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Topic: Dwarf spheroidal galaxy

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	Hubble Heritage
		The interest in low-luminosity, dwarf galaxies derives from the fact that these galaxies are a dominant population of present-day universe and galaxy clusters.
		Dwarf galaxies are thought to be the first objects to have formed, that later contributed (through merger events) to the assembling of larger systems.
		Dwarf galaxies may hold the key for a deeper understanding of the formation and evolution of bigger, Milky Way-like galaxies.
	heritage.stsci.edu /2004/31/supplemental.html (965 words)

	Universe Today - Unlocking the Secrets of Dwarf Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		New research on dwarf spheroidal galaxies by a team of astronomers at the University of Cambridge promises a real astronomical first: detection, for the first time, of the true outer limits of a galaxy.
		Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are widely believed to be the building blocks from which galaxies were formed.
		Using detailed models of the motions of stars in a galaxy containing large quantities of dark matter, the group was able to demonstrate their observations could only be understood if the galaxy was surrounded by a large halo of dark matter.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/dwarf_galaxy_secrets.html (649 words)

	Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster
		A team of astronomers has discovered a new dwarf galaxy and up to four possible star clusters in a region of the Virgo cluster of galaxies previously thought to be empty.
		Dwarf galaxies are the most numerous type of galaxy in the universe.
		(The three small red objects are background galaxies.) This is the first time that astronomers have been able to see and measure the individual stars of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy within a large galaxy cluster; such data reveal the galaxy's distance, age, structure, and chemical composition.
	cc.ysu.edu /~prdurrel/VICS/PR.html (1114 words)

	Small galaxy springs 'dark matter' surprises
		Some of the dwarf spheroidals - those in our 'Local Group' of galaxies - are close enough for astronomers to be able to trace the movements of their individual stars.
		By studying the motion of stars in some of the dwarf spheroidal galaxies, the researchers have created a picture of how the mass of each galaxy is distributed.
		In one dwarf spheroidal, found in the constellation Ursa Minor, the team found a clump of slow-moving stars near the galaxy's centre.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-07/ca-sgs072403.php (743 words)

	Dwarf Spheroidals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The term dwarf spheroidal (dSph) is applied to the twelve low luminosity dwarf elliptical galaxies that are companions to the Milky Way and to the similar systems that are companions to M31 (The Andromeda Galaxy).
		Since the individual stars in dSph galaxies can be resolved, their study will contribute to the understanding of the origin and evolution of dwarf galaxies in general.
		The existence of this latter population is revealed by, for example, the presence of carbon stars on the AGB with luminosities above that of the first giant branch tip, and by the presence of main sequence stars whose luminosities exceed that of the turnoff for an old population.
	www.astro.uu.se /~ns/review.html (434 words)

	satellite galaxy concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Andromeda II (6 facts) - Dwarf spheroidal galaxy in the Andromeda subgroup of the Local Group.
		both are members of the local group of galaxies, and in fact seem to be associated, though detached, parts of the milky way system., The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the two nearest and largest of the galaxies that orbit the milky way.
		The Magellanic Clouds lie in the southern sky and cannot be seen from the United States., Two galaxies that lie close to the milky way galaxy.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/satellitegalaxy.html (407 words)

	Galaxy Invading Milky Way; Apparently Contains Much Unseen Matter
		They were found to be in a dwarf galaxy located along the line of sight to the center of our galaxy, but on the far side of the Milky Way.
		Known as the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy -- since it is observed in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius -- it is roughly one-tenth the diameter of the Milky Way but weighs less than one-thousandth as much as the Milky Way.
		The galaxy is one of nine known nearby, or companion, dwarf spheroidal galaxies to the Milky Way.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-02/JHU-GIMW-130298.php (856 words)

	Dwarf spheroidal galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) is a term in astronomy applied to the nine low luminosity dwarf elliptical galaxies that are companions to the Milky Way and to the similar systems that are companions to the Andromeda Galaxy M31.
		Recently, as growing evidence has indicated that the vast majority of dwarf ellipticals have properties that are not at all similar to elliptical galaxies, but are closer to irregular and late-type spiral galaxies, this term has been used to refer to all of the galaxies that share the properties of those above.
		Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dwarf_spheroidal_galaxy (163 words)

	dwarf spheroidal galaxy
		Although often thought in the past to be merely large, low-density globular clusters, recent studies have shown that dSph galaxies have a more complex stellar population than that found in globulars.
		The stellar populations of dwarf spheroidals consists of two basic components: an old metal-poor population similar to that of globular clusters, and an intermediate-age population, whose ages range from one to 10 billion years.
		Thirteen dwarf spheroidals are known in the Local Group, all with masses of 10 to 100 million solar masses; nine are satellite galaxies of the Milky Way Galaxy and three are companions of the Andromeda Galaxy.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/D/dwarf_spheroidal.html (244 words)

