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Topic: Dutch Revolt

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	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Dutch Economy in the "Golden Age" (16th-17th Centuries)
		The Dutch, who were already active in the North Sea as a result of the herring fishery, began to compete with the German Hanseatic League for Baltic markets by exporting their herring catches, salt, wine, and cloth in exchange for Baltic grain.
		Dutch merchants involved in the Guinea trade ignored the slave trade that was firmly in the hands of the Portuguese in favor of the rich trade in gold, ivory, and sugar from São Tomé.
		Dutch shippers in the Americas soon found raiding (directed at the Spanish and Portuguese) to be their most profitable activity until the Company was able to establish forts in Brazil again in the 1630s and begin sugar cultivation.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/Harreld.Dutch (4405 words)

	dreamdust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The propaganda arriving in the Netherlands from the Dutch exiles was as much an attempt to turn favour from Alva and Philip II as it was to give the Dutch resolve to fight on further against the legislation being introduced by Alva that blatantly overrode their local privileges.
		"Dutch success was made possible by the almost miraculous economic development of the country" as while resisting the actions of the Spanish and the Tenth Penny Tax, the Dutch worked on strengthening other parts of their land and recovering from weaknesses in their trade.
		The Dutch attempted to bring an end to the revolt by forming the Pacification of Ghent in 1576, which united the Dutch rebel and obedient provinces against the common enemy of the mutineers.
	www.dreamdust.co.uk /work/outcome.html (1993 words)

	Eighty Years' War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Eighty Years' War, or Dutch Revolt, was the war of secession between the Netherlands and the Spanish king, that lasted from 1568 to 1648.
		Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, was born in Ghent in 1500, and raised in the County of Flanders.
		Dutch nobles also objected to the limiting of their powers in favor of those of civil servants in Brussels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eighty_Years'_War (1917 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Dutch successes owed not only to his tactical skill but also to the financial burden Spain incurred replacing ships lost in the disastrous campaign of the Spanish Armada in 1588, and the need to refit its navy to recover control of the sea after the subsequent English counter attack.
		The Dutch revolt against their lawful king, most obviously illustrated in the oath of abjuration (1581), implied that a king could be disposed by the population if there was agreement that he did not fulfill his God given responsibility and thus challenged the concept of a divine right of kings.
		Thus the Dutch rebellion can be seen as a precursor of the English Civil War (1642-1651) and the French Revolution (1789-1799), where monarchs with power based on their divine right were disposed of.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Eighty_Years'_War (5993 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Dutch Republic was born out of resistance to the Spanish monarchy of Philip II; Calvinist Huguenot religion as well as political theory formed the basis for the revolt movement.
		Thereafter when the revolt gained ground the Reformed church claimed a central place in the newly-formed society by virtue of the undeniably central role it had played in the success of the revolt and the formation of the new nation.
		The representatives of Philip II alternated with the William Prince of Orange, the leader of the revolt, in the favor of the estates, depending on the mood of the moment.
	www.wordbridge.net /ccsp/res06.htm (2376 words)

	NU 2155 -- The Dutch Miracle
		The Dutch revolt was disastrous for Antwerp which became a prize of war.
		Dutch society was, in fact, one where everyone was a commoner, and the very wealthy "regents" were in touch with the middle class and could not ignore their political opinions.
		Finally, the Dutch developed their own hereditary aristocracy, as the "regents" became an established ruling class not so interested in innovation as they were in using their wealth to ape "real" aristocrats abroad.
	www.nipissingu.ca /department/history/muhlberger/2155/dutch.htm (1601 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Netherlands - The Dutch Revolt, 1572-1609
		By 1600 the Dutch had cleared the area north of the Rhine from the Spanish; the military situation was a stalemate, Spain controlling the southern Netherlands, the Dutch the North.
		As commander of the Dutch army, Maurice took a number of Spanish-held fortresses by siege : Nijmegen and Zutphen, 1591; Steenwijk and Coevorden, 1592; Groningen, 1594; Oldenzaal, Enschede and Grol, 1597, thus clearing the stretch to the north of the Rhine from Spanish troops.
		Chronology of the Dutch Revolt, from Ons Verleden (in Dutch)
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/lowcountries/dutchrevolt.html (1676 words)

