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	[No title]
		A selection of articles on the European Constitution, and the referendums in France and the Netherlands.
		The referendum on the constitution became a retrospective referendum against the enlargement from fifteen to twenty-five member states.
		The practice of holding a referendum on a subject like the European constitution is suicidal.
	www.signandsight.com /features/181.html (1053 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Dutch European Constitution referendum, 2005
		On 1 June 2005 a consultative referendum was held in the Netherlands to ask whether the country should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union.
		The vote was the first national referendum in over two hundred years, and was not binding on the government, meaning that despite the electorate rejecting the Constitution it could theoretically still be ratified by the Estates-General.
		At the time of the referendum, the Netherlands' centre-right coalition government, led by Jan Peter Balkenende, was suffering a period of unpopularity as it tried to push through cuts in public spending, and there was widespread disillusion with the country's political elite.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Dutch_referendum_on_the_European_Constitution (1121 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A referendum to change Australia's status, from a commonwealth headed by the British monarch to an independent republic, was defeated in 1999.
		Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs.
		European power struggles immersed the country in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2028.html (15472 words)

	European No Campaign: News 60 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		France, another EU founding member, is expected to hold a referendum in May or June on the charter, which was drawn up with the aim of improving the running of the enlarged bloc.
		Although the Dutch referendum is non-binding, political parties representing a majority in parliament have said they would respect the result if the turnout is high enough.
		A later date was also on the table but supporters of the constitution favoured holding the vote before an EU summit mid-June to discuss the bloc's budget given that many Dutch are unhappy at being the EU's biggest per capita contributor.
	www.europeannocampaign.com /318.html (416 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004; their mission was to maintain peace and stability throughout the country.
		Between the referendum and the arrival of a multinational peacekeeping force in late September 1999, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution.
		The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; the islands were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945.
	www.phatnav.com /factbook/fields/2028.html (16146 words)

	Dutch voters reject EU constitution
		Dutch voters worried about social benefits and immigration overwhelmingly rejected the European Union constitution Wednesday in what could be a knockout blow for a charter meant to create a power rivaling the United States.
		Dutch Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende reacts to the result of the Dutch referendum on the European Union's constitution.
		Dutch voters fired a second deadly shot to the heart of the European project, rejecting the EU constitution.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2005-06/02/content_447851.htm (1159 words)

	A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --S--
		The European single currency is part of the wider EMU project, the central objective of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty.
		She for her part doubtless wished the EC to concentrate on the task of organising a transparent internal market and accepted that a degree of supranational control was indispensable to that end, little suspecting that the enhanced role of QMV would prove to be the thin end of a giant wedge.
		The Danish referendum's rejection of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 led to a protestation by the European Council that subsidiarity was a genuine principle and 'excessive centralisation' was not Europe's intention.
	www.euro-know.org /dictionary/s.html (9861 words)

	Dutch aims in amending European treaties - Government.nl
		In the wake of the referendum, Verhagen and Timmermans write, the government actively sought out the views of the public, civil society groups and politicians on Europe's future.
		The government wrote in its coalition agreement that the new constitution 'should be manifestly different from the previously rejected constitutional treaty in terms of its content, scope and name'.
		The democratic innovations in the constitutional treaty, such as citizens' initiatives and a greater role for national parliaments, can be used for this purpose.
	www.government.nl /News/Press_releases_and_news_items/2007/March/Dutch_aims_in_amending_European_treaties (561 words)

	French referendum on the European constitution: opinion polls point to defeat
		By introducing the principle that a service provider in any country of the European Union would be subject to the legal and social standards in its country of origin, this directive opens the door to the leveling down of social conditions across the continent.
		Everyone pretended not to know that by shouting from the rooftops that the Bolkestein directive had nothing to do with the European constitution—whereas it reveals its very nature—the president is desperately trying to rein in the strong feeling against the constitution recorded at the beginning of the week.
		Meeting in Brussels this week, the 25 countries of the European Union seemed to want to nudge along the French political elite, which is clearly in difficulty as the referendum approaches.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2005/apr2005/fran-a04.shtml (1502 words)

	EUROPEAN CITIZENS INITIATIVE \| A Referendum for Natural Remedies
		Luxembourg voted in support of the EU constitution by 56.52 percent to become the 13th country to ratify the charter - but the future of the document is still uncertain, the European press reports.
		Poland on Tuesday indefinitely delayed a referendum on the EU constitution, with President Aleksander Kwasniewski saying plans to hold the vote later this year were unrealistic, after the text was dealt a body blow by French and Dutch no votes.
		The Cyprus parliament is to vote on the EU constitution at a special session on June 30, Greek Cypriot party leaders decided Thursday, with the island's largest party opposed to the treaty.
	www.eu-referendum.org /english/news.html (1426 words)

