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Topic: Dutch Nobility

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	Dutch Belted (Lakenvelder) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The Dutch Belted breed is, according to records, the only belted breed of cattle tracing back directly to the original belted or "canvassed" cattle which were described in Switzerland and Austria.
		These "Gurtenvieh" were evidently moved by Dutch nobility from the mountain farms of Canton Appenzell and Tyrol Mountains during or soon after the feudal period.
		Among pure Dutch Belted cattle in the U.S., roughly 98% are wellmarked, and pure Dutch Belted bulls produce up to 90% well-marked calves on cows of other breeds showing the prepotency of the belted gene in pure individuals.
	www.knowledgebank.irri.org /beef/Dutch_Belted_(Lakenvelder).htm (883 words)

	Nobility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally, knights or nobles were mounted warriors who swore allegiance to their sovereign and promised to fight for him in exchange for allocation of land (usually together with serfs living there).
		Nobility in its most general and strict sense is an acknowledged preeminence that is hereditary, i.e., legitimate descendants (or all male descendants, in some societies) of nobles are nobles, unless explicitly stripped of the privilege.
		Nobles typically commanded resources, such as food, money, or labor, from common members or nobles of lower rank of their societies, and could exercise religious or political power over them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nobleman (778 words)

	reviews
		Especially in light of the more recent complaint about the emphasis in Dutch historiography on the role of Holland, it is time to engage in a more regional approach whereby the other provinces (but also the generalitylands) are given their due attention.
		Dutch regents remained foremost burghers; that they sought to distinguish themselves as citizens with a special status in society was nothing out of the ordinary.
		The role of the nobility diversified into new areas of government; they were thus incorporated in the overall structure of the emerging state to such a degree that they were still a force to be reckoned with in society.
	home.tiscali.nl /~t845911/republic/congress.htm (2541 words)

	NGA - Dutch and Flemish Painting 16th-17th centuries
		The emergence of the Dutch school of painting in the early seventeenth century is one of the most remarkable phenomena in the history of the visual arts.
		The Dutch Republic, a small country that had only become a political entity in 1579 and was still suffering from the effects of a long and arduous war with Spain, would hardly seem to have had the resources to nourish and sustain its artistic traditions.
		Subjects drawn from the Bible, mythology, and ancient history, likewise, were often chosen for their moralizing messages or for establishing parallels between the Dutch experience and great historical, literary, and political events of the past.
	www.nga.gov /collection/gallery/dutch-2.html (501 words)

	RC 28 Paper Abstracts
		Given the small size of Dutch nobility relative to the Dutch non-noble population in the comparable classes, this equals an odds ratio of 23.4 for homogamy within the nobility.
		The odds of obtaining elite positions did not decrease significantly for members of the Dutch nobility born before 1940, and the lower odds for the members of the nobility born after 1940 are attributable to their youth.
		The continuing advantage of members of the Dutch nobility is most easily attributable to their bourgeois origins and their modernisation of their social and cultural capital.
	www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de /rc28/abs-dronkers.htm (354 words)

	Dutch Imperialism: 1830 to 1910
		Rajas of Buleleng and Karangasem are dissatisfied with Dutch, and refuse to ratify treaties.
		Dutch institute direct rule in the Sultanate of Asahan in northern Sumatra and remove the Sultan to Riau.
		King Sisingamangaraja XII of the Bataks revolts against the Dutch, and is shot in the conflict.
	www.henrynugroho.org /sejarah/sejarah05.html (3981 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Netherlands - The Dutch Revolt, 1572-1609
		By 1600 the Dutch had cleared the area north of the Rhine from the Spanish; the military situation was a stalemate, Spain controlling the southern Netherlands, the Dutch the North.
		As commander of the Dutch army, Maurice took a number of Spanish-held fortresses by siege : Nijmegen and Zutphen, 1591; Steenwijk and Coevorden, 1592; Groningen, 1594; Oldenzaal, Enschede and Grol, 1597, thus clearing the stretch to the north of the Rhine from Spanish troops.
		Chronology of the Dutch Revolt, from Ons Verleden (in Dutch)
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/lowcountries/dutchrevolt.html (1676 words)