	Eighty Years' War information - Search.com
		The Eighty Years' War, or Dutch Revolt, was the war of secession between the Netherlands and the Spanish king, that lasted from 1568 to 1648.
		Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, was born in Ghent in 1500, and raised in the County of Flanders.
		Dutch nobles also objected to the limiting of their powers in favor of those of civil servants in Brussels.
	www.search.com /reference/Eighty_Years (1980 words)

	Dutch Forest Products' Trade in the Baltic: Trade until 1585
		The Dutch revolt was a bigger threat to the tar trade, because the volume in the 1560s was not reached in the later part of this period.
		The Dutch loss in 1569 was probably partly caused by the fact that some Dutch shippers flew to Eastern Friesland, which was the neighbouring region in the German side of the border.
		Waynscot had a different story, because the highest quantities were shipped in the years before the Dutch revolt and the outburst of war severely harassed the trade and the yearly quantity of waynscot from 1569 to 1585 was less than one third of the average volume of the previous years.
	www.cc.jyu.fi /~jojuto/df_1585.html (6471 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		London, 1993.}{\f1\insrsid9903705 \par }{\f1\insrsid4015615 Hibben, C. }{\i\f1\insrsid4015615 Gouda in revolt particularism and pacifism in the revolt of the Netherlands 1572-1588.}{\f1\insrsid4015615 298 p vols.
		"Spain and the Dutch Sephardim, 1609-1660." }{\i\f1\insrsid4015615 Studia Rosenthaliana }{\f1\insrsid4015615 12 (1978): 1-61.
		\par Janssen, A. "A 'Trais Historica' on the Revolt of the Netherlands: Emanuel van Meteren, Pieter Bor and Everhard van Reyd as Exponents of Contemporary Historiography." In }{\i\f1\insrsid4015615 Britain and the Netherlands,}{\f1\insrsid4015615 A.C. Duke and C.A. Tamse, 9-30.
	www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk /~ucrabjk/bibliog_in_english.rtf (13281 words)

	WHKMLA : Dutch Revolt, (1566) 1579-1648
		In 1584, William the Silent, the personification of the revolt, was assassinated.
		Spain was on the defensive, mainly because of the inability to continue financing an offensive war (and because they had wasted too much resources on the attempted invasion of England (Spanish Armada 1588) and in expeditions on Paris to break the siege of that city.
		In 1598, Cornelis Houtman was the first Dutch Captain to sail the Indian Ocean; the Dutch, carrying the war overseas, began to conquer key parts of the Portuguese Colonial Empire.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/dutchrevolt.html (1935 words)

	COMMENTS
		Dutch frugal, penny-pinching capitalism was driven more by the Protestant theology of predestination, in which people long for a sign of election through being economically succesfull, then by imitation of entrepreneurial Jews.
		The dutch mercenaries (huurlingen) are of course stuck in mainly the same situation as for instance the americans are.
		Dutch rules of combat in a built up area specifically rule out such 'excessive force' tactics: they have to go in with rifles and side arms and that takes courage.
	www.eurosavant.com /comments.php?id=450_0_1_0_C (2290 words)

	Europe in the Age of the Reformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In response, a Dutch noble named Brederode brought one hundred and fifty of his own men into the city, where they were welcomed as liberators.
		This was the clearest evidence possible that the revolt was deep-seated among the people themselves and not the result (as Catholic propaganda had it) of Orange's unseemly ambitions.
		The Dutch could never win permanently on land, yet so long as they controlled the sea, their strongholds were invulnerable to Spain.
	www.idbsu.edu /courses/reformation/netherlands/revolt.shtml (7150 words)

