 / die älteste Aktie der Welt
		The company shareholders (the term came into use after about 1606) had to produce the subscribed capital in four part payments and they were called up by the VOC between 1603 and 1606.
		The East Indian quarters of the VOC were set up in Batavia on the island of Java, the Portuguese was driven out of Ceylon and Malacca und the first white colony was established in South Africa.
		In the Persian Gulf it traded spices for salt, in Zanzibar salt for cloves, in India cloves for gold, in China gold for tea and silk, in Japan silk for copper, and in the islands of south-east Asia copper for spices.
	www.oldest-share.com (2131 words)

	Dutch East India Trading - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the trading company, see Dutch East India Company.
		Dutch East India Trading is an independent record label based in Rockville Centre, New York.
		Homestead Records, Giant Records and Rockville Records were among the imprints of the Dutch East India Trading group.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dutch_East_India_Trading (126 words)

	East India Company - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		East India Company, any of a number of commercial enterprises formed in western Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries to further trade with the...
		As a result of its victories, the East India Company had acquired strategic political and territorial positions in Bengal, the most populous Indian...
		- British company: a trading company established in England in 1600 to trade with the East Indies, and later with India, which it effectively governed for many years.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /East_India_Company.html (140 words)

	VOC, Dutch East India Company - Timeline Index
		March 20, 1602, the representatives of the provinces of the Dutch republic, granted a the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) a monopoly on the trade in the East Indies.
		Jan Pieterszoon Coen was an officer of Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the early seventeenth century, holding two terms as its Governor-General in the Dutch East Indies...
		The Dutch Golden Age was a period in Dutch history, roughly spanning the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world....
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/1475 (390 words)

	The British East India Company — the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two)
		The company with the long name first entered the spice trade in the form of an old-fashioned or early capitalist venture, essentially conducting each voyage as a separate business venture with its own subsribers or stock-holders.
		The Dutch virtually excluded company members from the East Indies after the Amboina Massacre in 1623 (an incident in which English, Japanese, and Portuguese traders were executed by Dutch authorities), but the company's defeat of the Portuguese in India (1612) won them trading concessions from the Mughal Empire.
		The company's encounters with foreign competitors eventually required it to assemble its own military and administrative departments, thereby becoming an imperial power in its own right, though the British government began to reign it in by the late eighteenth century.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/empire/eic.html (546 words)

	Trading Places: The East India Company and Asia
		Not only was the East India Company the foundation stone of the British Empire in India and beyond, it was also the catalyst of important cultural changes at home.
		Tea from China was one of the company's key contributions to life in Britain, as were a variety of spices from the Banda islands and exotic textiles from India.
		The tale of the East India Company is a fascinating combination of economic, cultural and personal histories, and of individual and imperial ambitions.
	www.fathom.com /course/21701760/index.html (511 words)

	Swedish East India Company
		The successful English and Dutch East India companies already trading were closely studied and the decision was made to develop international trade with China.
		Once trading was finished, the cargo was loaded - porcelain in bundles, tubs and wooden boxes cushioned with rice paddy or marketable goods such as galingale, pepper, rice, sago, or tea, at the bottom for ballast, followed by chests of tea and finally the precious silks and spices.
		To trade with the Chinese was difficult both due to the geographical distance as well as the cultural differences.
	www.gotheborg.com /project/company.shtml (1799 words)

	Dutch Colonization
		Sponsored by the West India Company, 30 families arrived in North America in 1624, establishing a settlement on present-day Manhattan.
		These stone houses are fine examples of 17th-century Dutch stone buildings, and 21 still stand within the original layout of the stockade, listed in the National Register of Historic Places as contributing members of the Stockade Historic District.
		By 1664, both the Dutch and English were preparing for war, and King Charles of England granted his brother, James, Duke of York, vast American territories that included all of New Netherland.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm (1417 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Essays: The United States of America and the Netherlands: Nieuw Nederland - New ...
		The company officials of the West India Company were difficult men to deal with: petty bureaucrats more often than not, whose main interest was to get back home as quickly and with as much money as possible.
		By 1656 the reversal of attitude of the Company was so complete that it regarded the granting of patroonships as inadvisable and injurious to the increase of population.
		The result of all this was an increase in population from an estimated 2,000 in 1648 to 10,000 in 1660.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/E/newnetherlands/nl4.htm (1007 words)

