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	Dyirbal language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dyirbal (also Djirubal) is an ergative Australian Aboriginal language spoken in northeast Queensland by about 5 speakers.
		It is a member of the small Dyirbalic branch of the Pama-Nyngan family.
		The Dyirbal vowel system is typical of Australia, with three vowels: /i/, /a/ and /u/, though /u/ is realised as [o] in certain environments and /a/ can be realised as [e], also depending on the environment in which the phoneme appears.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dyirbal_language (575 words)

	Dyirbal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dyirbal in Assimilation Essay by Jan Wohlgemut discussing the social surroundings and grammatical change of present-day Dyirbal as compared to the language Dixon described in 1968.
		Dyirbal in der Assimilation Aufsatz über soziales Umfeld und grammatischer Wandel des derzeitigen Dyirbal, im Vergleich zu der Sprache die Dixon 1968 beschrieben hat.
		Dyirbal is an of the branch of the family.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Dyirbal.html (158 words)

	Dyirbal language
		Dyirbal is a tonal and ergative Australian Aboriginal language.
		The difference is because Dyirbal lacks the apical and laminal split found in many other Australian languages.
		The language is best known for its system of classification, similar to grammatical gender.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/d/dy/dyirbal_language.html (262 words)

	Dyirbal in Assimilation
		Dyirbal therefore is being avoided and regarded as low according to the value system obtained from the whites.
		Dyirbal (TD) has a rich system of 9 cases (nominative, ergative, instrumental, (actual) genitive 1, locative, (general) genitive 2, dative, allative, ablative) which are marked by suffixes on nouns and adjectives.
		The grammar of Dyirbal thus simplified and converted in the course of the language's decline.
	www.linguist.de /Dyirbal/dyirbal-en.htm (10014 words)

	Dyirbal language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dyirbal actually has only four places of articulation for the stop consonants and nasal consonants - this is fewer than many other Australian Aboriginelanguages, which have six.
		Sentences with a first or second person pronoun have theirverb arguments marked for case in a pattern that mimics nominative-accusative languages.
		That is, the first or second personpronoun appears in the least marked case when it is the subject (regardless of the transitivity of the verb), and in the mostmarked case when it is the direct object.
	www.therfcc.org /dyirbal-language-9672.html (236 words)

	Dyirbal language
		The Dyirbal language actually has only four places of articulation[?] for the stop consonants and nasal consonants - this is fewer than many other Australian Aborigine languages, which have six.
		This is because Dyirbal lacks the apical[?] and laminal[?] split found in many other Australian languages.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/dy/Dyirbal_language.html (66 words)

	GeoNative - Australian aboriginal languages
		Dyirbal was a language shared by several groups of Northern Queensland, south of Cairns, in the rain forests of the area.
		In 1983 there were left some 40 or 50 speakers of the "central" Dyirbal dialect, and some 30 speakers of the other varieries.
		Dyirbal izenarekin dialekto multzo zabal bat izendatzen da: talde askoren mintzairak, Queensland iparraldean, Cairns hiritik hegoaldera, inguruko oihan hezeetan.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/guugu.html (821 words)

	[No title]
		Dyirbal syntax is striking in the uniformity of its orientation toward the patient, rather than the agent, in basic transitive clauses.
		Since we have argued that the absolutive argument in Dyirbal is the grammatical subject of its clause, we must conclude that in the antipassive construction the agent replaces the patient as grammatical subject.
		Dative case in Dyirbal is normally used for oblique arguments, so the fact that the patient takes dative case in the antipassive construction suggests that it has been demoted to oblique status.
	www-lfg.stanford.edu /bresnan/128_2002/kroeger-ch11.doc (8256 words)

	right to speak language of choice (Re: DTI Policy Response)
		If I decided to communicate with someone in Dyirbal (an almost dead language of northern Queensland) I could do so (well, actually I know only a couple of sentences, and those are not very useful anyway, but let's pretend).
		The Dyirbal culture and a number of others have built in secret languages (often called "mother-in-law languages" or "avoidence languages").
		In the Dyirbal culture, a man is not supposed to speak Dyirbal in front of his mother-in-law (among others, including female cross cousin), nor should he ever speak to them.
	www.chiark.greenend.org.uk /pipermail/ukcrypto/1998-April/001726.html (777 words)

	Ngadjonji history introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The language grouping is generally given the name Dyirbal (another spelling for Jirrbal), this being the dialect that has the most surviving speakers.
		Linguistic evidence suggests that the six tribes speaking dialects of what we call Dyirbal language are all descended from a single ancestor tribe.
		The use of the name Dyirbal - which properly describes the dialect of just one tribe - as a cover term for these six closely-related dialects would be regarded by speakers of these languages as quite illicit.
	users.tpg.com.au /julhrtly/ngadjonji/History/history1.html (576 words)