	Frontline 17
		The outcome of the Dutch referendum on the European constitution is a clear stand against the neo-liberal project.
		Turnout for this first national referendum in the Netherlands was half again as high as in the last elections for the European parliament in 2004 (when less than 40% of Dutch voters went to the polls).
		The big miscalculation made by the constitution’s supporters was their assumption that overwhelming support from political and social organisations would also win over the population.
	www.redflag.org.uk /frontline/17/17eudutch.html (2348 words)

	REFERENDUM ON THE RATIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION IN SPAIN
		REFERENDUM ON THE RATIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION IN SPAIN
		The referendum on the European Constitution is the second of its kind in democratic Spain in after the one on Spain remaining in NATO in 1986 (53.09% to remain and 40.3% against).
		His logo, a hand held out to the stars of the European Union headed by the phrase « We are moving forwards with Europe » was offered to every company, administration, association and union so that they would use it on their forms, tickets and even their letters.
	www.robert-schuman.org /anglais/oee/espagne/referendum/default.htm (1441 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Once avid Europeans, the Dutch may vote 'no' on constitution referendum
		That will be the real question on June 1, when the Netherlands holds its referendum on the European constitution, just three days after a crucial vote on the charter in France.
		The constitution, a compilation of rules and procedures to make the 25-nation European Union easier to run after last year's historic expansion, has a wide range of detractors.
		The Dutch referendum is not binding, though the government has pledged to abide by a "no" vote as long as the turnout is higher than 30 percent and the outcome is clear.
	www.wwwuniontribune.com /news/world/20050524-0144-netherlands-tiredofeurope.html (825 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- 'No' expected as Dutch vote on EU constitution
		AMSTERDAM – The Dutch voted in a referendum on the European Union's constitution on Wednesday with polls showing they will join the French in decisively rejecting the treaty, deepening a crisis in the bloc.
		Sunny weather encouraged many people to cast their votes in the Netherlands' first national referendum, but there was little sign the warmth had softened opposition to the constitution in one of the bloc's six founding members.
		Many Dutch feel short-changed by the introduction of the euro and are concerned about losing clout in an EU enlarged to 25 member states.
	www.wwwuniontribune.com /news/world/20050601-1257-eu-constitution.html (764 words)

	CDA Lowers Threshold For Adopting Referendum Result (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Dutch population will vote for or against the European constitution tomorrow in an advisory referendum.
		For the Dutch referendum, the CDA still requires a 30 percent turnout as a criterion.
		It put forward the statement 'After the French no, the Dutch referendum is pointless,' with which only 10 percent of the respondents agreed and 90 percent disagreed.
	www.nisnews.nl /public/31505_1.htm (383 words)

	EU Referendum
		Only by 2001 did EU leaders feel they were at last close enough to their ultimate goal to draft a fully fledged constitution, putting the all-but final touches to the new supranational government by giving it a permanent president and foreign minister, and with the European Council acting in effect as its Cabinet.
		When, however, the French and Dutch gave the tortuous 400-page document a resounding thumbs-down, EU leaders were baffled as to what to do next - until this year they came up with their masterstroke.
		The argument that a referendum undermines parliamentary democracy or the power of parliament assumes that this power is unlimited; that Parliament or, at least, the House of Commons is sovereign.
	www.eureferendum.blogspot.com (9916 words)

	Articles - Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After sporadic visits by fishermen from the north and by European explorers and merchants starting in the 17th century, the eastern half of the continent was claimed by the British in 1770 and officially settled as the penal colony of New South Wales on 26 January 1788.
		The Dutch adjectival form Australische ("Australian," in the sense of "southern") was used by Dutch officials in Batavia to refer to the newly discovered land to the south as early as 1638.
		The final constitutional ties between Australia and Britain ended in 1986 with the passing of the Australia Act 1986, ending any British role in the Australian States, and ending judicial appeals to the UK Privy Council.
	www.centralairconditioners.net /articles/Australia (4494 words)

	Dutch Reject European Charter in Another Blow to Region's Unity - New York Times
		The referendum was not binding, but there was a consensus in Parliament that lawmakers would respect the outcome if more than 30 percent of those eligible cast a vote.
		Dutch diplomats working in Brussels said that during the drafting of the constitution, the Dutch delegation felt frustrated because most of their proposals or aspirations were ignored.
		The Dutch, including their government, have also loudly criticized France and Germany for flouting budget rules while the Netherlands and other countries were pressed to make painful cutbacks during recessions.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/06/01/international/europe/01cnd-dutch.html?ex=1275278400&en=f26996714ff8dbc4&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all (1212 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- European constitution: after French 'non,' a Dutch 'nee'?
		Unlike the French referendum which is binding, the Dutch poll is advisory, and the parliament has the final say on ratification.
		Referendums have been repeated twice before in the EU's history, most notably when Denmark reversed itself after rejecting the 1992 Maastricht Treaty that created the common currency, the euro.
		Wednesday's vote is the first national referendum the Dutch have held, and critics say the government's campaign reflected its inexperience.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20050531-1609-netherlands-eu-referendum.html (744 words)

