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Topic: Dutch Golden Age

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	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Dutch Economy in the "Golden Age" (16th-17th Centuries)
		That the Dutch referred to the Baltic trade as their "mother trade" is not surprising given the importance Baltic markets continued to hold for Dutch commerce throughout the Golden Age.
		Dutch merchants involved in the Guinea trade ignored the slave trade that was firmly in the hands of the Portuguese in favor of the rich trade in gold, ivory, and sugar from São Tomé.
		Dutch shippers in the Americas soon found raiding (directed at the Spanish and Portuguese) to be their most profitable activity until the Company was able to establish forts in Brazil again in the 1630s and begin sugar cultivation.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/Harreld.Dutch (4405 words)

	Matters of Taste: Foodways of the Dutch Golden Age
		In addition to providing Netherlanders with a plentiful and varied selection of foodstuffs during the Golden Age, the rich trade economy was also largely responsible for the nation’s notable prosperity during this period.
		Towards the end of the Middle Ages, a third meal—breakfast—became increasingly common; as resources grew especially plentiful during the prosperous Golden Age, yet a fourth meal could be added to the daily regimen.
		Golden Age horticultural innovations led to the introduction of cauliflower and the variety of short, orange Horn carrot commonly enjoyed in the United States today, while improvements in cultivation methods brought about increased yields of these and other vegetables.
	www.albanyinstitute.org /Education/archive/dutch/dutch.foodways.htm (1968 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Dutch Economy in the "Golden Age" (16th-17th Centuries)
		That the Dutch referred to the Baltic trade as their "mother trade" is not surprising given the importance Baltic markets continued to hold for Dutch commerce throughout the Golden Age.
		Dutch merchants involved in the Guinea trade ignored the slave trade that was firmly in the hands of the Portuguese in favor of the rich trade in gold, ivory, and sugar from São Tomé.
		Dutch shippers in the Americas soon found raiding (directed at the Spanish and Portuguese) to be their most profitable activity until the Company was able to establish forts in Brazil again in the 1630s and begin sugar cultivation.
	www.eh.net /encyclopedia/article/Harreld.Dutch (4405 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Netherlands : Golden Age, 1609-1650
		The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic : 1609-1648
		The Dutch Republic was a federation of 7 provinces - Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, Groningen, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel.
		This is one of the causes for the frequent confusion of Holland and the (northern) Netherlands.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/lowcountries/goldenage.html (1403 words)

	List of people from the Dutch Golden Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dutch Golden Age was a period in Dutch history, roughly equivalent to the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science and art were top ranking in the world.
		Anton van Leeuwenhoek who invented or greatly improved the microscope (opinions differ) and was the first to methodically study microscopic life, thus laying the foundations for the field of cell biology.
		Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (September 14, 1547–May 13, 1619) was a Dutch statesman, who played an important role in the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_people_from_the_Dutch_Golden_Age (1146 words)

	[No title]
		The MA in the Dutch Golden Age is designed to give students a thorough understanding of the history and culture of the Netherlands in the early modern period, focusing on the Dutch Republic during its seventeenth-century efflorescence.
		Prior knowledge of the Dutch language is not required; depending on their linguistic skills, students will be placed in one of three language/literature courses and trained in the reading of Dutch texts.
		Subject to the approval of the Dutch Golden Age programme tutor, students may be permitted to take a different course from the Courtauld Institute’s MA programme in Art History.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /history/admissions/maadmiss/dutchgoldenage.doc (1040 words)

	NC Museum of Art - Art in the Age of Rubens and Rembrandt
		This critical reassessment of the Dutch master explores his deft combination of entertaining images and instructive messages, his facility with typical Dutch subjects, and his considerable innovation with religious and allegorical scenes.
		Masterpieces of Flemish Art and the Dutch Golden Age fill the galleries of the North Carolina Museum of Art during the four-exhibition festival Art in the Age of Rubens and Rembrandt through Jan. 5, 2003.
		Headlining the festival is Jan Miense Molenaer: Painter of the Dutch Golden Age, the first exhibition ever devoted to the Dutch master's career.
	ncartmuseum.org /exhibitions/exhibitions/rubens/rubens.shtml (1259 words)

	World and I Magazine - The Golden Age of Dutch Art
		The Glory of the Golden Age is a homecoming of phenomenal breadth and range that reminds us once again of the unique accomplishments of this tiny country.
		The Dutch were more favorably inclined toward paintings of landscapes and simple scenes of everyday life, and the acquisitive urge--reflected in Oliver Cromwell's description of the Dutch as people who "prefer gain to Godliness"--infected the whole of society.
		The Glory of the Golden Age opened in April and closed in late September, but about half the works in the exhibition are in the collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/goldage/goldage.html (1560 words)