	Brad Cox, Ph.D.
		An excellent example is the classification of things in the world that occurs in traditional Dyirbal, an aboriginal language of Australia.
		Whenever a Dyirbal speaker uses a non in a sentence, the noun must be preceded by a variant of one of four words: bayi, balan, balam, bala.
		Whenever a Dyirbal speaker uses a noun in a sentence, the noun must be preceded by a variant of one of four words: bayi, balan, balam, bala.These words classify all objects in the Dyirbal universe, and to speak Dyirbal correctly one must use the right classifier before each noun.
	www.virtualschool.edu /mon/SocialConstruction/LakoffWomenFireDanger.html (974 words)

	Linguistic Society of America - Fields of Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In Dyirbal, an almost extinct Australian Aboriginal language of northeast Queensland, the sentence Ngadya nginuna buran, baninyu looks very much like the English sentence.
		Indeed, the first part of the sentence, before the comma, does mean 'I saw you'.
		Dyirbal is just as strict in insisting on this interpretation as English is in insisting on the other interpretation: Both languages have strict conventions that are followed by speakers of the language; it just happens that the conventions are different in each of these two languages.
	www.lsadc.org /fields/index.php?aaa=diversity.htm (627 words)

	Case: Interaction between Syntax and Discourse Grammar
		The only way to interpret this fact is to say that Dyirbal has both ergative and accusative Case marking, in addition to Caseless (nominative/absolutive) nominals.
		The alleged typological generalization concerning agreement is not true; Dyirbal, for example, has no agreement, yet it displays exactly this kind of split.
		The fact that the form derives historically from an ancestral ergative is, of course, just as irrelevant to the synchronic analysis of Dyirbal as the fact that most of the English accusative pronouns derive from Old English datives is to the synchronic analysis of English.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /LFG/3/falk.html (4528 words)

	Robert Van Valin, Jr. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Robert Van Valin is the principal writer behind Role andReference Grammar, a functional theory of grammar encompassing syntax, semantics and discourse pragmatics, which is connectedto other functional theories, like S. Dik's Functional Grammar, and also to the cognitive linguistics field pioneered by Langacker.
		His 1997 monograph 'Syntax: structure, meaning and function' is an attempt toprovide a method for syntactic analysis which is just as relevant for languages like Dyirbal and Lakhota as it is for more commonly studied Indo-European languages.
		Instead of positing a rich innate and universalsyntactic structure (see Universal Grammar), Van Valin suggeststhat the only truly universal parts of a sentence are its nucleus, generally a predicating element such as a verb or adjective, and the arguments, normally noun phrases, that the nucleus requires.
	www.therfcc.org /robert-van-valin%2C-jr.-4391.html (158 words)

	Dyirbal in der Assimilation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dyirbal in Assimilation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (Department of General Linguistics) Hauptseminar: Grammatiken außerindoeuropäischer Sprachen - Dyirbal Prof.
		General remarks on Dyirbal 2.1 The Language 2.2 The Language Death of Dyirbal 3.
		The dyirbal, jirrbal, dyirubal, assimilation, englisch, english, Dixon, Herbermann, Schmidt, Nettle, Romaine, Yallop, Crystal, australia, australian, language death, fall of a language, language shift, pidgin, linguistics, language, phonology, morphology
	www.webverzeichnis.de /info967605_12646657.html (230 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Dyirbal language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Dyirbal language; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Dyirbal_language (707 words)

	Linguistics Research Specialities: Introduction to Role and Reference Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dixon's grammar of Dyirbal and Schachter and Otanes' grammar of Tagalog had been published in 1972, and the implications of these languages for linguistic theories were just being recognized.
		English, Dyirbal, Malagasy, Sama and Icelandic all have pragmatic pivots in their grammatical system, whereas Lakhota, Warlpiri, Zapotec and Tongan do not.
		One of the major themes in RRG work is the important role that discourse-pragmatics plays in grammar, and the many ways in which discourse-pragmatics may affect grammatical processes is summarized in Figure 17.
	wings.buffalo.edu /linguistics/research/rrg/rrg_paper.html (5438 words)

	CNN.com - Books - Review: Lingua fade-out - September 14, 2000
		In the dying Australian language Dyirbal, for instance, there are four categories for nouns, which reveal subtle shared similarities among the words, as well as cultural judgments about the objects to which they refer.
		Nettle and Romaine, instead, make a good showing at demonstrating that there are questions of better and worse regarding language: A language, or a language group, can and often will be superior to all others in its own natural and social environment.
		But there's still a long way to go to prove that the noun classes in Dyirbal, for example, make any difference in its speakers' consciousness -- in the way they think about fish or anything else.
	www.cnn.com /2000/books/reviews/09/14/salon.review.languages/index.html (1108 words)