	East India Docks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The East India Company was established in 1600 to challenge the Dutch-Portuguese monopoly of the spice trade.
		The East India Company had a monopoly of this trade until 1694 when the House of Commons passed an act that enabled all British firms to trade with India.
		The British government became concerned with the power of the East India Company and in 1783 Charles Fox attempted to persuade Parliament to pass a bill that would replace the company's directors with a board of commissioners.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /LONeast.htm (426 words)

	Dutch West India Company - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Dutch West India Company, trading company incorporated by the States-General of the Netherlands in 1621 to share world trade with the Dutch East...
		Minuit, Peter (1580-1638), Dutch colonial governor in America, who helped establish New Amsterdam, the settlement that became New York.
		In 1602 the Dutch parliament granted the Dutch East India Company a charter giving it a trading monopoly with all countries east of the Cape of Good...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Dutch_West_India_Company.html (111 words)

	The Dutch East India Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The VOC monopoly of the spice trade meant that it determined the prices of the commodities, their production and availability and determined which other powers could participate in the trade, setting out clearly the conditions under which this would be possible.
		Many an East Asian country, such as Indonesia, that had been colonised by the Dutch because of the VOC project, still have to deal with the legacy of colonisation and slavery four hundred years later.
		This year, 2002, the hegemony of the VOC is being celebrated and commemorated variously in The Netherlands as the golden age of Dutch commerce.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/specialprojects/voc/voc.htm (804 words)

	imperialism.html
		Rule by "The Company" could be oppressive, but it was impersonal; the Company was only interested in economic goals.
		After 1858, the East India Company's rule was dismantled, and India came under direct British rule.
		India as a whole was placed under military occupation, and 1/3 of the subcontinent's total revenue went to pay for the military force which was occupying them.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/imperialism.html (2105 words)

	A Moment in Time: Dutch East India Company - Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A quasi-governmental joint stock corporation, the Dutch East India Company was granted a trade monopoly between the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa eastward to the Straight of Magellan at the tip of South America.
		The Company was actually a group of entrepreneurs owning small trading companies who combined their knowledge and resources.
		During the pinnacle of the company's success it had 10,000 soldiers, 40 warships and 150 merchant ships, but by the end of the 1700s, internal corruption and a market shifting from spices to new commodities - textiles from India, coffee from Java and Arabia and tea from China - had left the company behind.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/amit/display.cfm?amit_id=2256 (372 words)

	Dutch East India Company — Infoplease.com
		The VOC's trade in Indian textiles with Burma, 1634-80.(Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or Dutch East India Company)
		Trading places: the East India Company and Asia.
		Hugo Grotius, East India Trade and the King of Johor.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0816597.html (377 words)

	The Boer War-An over-view (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On the north east, it is bordered by Mozambique and Swaziland and it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the South.
		The Boers are the descendants of Dutch traders who settled first at the Cape of Good Hope and later expanded their territory both northwards and eastwards.
		The first Dutch traders to settle at the Cape of Good Hope were members of the Dutch-East India Trading company and were led by Jan Van Riebeeck.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~enkwaa/index.html (404 words)

	The World in 1600. Trading Places - the East India Company and Asia 1600-1834, an Exhibition. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Trading Places - the East India Company and Asia 1600-1834, an Exhibition.
		Asia used to be known as “The East Indies”.
		Each was wealthy and sophisticated and had its own international trading network.
	www.bl.uk /whatson/exhibitions/trading/world1.html (106 words)

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