	Fornax Dwarf
		This small and little conspicuous galaxy is an ellipsoidally shaped swarm of old stars which are at least almost all of population II, which formed about the same time as the galaxy and are similar to those in globular clusters.
		This is typical for dwarf elliptical or dwarf spheroidal galaxies, of which the Fornax Dwarf is a representative.
		Comparing, this galaxy is about 50 times larger than the largest globular clusters, but of a very much lower density; this is the reason that it is so difficult to be observed.
	www.seds.org /~spider/spider/LG/for_dw.html (335 words)

	ScienceDaily: Small Galaxy Springs 'Dark Matter' Surprises
		Galaxy formation and evolution -- The formation of galaxies is still one of the most active research areas in astrophysics; and, to some extent, this is also true for galaxy evolution.
		Galaxy -- A galaxy is a massive gravitationally bound system of stars, interstellar gas and dust, and dark matter.
		Barred spiral galaxy -- A barred spiral galaxy is a spiral galaxy with a band of bright stars emerging from the center and running across the middle of the...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/07/030725081649.htm (1880 words)

	Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy(Peg dSph, DDO 216)
		A dwarf spheroidal galaxy, discovered in 1998 in the constellation Pegasus, that is a small, newly-recognized member of the Local Group.
		Also known as Andromeda VI, because it is probably a satellite companion of the Andromeda Galaxy and the sixth such to be found, the Pegasus Dwarf is almost hidden in the glare of relatively bright foreground stars in our own Milky Way.
		The Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal was discovered in 1999 by various researchers on the Second Palomar Sky Survey.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/P/Pegasus_Dwarf.html (215 words)

	Keck Imaging of Two New M31 dSph Companions
		Dwarf galaxies are thought to serve as building blocks from which larger galaxies are assembled.
		The two galaxies described by Grebel and Guhathakurta were discovered last year by a team of astronomers in Russia and Ukraine, who named them Pegasus dwarf (Peg dSph) and Cassiopeia dwarf (Cas dSph) after their parent constellations.
		This, plus the shapes of the galaxies, led to their classification as dwarf spheroidal galaxies, said Grebel, who is now at the University of Washington in Seattle.
	www.ucolick.org /~raja/pressrel.html (1043 words)

	Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal (also known as Andromeda VI or Peg dSph for short) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy about 2.7 million light-years away in the constellation Pegasus.
		The Pegasus Dwarf is a member of the Local group of galaxies and a satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31).
		Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal is a galaxy with mainly metal-poor stellar populations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pegasus_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy (196 words)

	The Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, SagDEG
		This galaxy was immediately recognized as being the nearest known neighbor to our Milky Way, significantly closer than the Large Magellanic Cloud which was considered to be our closest companion until than.
		This dwarf galaxy is called SagDEG (for Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy), or sometimes Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy; don't confuse it with another member, SagDIG (Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy).
		These are two minor galaxies in the same constellation Sagittarius, which are of different type: The difference between these types is that dwarf irregulars still have interstellar matter and/or young stars while the dwarf elliptical have only an old yellowish stellar population.
	www.seds.org /messier/more/sagdeg.html (560 words)

	Universe Today - New Milky Way Dwarf Satellite Galaxy Discovered
		Like the Sextans dwarf, the UMa dwarf is spherical in shape (galaxy type dSph) and is in some ways similar to globular clusters which are also found in association with large spiral galaxies.
		Images from the Newton Telescope plus data from SDSS was combined to verify the nature of the study as a spheroidal galaxy and not simply a rogue globular cluster - such as the Intergalactic Wanderer (NGC 2419) in Lynx located at a similar distance in space.
		Although smaller dwarf galaxies have absolute magnitudes similar to the brightest globular clusters, one important difference between large globulars and small dwarfs lies in their size.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/dwarf_galaxy_uma.html?2832005 (1020 words)

	Tammy Smecker-Hane
		Her dissertation research involved theoretical modeling of the formation and evolution of our Galaxy, with particular emphasis on using observations of the chemical abundances of Galactic stars to gain new insight on the formation of the Galactic halo, disk and bulge.
		Determining the mass and shape of dark matter halos in elliptical galaxies by mapping the stellar velocity field, and measuring radial gradients in the ages and chemical abundances of their stars.
		"The Stellar Population of the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy: I. A New Color-Magnitude Diagram for the Giant and Horizontal Branches", Smecker-Hane, Stetson, Hesser and Lehnert, Astron.
	www.physics.uci.edu /faculty/smeckerhane.html (1040 words)

	Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy / SagDEG
		This hypothesis appears to be supported by direct and indirect observations of the destruction of dwarf galaxies in distant (and therefore ancient) reaches of the universe.
		One of nine known nearby, dwarf spheroidal companion galaxies of the Milky Way, parts of SagDEG are so close that their stars are found within the outermost regions of the Milky Way's spiral disk, as close to the galactic center as the Solar System.
		Although SagDEG and the LMC could have been part of a larger galaxy which broke up into several pieces after colliding with the Milky Way, it's unclear how such a collision could leave the two galaxies in their present configuration, where the orbital plane of one is perpendicular to that of the other.
	www.solstation.com /x-objects/sag-deg.htm (2260 words)