	Science Social Sciences Linguistics Languages Natural Australian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Declarative Intonation of Dyirbal - Acoustic study of intonation in Dyirbal, an almost extinct Australian language.
		Dyirbal in Assimilation - Essay by Jan Wohlgemut discussing the social surroundings and grammatical change of present-day Dyirbal as compared to the language Dixon described in 1968.
		Experiences with Kirrkirr - Paper discussing what is desirable or necessary database technology to develop browsing interfaces to lexical databases for indigenous languages based on experiences developing such for the Kirrkirr language.
	www.iper1.com /iper1-odp/scat/id/Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/Australian (700 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 84029228
		In 1972 when R. Dixon's classic grammar, The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland, was published, under thirty speakers of the 'traditional' language remained.
		In this impressive empirical survey, Annette Schmidt analyses the changes that have taken place in the Dyirbal spoken by that last generation of its speakers at the levels of phonology, morphology, syntax, the lexicon and semantics.
		She also provides a detailed account of the socio-linguistic setting of the community and the attitudes towards Dyirbal among younger speakers, their elders and English speakers.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam031/84029228.html (161 words)

	Dyirbal in Assimilation
		Dyirbal in assimilation — Dyirbal in der Assimilation
		Soziales Umfeld und grammatischer Wandel des derzeitigen Dyirbal
		Social surroundings and grammatical change of present-day Dyirbal
	www.linguist.de /Dyirbal/index.htm (78 words)

	National Native Title Tribunal: : Mamu People (QC01/15) - 24 February 2003
		Dixon, R.M.W. The Dyirbal language of north Queensland, Cambridge University Press, London.
		Dixon, R.M.W. 1984, 'Dyirbal song types: a preliminary report', in J.C. Kassler and J. Stubington (eds.), Problems and solutions: occasional essays in musicology presented to Alice M. Moyle, Hale and Iremonger, Sydney, pp.
		Dixon, R.M.W. 1991, 'A changing language situation: The decline of Dyirbal, 1963-1989', Language in Society, vol.
	www.nntt.gov.au /cgi-bin/text_only/text_only.pl?conf=conf.xml&file=/bibliography/1046063848_1712.html (650 words)

	MA Archives: The Implications of Anthologising Everyday Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The example of Dyirbal, an almost extinct language, raises many interesting dilemmas for someone wishing to provide the ultimate anthology of the every day.
		Further analysis, aided by an understanding of the culture from which the language comes reveals the categories not to be based upon common western models of fixed attributes observed or assigned to a thing, but by a method outlined in this paper James, Intentionality and Analysis by Henry Jackman http://www.yorku.ca/hjackman/online.html.
		However, scientific process is subject to the same fallibility as Dyirbal, namely, the human mind.
	www.crimblecrumble.com /mt-static/sketchbook/archives/000005.html (1790 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.1065: Antipassive and Reflexive
		But the languages which have separate explicit verbal morphology for reflexives and antipassives are, including sources: * Dyirbal (around Cairns) marks antipassive with -ngay-.
		Dixon (1972) The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland (Cambridge: CUP) * Warungu (west of Dyirbal, not closely related) has antipassive -gali- and reflexive -li-.
		The Warungu and Kalkatungu antipassive forms given above are probably reflexes of this also, but the Dyirbal form definitely isn't (although, interestingly, it is cognate with an applicative form in nearby Yidiny (Dixon 1977).
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/6/6-1065.html (567 words)

	Dyirbal language
		You can click on this message to see their list of those items.
		Essay by Jan Wohlgemut discussing the social surroundings and grammatical change of present-day Dyirbal as compared to the language Dixon described in 1968.
		Acoustic study of intonation in Dyirbal, an almost extinct Australian language.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Djirubal_language (833 words)

	rainforest australian aboriginal community learning experience: Learning Conference 2000 - RMIT University, Melbourne ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Learning experiences offered by Ernie Grant and the Dyirbal people who have inhabited the rainforest country near Tully, 150 kilometres south of Cairns in Australia's Tropical North Queensland, since time immemorial.
		Spend four days exploring the area and learning the ancient wisdoms of one of Australia's indigenous peoples, living on the edge of a tropical rainforest - environmental, spiritual and cultural wisdoms.
		There will also be an opportunity to visit the Great Barrier reef during your time in Cairns before or after the Indigenous Learning Experience (to be arranged through the Cairns hotel, and at your own expense).
	2003.learningconference.com /Other-Conferences/LearningConferenceArchive/2000/12cairns.html (376 words)

	The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dyirbal texts are available in the categories below.
		The numbers in parenthesis indicate how many versions of each text type are currently in the archive.
		Send a message to a language specialist or native speaker who might be able to review or contribute materials.
	www.rosettaproject.org /live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=DBL (99 words)

	LINGUIST List 10.1331: Universal Word Order (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The transitive ergative sentence is then, as you point out, the unmarked sentence in Dyirbal, both discoursewise and morphologically.
		So Dyirbal is probably not insightfully classed as OSV.
		We know there are many languages in which it is not only possible but common to have subjectless sentences.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/10/10-1331.html (257 words)

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