	DAI \| exhibitions
		Many Dutch painters drew inspiration from the art of Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1573-1610), the great innovator working in Rome who made chiaroscuro – the contrasting effect of light and dark – the principal means of expression in his art.
		Some Dutch artists profited not only by creating portraits commissioned by the wealthy members of society but also from paintings of country houses owned by their patrons.
		The prosperity of Dutch society in the 17th century is also seen in decorative arts objects from the Rijksmuseum collection.
	www.daytonartinstitute.org /exhibits/upcoming_rembrandt.html (620 words)

	The Social Affairs Unit - Web Review: The stories behind the portraits of the Dutch Golden Age bring these paintings ...
		Dutch Portraits: The Age of Rembrandt and Frans Hals
		The Dutch Golden Age is a fascinating moment for this branch of history.
		At the age of one, she had just parted company from her wet-nurse, her primary carer, the first strong attachment in her short life.
	www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk /blog/archives/001534.php (1969 words)

	Golden Age of Dutch Art
		Dutch painting of the Golden Age (from the first years of the seventeenth-century to the last of the same century) has enjoyed enormous popularity from its birth to the present day.
		The Dutch were exceptionally literate since reading was important in a Protestant society which maintained that the individual must pursue the Bible by himself.
		Dutch painters have monumentalized it in their art, the most humble household of the poor and the most elegant dwellings of the well-to-do were both treated with respect and human participation and sometimes with warm humor.
	essentialvermeer.20m.com /dutch-painters/dutch_art/the_golden_age_of_dutch_art.htm (766 words)

	The Dutch Golden Age - ICG
		The Golden Age is conceived as a 'long' seventeenth century, i.e.
		the period in which the Dutch Republic played a prominent role in Europe and the world culturally, politically and economically (ca.1588-1702); but it also includes the making of the Golden Age during the second half of the sixteenth century (the Revolt of the Netherlands, the Renaissance in literature and the arts).
		Dutch culture and history will be studied in an international context and in an interdisciplinary setting.
	www.hum.uva.nl /ich/object.cfm/objectID=F98F2A75-E985-4AC8-89B38C1B7A5C9A4C (144 words)

	PREVIEW: Looking at Rembrandt
		However, the glow would tragically fade, or rather become the hectic flush of tuberculosis on Saskia's cheeks: In 1642 she died at the age of 30, and was buried in the plain cloth shroud prescribed by Calvinist law.
		Behind him, bathed in pale golden light, a pair of scimitars hangs from a roof beam, and one is reminded that Paul was beheaded for allegiance to the faith.
		As the great Dutch historian Johan Huizinga wrote in Dutch Civilization in the Seventeenth Century (1941), Rembrandt's predilection for biblical subjects lay outside the common run of the national art at that time, which dwelt on homely faces in homely places, upstanding burghers and picturesque peasantry in the settings of ordinary life.
	www.weeklystandard.com /Utilities/printer_preview.asp?idArticle=13078&R=EF2024F3B (2118 words)

	Dutch Drawings of the Golden Age (Getty Exhibitions)
		During the period known as the Golden Age of Dutch Art, a tremendous increase in artistic activity coincided with momentous changes in Dutch political and economic life.
		This exhibition shows Dutch artists looking at their own landscape and people for inspiration in a period in which their drawings were increasingly valued as independent works of art.
		This Dutch landscape was executed on Japanese paper, demonstrating how artists benefited from the foreign goods that were imported to Holland with the expansion of Dutch trading routes and colonial ambitions.
	www.getty.edu /art/exhibitions/dutch_drawings (444 words)

	Essential Vermeer
		Dutch pronunciation of 55 masters of the Golden age of Dutch painting
		A Woman Preparing Bread and Butter for a Boy was executed by the Dutch painter Pieter de Hooch (1629-1684) between 1661 and 1663.
		Dutch concepts of domesticity and child rearing and ties it to social and cultural developments in the Netherlands during the second half of the seventeenth century.
	essentialvermeer.20m.com (1376 words)

	Bookshop of Dutch Painters of the Bookshop of Dutch Painters
		Bookshop of Dutch Painters of the Bookshop of Dutch Painters
		The caress of fabrics, the sheen of metal, the brittle luminosity of glass--Dutch genre painters of the Golden Age were so skilled at mimicking the appearance of things that their largely imaginary domestic scenes are utterly convincing pictures of life as it was once lived.
		Looking at Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art, which includes classic essays as well as contributions especially written for this volume, provides a timely survey of the principal interpretative methods and debates, from their origins in the 1960s to current manifestations, while suggesting potential avenues of inquiry for the future.
	essentialvermeer.20m.com /books/books_dutch_art.htm (3849 words)

	ipedia.com: Dutch Golden Age Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Many of Dutch greatest painters were inspired and influenced, as least during their formative years, by Italian paintings.
		Many genre paintings, which seemingly only depicted everyday life, actually illustrated Dutch proverbs and sayings, or conveyed a moralistic message, the meaning of which is not always easy to decipher nowadays.
		The most famous Dutch painters of the 17th century were: Ferdinand Bol, Albert Cuyp, Gerard Dou, Willem Drost, Carel Fabritius, Govert Flinck, Jan van Goyen, Frans Hals, Pieter de Hooch, Pieter Pieterszoon Lastman, Jan Lievens, Nicolaes Maes, Adriaen van Ostade, Paulus Potter, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Pieter Saenredam, Jan Steen, Johannes Vermeer
	www.ipedia.com /dutch_golden_age.html (3477 words)