	History Department \| UNC Charlotte
		Revolts in the Netherlands and England, and the Civil Wars in France were all part of the confusion of the day.
		This fueled the revolt against Spain, and the conflict eventually became one of religion.
		Similar to the Revolt of the Netherlands is the English Revolution.
	www.history.uncc.edu /question.htm (2005 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty -- Netherlands
		The modern Dutch Kingdom was created after the Napoleonic wars, but House of Orange and the independent Dutch Republic played a major role in the Reformation and the dynastic wars of the 16th-18th centuries.
		The revolt was in reaction to the restrictions on religious freedom and the absolute rule of Phillip.
		The revolt was led by Prince William I of Orange, the founder of the modern Netherlnds.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/net/royal-neth.htm (2587 words)

	The Dutch Privateers: Sea Beggars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The political disaffection between the Netherlands and Spain coincided with the Protestant revolt against the Roman Catholic church, which was the state church of Spain.
		Calvinism, a Protestant movement, rapidly gained ground during this period; its adherents established in the Netherlands a well-organized church that was prepared to challenge the Roman Catholic church, particularly the Inquisition, a church institution that sought to control heresy.
		A fleet of their ships was defeated by a Spanish fleet on the 8th of May. Most of the ports and towns on the coast of the Dutch Republic who had declared their alliance to the forces of Oranje in 1572 (after the succesfull attack on Den Briel) were also retaken by Spanish forces.
	privateer.omena.org /privateerdutch.htm (1940 words)

	Europe in the Age of the Reformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The influence of Erasmus (who was Dutch) was international, but he reflected a certain tradition of Christian humanism that did exist and was sympathetic to the criticisms of the reformers.
		The Dutch Revolt was significant for our period first and foremost because it resulted in a political entity that claimed the right to govern itself.
		The Dutch model would be referred to in the later 17th and 18th centuries by other peoples looking to establish their independence.
	www.boisestate.edu /courses/reformation/netherlands/revolt.shtml (7560 words)

	Dutch Troops Revolt In Iraq?
		Dutch troops sent to Iraq get extra payments in two forms: 39 euros per day for what the article terms the "extra workload" - taxable - and 27 dollars (yes, US dollars) per day, untaxed, for expenses.
		But those 39 "workload" euros won't really cut either, and the clue here is to be found precisely in that label: it's no longer really a matter of "workload" for Dutch troops in Iraq, but rather of being shot at rather often and on rare occasions (so far, thank God) even being killed.
		Putting the problem into stark relief is the fact alleged several times in the article that Dutch troops actually earn more extra money going on training to Germany or Norway than they do being sent to the rather hostile current environs of Iraq.
	www.rense.com /general61/DUTCH.HTM (507 words)

	[Jarrell-L] Indian ancestry/Black Dutch/Black Irish/ Melungeon
		Dutch Reformed congregations in New York and Holland provided financial and spiritual assistance to the early German Reformed congregations in Pennsylvania due to their shared spiritual beliefs.
		Dutch ministers, who were also fluent in German, preached to the early PA German settlers in order to insure the Reformed faith was nurtured and grew in the early settlements until such time as the German Reformed Church was solidly established.
		The Dutch refer to themselves as "Nederlanders, Dutch or Hollander" and their country as "Nederland" since Holland is actually a province or state.
	solaris.cc.vt.edu /pipermail/jarrell-l/2002-September/008900.html (4353 words)

	[No title]
		The aim of this module is to enable students to achieve a detailed understanding of the social, political and cultural foundations of the remarkable success of the Dutch Republic in the century and a half after the beginning of the provinces' revolt against their Hapsburg rulers.
		Topics dealt with will include the Dutch Revolt, urban culture, social policy, the constitution, state finance, popular culture, science and philosophy, the religious settlement, the visual arts, trade and merchants, Dutch political thought, the Dutch overseas empire, foreign policy and relations with England.
		Their ability to engage critically with the existing secondary literature, with a clear sense of how broader assumptions of historical and cultural change may shape the form and content of historians arguments a broad understanding of the history of the Netherlands to engage in an informed and critical way with current debates about the historical.
	www.shef.ac.uk /sheffield/jsp/polopoly.jsp?a=8368&d=451&origdept=626 (453 words)