	Dwarf Tales: Alphabetical Abstracts List
		Almoznino, E., Brosch, N. Late-Type Dwarf Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster: I. The Samples 1998, MNRAS 298, 920 noah@stsci.edu DT2 (May 98) Almoznino, E., Brosch, N. Late-Type Dwarf Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster: II.
		B and R Photometry of Dwarf Galaxies in the M81 Group 1998, A&AS 129, 313 bremnes@astro.unibas.ch DT3 (Jul 98) Bremnes, T., Binggeli, B., Prugniel, P. Structure and Stellar Content of Dwarf Galaxies.
		Series, in press (1999) gdc@mso.anu.edu.au http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9901258 DT6 (Feb 99) Davies, J., Morshidi-Esslinger, Z., Smith, S. The Distribution of LSB Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Universe To be published in: Proceedings of the XVIIIth Moriond Astrophysics Meeting ``Dwarf Galaxies and Cosmology'', Les Arcs, March 1998, eds.
	www.astro.uni-bonn.de /~dwarfs/DTlist.html (2468 words)

	Sloan Digital Sky Survey
		Although this disk is prominent in images of galaxies similar to the Milky Way, there is also a very diffuse spherical "halo" of stars surrounding and enclosing the disks of such galaxies.
		The real distinction between the globular cluster and dwarf galaxy interpretations is that galaxies are usually accompanied by substantial quantities of dark matter, says Julianne Dalcanton, an SDSS researcher at the University of Washington.
		The prevailing 'Cold Dark Matter' model predicts that our own Milky Way galaxy is surrounded by hundreds of dark matter clumps, each a few hundred light years in size and possibly populated by a dwarf galaxy.
	www.sdss.org /news/releases/20041020.companion.html (740 words)

	The Johns Hopkins Gazette: March 2, 1998
		Known as the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy--since it is observed in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius--it is roughly one-tenth the diameter of the Milky Way but weighs less than one-thousandth as much as the Milky Way.
		The galaxy is one of several nearby dwarf galaxies that are considered to be companions to the Milky Way, said Wyse, a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy.
		Wyse said her findings indicate that, at most, 10 percent of the stars in the halo came from similar dwarf galaxies, which merged with the Milky Way over the past 8 billion years or so.
	www.jhu.edu /~gazette/janmar98/mar0298/02galaxy.html (1146 words)

	Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
		Is the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy a debris of the Large Magellanic Cloud?
		Figure 3 compares the period distribution of RR Lyrae stars in Sgr with those of all other dwarf galaxies with a known RR Lyrae population.
		Numerical simulations show that a dwarf spheroidal galaxy can not survive more than a couple of Gigayears on such a low orbit, unless the progenitor is given an uncomfortable high concentration, inconsistent with observations.
	www.obspm.fr /actual/nouvelle/feb02/cseresnjes.en.shtml (1088 words)

	The milky way
		The cluster may have formed farther out in the galaxy and migrated inwards, held together from within by the gravity of a middleweight fl hole.
		The intensities of each pixel are scaled to the number of galaxies in each pixel, with blue, green and red for bright, medium and faint galaxies (1-mag slices centred on B magnitude 18, 19 and 20).
		Slowly, the galaxy as a whole is becoming more carbon-rich; in the future, all planets formed may be carbon planets.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /blobrana/database/galaxy.html (4087 words)

	Dwarf spheroidal galaxy experiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are a completely different type of a stellar system.
		Spatial coherence (or a lack thereof) of velocities can be used to constrain models of these galaxies as being out of dynamical equilibrium, e.g.
		We thus propose an experiment similar to that described above for globular clusters, but for the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy.
	www.ess.sunysb.edu /simswg/siswg/node45.html (389 words)

	Warp factor: a spinning dwarf may have twisted our galaxy's disk - Out There Natural History - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy, so named because of its shape, size, and location in the sky, was discovered in 1994.
		That orbit brings the dwarf galaxy far too close to the huge gravitational tidal forces of the Milky Way for the dwarf to remain intact.
		Gravitational collisions between small satellite galaxies and big spiral galaxies have long been regarded as possible culprits in the warping of a larger galaxy's disk.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_3_112/ai_99818082 (996 words)

	SPACE.com -- Astronomers See Faintest Galaxy Yet
		The new galaxy is named Andromeda IX and is a dim bulb in the cosmological scheme of things.
		It is nearly twice as faint as the previous record holder: Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy.
		Andromeda IX was found as a "satellite" galaxy of M31 at a distance of 2 million light years, said Daniel Zucker of the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/aas_faintest_040531.html (449 words)

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