	Breed Dutch Belted (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The Dutch were very protective of their belted cattle and did not encourage their export.
		The Dutch Belted were imported into the United States in the 1830s, and the breed become purebred in order to preserve the distinctive characteristics.
		Dutch Belted cows are noted for their easy calving, easy handling, and docile, friendly nature.
	www.angelfire.com /la3/iluvmoomoocows/bdutchbelted.html (265 words)

	generation 15 ('stamoudgrootouders')
		Please note: the genealogies provided in the 'commoners' files are generally reliable and need not to be doubted too much, but the 'nobility' files display an increasing level of uncertainty when it comes to the earliest generations of noble medieval families as well as connections with antiquity.
		Where two dates are given for birth or decease, separated by a slash /, the former is the actual date and the latter is the date of report at the municipality.
		In the nobility files it became necessary to resort to a universal set of standardised names in order to prevent having to sum up the same alternative versions of names ad nauseam.
	www.mythopedia.info /ancestry.htm (836 words)

	Sailing - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Sumptuously decorated pleasure boats were maintained by the privileged classes of ancient Egypt, China, Greece, and Rome; however, such craft were usually naval or commercial vessels fitted with luxurious appointments.
		The first boats designed solely for pleasure and sport were commissioned by Dutch nobility and merchants early in the 17th century.
		The word yacht itself is of Dutch origin, short for jaghtschip (“hunting ship”), a swift, maneuverable sailing vessel about 14 to 20 m (about 45 to 65 ft) in length.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761556583___7/Sailing.html (465 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christendom
		The days when the Holy See had had to be rescued by the emperors from the petty and passionate Roman nobility must have seemed far off, and the most definite result of the War of Investitures was a second liberation, the conquest of the complete independence of papal elections.
		The settlement of a disputed papal election practically depended on his verdict, he appeased the feuds of German noble families and reconciled Italian cities, he led one emperor to the South of Italy and sent another on a crusade of the East; more wonderful still, single-handed he pursued the Roman people to forsake the antipope.
		Though not the originator, he was the motive power of the Second Crusade, and his eloquence seemed as persuasive in the Rhine cities as in Burgundy, and as successful in saving the Jews from the fanaticism of the crusaders as in rousing the crusading spirit.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03699b.htm (5585 words)

	Religion - Radio Netherlands Worldwide - Independent thinking, independent voice - English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Despite the fact that fewer and fewer Dutch people are active churchgoers, the Netherlands is a society very much rooted in Christianity.
		Freedom of religion is guaranteed through the Dutch Constitution of 1848 and church and state are separate.
		Of the remaining 60 percent, almost one third is Roman Catholic, 14 percent Dutch Reformed and 7 percent Calvinist.
	www.radionetherlands.nl /features/dutchhorizons/elementsofdutchlife/religion.html (557 words)

	Holland from 1581 - 1697 The history of the Lowlands during the 80 years war with Spain, The Republic of the Seven ...
		They were mainly seeking for more political power for the Dutch nobility, and complained that too many Spaniards were involved in governing the Netherlands.
		To prevent Prince William III of Orange (son of William II) from regaining the authority of his father, Johan de Witt held in his hands all the threads of administration, and occupied the same position of undisputed authority in the councils of the land as Oldenbarneveldt had done at the beginning of the century.
		In defense, the Dutch opened their dikes and flooded the country, creating a watery barrier that was virtually impenetrable.
	www.geerts.com /holland/holland-4.htm (4195 words)

	goDutch.com :: Emden safe haven for 16th-century Dutch refugees
		It literally shepherded most of the Dutch Reformed congregations-in-hiding; numerous are the references in its minutes regarding requests for advice on all sorts of matters, ranging from general Christian conduct to doctrinal issues.
		Nonetheless, their April 1, 1572 capture of the Dutch harbour town of Den Briel (or Brielle) was nothing short of providential, and the turning point in the 80-year-struggle for freedom.
		Dutch authorities renounced their loyalty to him after Prince William was murdered, in 1581.
	www.godutch.com /windmill/newsItem.asp?id=269 (5594 words)

	william
		William and other members of the Dutch nobility organized a strong movement against Spanish oppression, with the result that in 1564 Philip was forced to recall the hated Netherlands prime minister, Antoine Perrenot Cardinal de Granvelle.
		The rebellion gradually grew stronger, however, and in 1572 the northern Dutch provinces of Holland and Zeeland revolted successfully against the Spanish and elected William, who had become a Calvinist, as their stadtholder.
		Although he was unable to unite the Netherlands provinces, the Union of Utrecht became the nucleus of the present Dutch nation.
	members.lycos.nl /nedinpost/william.html (397 words)

