| | HIS 232: Guide to the Syllabus |
 | | Despite these differences at the very top of the pyramids of power, all governments were determined to resist the nascent urge for reform of existing institutions that were considered repressive or outmoded by the aspiring middle classes. |
| | The conservative ethos (monarchical rule, aristocratic privilege, support of the established church, respect for order and tradition) in these three powers is best represented in the person of Clemens von Metternich, the able first minister of the Austrian emperor. |
| | Although the shogun (Japan's military ruler) had been warned of U.S. concerns by the Dutch monarch, the anti-Western policy continued to be maintained while little was done to prepare the country for the confrontation to come. |
| web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/syllabus/ob4.html (7868 words) |