	Dutch gold
		And most painters during that age tended to specialize: They were portrait painters or worked up a following with their pictures of banquet tables or flowers glistening with dew.
		Landscape The Dutch Republic was one of the most urban in Europe at the time, "so there was a longing for the earth, as opposed to the manmade world around them," Loughman said.
		The didacticism of the history painting was larger in scope than the memento mori of the still life or the gentle prodding of the genre painting: It was a reminder that, like Cincinnatus of Rome or Tobias from the Bible, you had a public responsibility, and these paintings provided a model for your behavior.
	www.azcentral.com /arizonarepublic/ae/articles/0128rembrandt0128genre.html (678 words)

	Tulipmania: Money, Honor, and Knowledge in the Dutch Golden Age by Anne Goldgar, an excerpt
		The Dutch flower industry today is world-renowned, with a market share of 70 percent of the international production of flowers and 90 percent of the trade; and of these flowers tulips are by far the most important.
		Even the most authoritative Dutch accounts of tulipmania, Krelage’s 1942 book and the articles in the late 1920s and early 1930s of the renowned economic historian N. Posthumus, are based essentially on images presented in the pamphlet literature.
		In tulipmania, Dutch burghers confronted a series of issues that in any case gripped their culture: novelty, the exotic, capitalism, immigration, the growth of urban societies, and all the problems and excitement such issues raised.
	www.press.uchicago.edu /Misc/Chicago/301259.html (2565 words)

	Prints in the Dutch Golden Age: from art to shelf paper - Rijksmuseum Amsterdam - National Museum for Art and History
		The 17th century was the golden age of not only painting but of the art of Dutch printing as well.
		It is an exhibition with an innovative perspective and an unusual concept, providing a fascinating reconstruction of the use of the printed image in 17th-century daily life.
		Golden Age prints are now kept safely in boxes, but three hundred years ago they were useful objects with a decorative function.
	www.rijksmuseum.nl /tentoonstellingen/van-kunst-tot-kastpapier?lang=en (682 words)

	The Dutch Golden Age
		The 17th century is considered the “Golden Age” of Dutch sea-power.
		In 1650 The Dutch were the acknowledged masters of naval warfare, relying on superior sailing and close-quarter fighting to gain the upper-hand.
		During this period the Dutch were the foremost European shipbuilders, building ships for the United Provinces, Spain, France, Denmark, Sweden, Germany etc. The galleon 'Gouden Leeuw' shown below is a late 16th century example flying the Dutch flag, they would have built galleons like this for many other nations.
	www.ageofsail.net /aosdgalh.asp (266 words)

	Matters of Taste: Genre and Still Life Painting in the Dutch Golden Age
		These events marked the start of the Dutch Reformation, and Church property that survived initial attacks was eventually confiscated for Protestant or municipal use.
		Importantly, however, this way of viewing Golden Age genre painting often fails in that items with conflicting or unrelated associations appear in the same work.
		As with Golden Age genre paintings, Dutch still lifes of this period were—and largely still are—categorized according to their specific subject matter.
	www.albanyinstitute.org /Education/archive/dutch/dutch.painting.htm (1282 words)

	Amazon.com: Still Life and Trade in the Dutch Golden Age: Books: Julie Berger Hochstrasser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In this exhaustively researched, mostly accessible, and richly illustrated volume, Julie Berger Hochstrasser, a professor of art history at the University of Iowa, examines the relationship of Dutch still-life painting and Holland's burgeoning international trade in the seventeenth century.
		One opens a book of art criticism purporting to be a review of Dutch still life in the Golden Age in the hope that such a book might actually contain art criticism.
		Berger Hochstratter foregoes such bourgeois expectations and instead offers us her shock and horror that Dutch still lifes in the Seventeenth Century do not confess loudly the sins of the Dutch colonial expansion and the underlying exploitation of native peoples arising from such things as the spice trade.
	www.amazon.com /Still-Life-Trade-Dutch-Golden/dp/0300100388 (925 words)

	Communication Nation: The Dutch Golden Age, art markets and the Internet
		When the Dutch East India Company was established in 1602, the impact on global trade was massive -- similar to the internet's impact on trade today.
		Prior to this time, most artwork had been commissioned by the rich -- that is, by monarchs or churches, and most subject matter was either religious in nature, or served to exalt royal figures and aristocratic ideals.
		But in the Golden Age of Dutch painting, still lives and domestic scenes took their place as worthy subjects for art.
	communicationnation.blogspot.com /2006/12/dutch-golden-age-art-markets-and.html (376 words)

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