	The Dutch Belt Heritage
		This Dutch beef breed can have fl, red, gray or gold coats, yet each one has a complete full circle white belt that wraps totally around the mid section.
		Dutch Belted cattle originated in Holland prior to the 17th century.
		Dutch Swine, fowl and rabbits came early to America but the first recorded importation of Dutch Belted cattle was made in 1838 by the U.S. consul of Holland, D.H. Haight.
	www.texaslonghorn.com /buelingo_info/heritage/index.shtml (1030 words)

	Dutch Republic
		Trade was the trademark of the Dutch, and its importance to the newly developing nation is no better illustrated than the return trip of the first ships from the East Indies.
		Arminius [ahr MIHN ee uhs] Jacobus [1560-1609], was a Dutch theologian.
		Dutch housewives believed that the dirt of the world should never be allowed to cross the threshold of the home.
	www.schoolofabraham.com /dutchrepublic.htm (4568 words)

	William the Silent Summary
		A wealthy, luxury-loving noble in his younger years, he learned to live the meager life of an exile and rebel and came to love the Dutch people, high and low, for whom he gave his life and who loved him as Father of the Fatherland.
		He was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish that set off the Eighty Years' War and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1648.
		As the chief financer and political and military leader of the early years of the Dutch revolt, William is considered a national hero in the Netherlands, even though he was born in Germany, and usually spoke French.
	www.bookrags.com /William_the_Silent (5146 words)

	Kloosterman Genealogy, Timeline of the Netherlands
		It is mainly a confrontation of lower nobility and citizens against higher nobility, but the dividing-line is not sharp at all.
		Winterking Frederic of the Palatinate flees to The Hague, to the house of Oldenbarnevelt's son-in-law.
		The leader of the Dutch Nazis is sentenced to death in December.
	www.kloosterman.be /timeline-eng.php (9642 words)

	William I of Orange - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		William I, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau (April 24, 1533 – July 10, 1584) was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish that set off the Eighty Years' War and resulted in the formal independence of the Netherlands in 1648.
		The so-called Prinsenvlag (Prince's flag), based on the colours in the coat of arms of William of Orange was used by the Dutch rebels, and forms the basis of the current flag of the Netherlands.
		As the chief financer and political and military leader of the early years of the Dutch revolt, William is considered a national hero in the Netherlands, even though he was born in Germany, and usually spoke French.
	www.free-definition.com /William-I-of-Orange.html (3518 words)

	WHKMLA : List of Wars of the Dutch Republic / Netherlands
		Governess Margarewt of Parma found herself in a dilemma, as tension between her administration, which at the pressure from Madrid, pursued a strict policy of suppressing protestantism, and certain groups within the Dutch nobility was high.
		The Dutch suffered defeats at the hands of combined Portuguese-Creole forces in two battles in 1648-1649; the Dutch garrison at Recife surrendered in 1654; the Netherlands recognized Portuguese rule over Brazil in 1661.
		In 1825 the confiscation of land owned by the local nobility by the Dutch administration caused an uprising, led by Prince Dipo Negoro, which lasted for five years and which cost c.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/lowcountries/milxnederland.html (1454 words)

	William I, Prince of Orange, called William the Silent, by KEY, Adriaan
		Philip maintained his father's centralist policy and thus clashed with the Dutch nobility, who sought greater independence and also objected to the strict legal restrictions on Protestants.
		When their petition for tolerance was rejected in 1566, the Dutch broke out in open rebellion.
		The revolt was led by Prince William I of Orange (1533 - 1584), stadholder of Holland and Zeeland (1533-1584).
	www.wga.hu /html/k/key/adriaan/william1.html (248 words)