	MinBZK.nl (uk) - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations (BZK) is one of the thirteen ministries of Dutch central government.
		The two ministers and almost 3,000 civil servants formulate policy, prepare legislation and regulations, and are also responsible for coordination, supervision and policy implementation.
		The Dutch Minister for Government Reform and Kingdom Relations, Alexander Pechtold, has made available the sum of €3.5 million a year to fund this initiative.
	www.minbzk.nl /uk/international/press_releases/referendum_date (248 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- 'No' expected as Dutch vote on EU constitution
		Sunny weather encouraged many people to cast their votes in the Netherlands' first national referendum, but there was little sign the warmth had softened opposition to the constitution in one of the bloc's six founding members.
		Many Dutch feel short-changed by the introduction of the euro and are concerned about losing clout in an EU enlarged to 25 member states.
		Dutch polling stations opened at 0530 GMT for the more than 12 million Dutch eligible to vote and will close at 1900 GMT, when a national exit poll is due.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20050601-1257-eu-constitution.html (800 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Referendum on EU constitution kicks off in Netherlands
		The Dutch referendum is different from the French one in that that it is a non-binding one and the congress will still vote on it and has the final say on the ratification.
		A poll published by the Dutch newspaper Telegraaf on Tuesday showed that 61.5 percent of Dutch voters are against the EU charter, 28.8 percent for and 9.7 percent still undecided.
		The European Commission, the EU's executive arm, refused to comment on the fate of the charter, saying only that it was waiting for the result of the Dutch referendum.
	english.people.com.cn /200506/01/eng20050601_187945.html (488 words)

	BreakingNews.ie: EU constitution in doubt after Dutch defeat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		European leaders may have to scrap the proposed EU constitution after Dutch voters rejected it by a massive margin, voicing their concern over dwindling national identity in a rapidly expanding union and increasingly powerful bureaucrats.
		The outcome of yesterday’s referendum in the Netherlands — three days after a similar vote in France — was likely to halt the European momentum, which had been welcomed by some as creating a new world power but disdained by others as smothering their cultures in a vast superstate.
		It was the first vote held in the Netherlands on the Dutch involvement with Europe, and opponents spoke of a breakthrough for European democracy.
	www.breakingnews.ie /2005/06/02/story205296.html (693 words)

	Dutch Vote on European Union Constitution
		Dutch supporters _ including the main opposition Labor Party _ say the constitution would streamline decision-making in the union and create a single foreign minister to give Europe more sway in international affairs.
		The Dutch seem not to be willing to accept anymore that Holland is #6 of the richest countries in the world, while they - after Sweden - pay the highest taxes in the world, getting less and less in return, of the 6 months a year they 'tax-work' for the 'government'.
		European and national parliaments should be consulted and the texts made public so that there can be a debate as to their content and consequences.
	www.infowars.com /articles/nwo/eu_dutch_votes_no_eu_superstate.htm (1983 words)

	Consulate General Toronto - National Referendum on the European Constitution
		A referendum on the European Constitution will be held in the Netherlands on 1 June 2005.
		Dutch nationals living abroad who have been removed from the Dutch population register and will be at least 18 years old on the day of the referendum, may, in principle, take part in the referendum.
		Up-to-date information (in Dutch) on the procedure for taking part in the referendum on the European Constitution abroad can be found on
	www.dutchconsulate.toronto.on.ca /aspx/get.aspx?xdl=/views/post/xdl/page&SitIdt=65&VarIdt=50&ItmIdt=5486 (210 words)

	Quotes on the EU, European Constitution & Referendum
		In 1997, when the EU Constitution was just a twinkle in a Europhile dinner party's eye, Tony Blair thought he was immortal and could sell the British pubic anything.
		May 2003, when the Constitution was becoming a reality, and it had become obvious that the country wouldn't swallow it.
		Dutch MP Renee van der Linden, addressing the European Parliament's constitutional affairs committee in March 2003, the week after 190 people were killed and approximately 1400 injured by the terrorists outrage at Atocha station.
	www.liebreich.com /LDC/HTML/Europe/05-Constitution.html (1118 words)

	EU Referendum: Going Dutch on the European Constitution - International - SPIEGEL ONLINE - News
		He believes that the referendum campaign has been completely mismanaged, with the constitution itself being seen as the pet project of an unpopular political elite, which is far removed from the people's real concerns.
		But arbitrary or not, referenda are being held in many member countries as a means of ratifying the constitution, which, among other things, aims to provide for EU regulations to be passed through majority voting rather than through the current consensus system, allow for an EU president and increase collective action in certain areas.
		That at least is the way things are looking in France right now -- which holds its referendum on Sunday -- where voters threaten to use the referendum as a poke in the eye for an unpopular Chirac administration, which has thrown itself whole-heartedly into the Yes camp.
	www.spiegel.de /international/0,1518,357965,00.html (1341 words)

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