	Dutch war and politics
		The Dutch Revolt had begun in 1572; after thirty years of intermittent warfare, both Spain and the Netherlands were running out of resources.
		The Arminian leaders Simon Episcopius (1583-1643) and Johan Uytenbogaert (1557-1644) had asked in their Remonstrance that the official doctrine of the Dutch Reformed Church (The Netherlands Confession) should be altered to accommodate Arminian beliefs.
		A growing Dutch peace movement in the 1640's finally overrode Orangist hawkish objections and concluded peace with Spain at Münster (January 1648).
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-083.htm (1390 words)

	Early modern Europe -- The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt, 1555-1590 by Martin van Gelderen Canadian Journal of ...
		Religion always remained a motivating force in the Dutch Revolt, but as the Revolt progressed there was a growing trend to justify the resistance against Phillip II on constitutional and political grounds rather than on religious ones.
		The successful revolt of the northern provinces of the Netherlands led to a growing debate, from the 1570s onward, about the form of government for the newly emerging state, and underlying this discussion was the general consensus that the primary purpose of government is to promote civic virtue and the common good.
		Another question that had to be faced by the Dutch Republic was that of the relationship between church and state, as well as the matter of religious toleration and freedom of conscience.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_199408/ai_n8718124 (947 words)

	[No title]
		In the beginners’ course of Dutch special attention is paid to the oral skills in everyday situations, such as: social interaction, conversational conventions, reporting concrete events, giving one's opinion, understanding simple spoken and written language, a global understanding of longer written and spoken texts.
		The lecture series on Dutch Culture and Society is a new course meant not only for foreign students, but also for visiting faculty members or employees of international companies.
		In consultation with the coordinator of the Dutch Studies programme it is possible to select optional courses instead of one of the regular courses of the Dutch Studies programme.
	odur.let.rug.nl /intstud/dutchst.htm (1743 words)

	Collected Precedents of the S.C.A.: Dutch / Flemish
		The byname appears to combine elements of two distinct locative bynames used in Flanders: the Dutch van der Brugghe 'of/from the bridge' and the French de Bruges 'of/from Bruges.' The completely Dutch form of the latter would be van Brugge.
		Pre-1100 Dutch and Old Norse were ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the registration of Aldgudana Gunnarsdóttir in the LoAR of November 2001.
		Dutch bynames in period matched the gender of the given name.
	www.sca.org /heraldry/laurel/precedents/CompiledNamePrecedents/DutchFlemish.html (2263 words)

	Dutch Studies (University of Hull)
		Brief Description of Aims and Content: This module concentrates on the main movements in Dutch and Flemish literature and art in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (romanticism, naturalism, impressionism, modernism), together with the close reading of a number of texts (poems, prose excerpts, novels) from that period.
		Menuet is a formally sophisticated story by one of the great innovators in Dutch literature, which poignantly describes the basic isolation of three people, a man, his wife and their you maid...
		It concentrates on key periods in the development of the modern Benelux countries, such as the Burgundian period, the Dutch Revolt, the Belgian Revolt of 1830 and the emergence of the Benelux and EC.
	www.hull.ac.uk /dutch/modules.htm (2763 words)

	2006-2007 Course Register
		A first semester language course covering the core Dutch grammar and vocabulary with the goal of providing the corner stone for developing overall linguistic proficiency in Dutch.
		Emphasis on the "Golden Age" of painting traditions of Holland and Flanders the outset of the Dutch Revolt in the 1560s to the French invasions around 1670.
		A first semester Dutch language course covering the core Dutch grammar and vocabulary with the goal of providing the corner stone for developing overall linguistic proficiency in Dutch.
	www.upenn.edu /registrar/register/dtch.html (521 words)

	The Spanish Netherlands
		By 1577, Dutch Protestants led by William of Orange governed virtually all the Netherlands, and demanded freedom of worship.
		The English and Dutch gained new confidence in attacking the Spanish at sea around the world.
		As French successes brought them nearer to Holland, Dutch 'stadholder' protestant prince William of Orange rallied the Dutch army and beat them back.
	www.theotherside.co.uk /tm-heritage/background/flanders.htm (1860 words)

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