	Dickinson Cattle Co. Inc. > Home > Press Releases > Beefing_Up_The_Belt >
		This Dutch origin beef breed can have fl, red, gray or gold coats, yet each one has a complete full circle white belt that wraps totally around the mid section.
		Dutch Swine, fowl and rabbits came early to America but the first recorded importation of Dutch Belted cattle was in 1838 by the U.S. Consul of Holland, D.H. Haight.
		Barnum billed the belted cattle as "a rare and aristocratic breed." So fascinated was he by his acquisition that Barnum continued to raise belted Dutch cattle on his farm in Orange County, New York the rest of his life.
	www.texaslonghorn.net /pr/index.cfm?con=Beefing_Up_The_Belt (1173 words)

	Dutch Names
		Although some families, particularly the nobility, adopted surnames as early as the 16th century, a surname was not common in the No. Provinces until civil registry of a surname commenced August 18, 1811 by Napoleonic decree when Holland was part of the French Empire.
		Prior to this most Dutch names were patronymic, that is the surname was the fathers given name.
		Further when a widower remarried the first daughter was often named after his deceased wife and when a widow remarried the first son was often named after her deceased husband.
	home.earthlink.net /~gverver/dnc.htm (981 words)

	The Nobility of Holland - Cambridge University Press
		In the late medieval country of Holland the nobility played a significant role, but in the seventeenth century they appear to have been obliterated by bourgeois merchants and urban regents.
		In this new book the author argues that this ‘decline’ needs reexamination, and bases his study round three key aspects: the demographic evidence for the decline of the nobility, the economic vicissitudes of the sixteenth century, and the political and administrative powers of the nobility during the reigns of Charles V and Philip II.
		His conclusions are surprising, showing the Dutch nobility to be extremely successful in maintaining its position in a bourgeois republic and as forming the elite in administrative, political and economic systems.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521392608 (239 words)

	CentralPets.com - Dutch Belted Page (Printer Friendly Version)
		Dutch Belted Cattle are extremely valued not only for their unusual and lovely markings, and high productivity but for their sweet, placid temperaments.
		At maturity, Dutch Belted bulls weigh from 900 to 1,000 kilograms and cows are between 550 and 650 kilograms.
		Although their origins are obscure, Dutch Belted Cattle probably arose from belted cattle found in Germany and Switzerland, which the Dutch nobility imported.
	centralpets.com /php/PrintFriendly.php?AnimalNumber=5186 (628 words)

	Dutch Baby Names
		Whether you are the mother or father of a new baby, a member of the family or a close friend you are sharing in a major life event and taking a serious interest in choosing a special babyname from one of the many of the selection that are available.
		Dutch first name's vary immensely due to the use of interchangeable letters.
		Dutch children's names often end with the suffix 'je', 'tje', 'ie' and 'ke'.
	www.babynames.org.uk /dutch-baby-names.htm (749 words)

	Genealogy Resources on the Internet - Nobility/Heads of State/Heraldry Mailing Lists
		HERBARZ (Polish and Lithuanian heraldry, history of armorial clans, and genealogy of noble families)
		A mailing list for the discussion of Polish and Lithuanian heraldry, the history of the armorial clans, and the genealogy of noble families.
		A mailing list for anyone with a genealogical, cultural or historical interest in European nobility during the Middle Ages, generally regarded as extending from the fall of Rome in 476 to about 1500 with the discovery of the Americas.
	www.rootsweb.com /~jfuller/gen_mail_nobility.html (1815 words)

	William_I_of_Orange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Unhappy with the lack of political power for the local nobility and the Spanish persecution of Dutch Protestants, William joined the Dutch uprising and turned against his former masters.
		In the Netherlands, he is also known as the ''Vader des vaderlands'', "Father of the fatherland", and the Dutch national anthem, the Wilhelmus, was written in his honour.
		Image:Netherlands_flag_prince.pngframedrightThe so-called ''Prinsenvlag'' (Prince's flag), based on the colours in the [[coat of arms of William of Orange was used by the Dutch rebels, and forms the basis of the current flag of the Netherlands.]]
	copernicus.subdomain.de /William_I_of_Orange (3562 words)

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