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Topic: Dynamic random access memory

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SDRAM

Fast Page Mode DRAM

Static random access memory

Volatile memory

Random access memory

Extended memory

DDR SDRAM

Random access memory

CPU cache

RDRAM

NRAM

WRAM

CPU architecture

DIMM

Computer storage

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	Dynamic random access memory
		DRAM is a type of random access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor.
		Internally, the DRAM connects the selected row to a bank of amplifiers called sense amplifiers, which read the contents of all the capacitors in the row.
		To write data to the DRAM, the control logic uses the same two-step addressing method, but instead of reading the data from the chip at the end of the operation, it provides data to the chip at the start of the operation.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/dr/DRAM.html (1261 words)

	Dynamic random access memory - Patent 6544850
		A DRAM includes a semiconductive chip, generally of silicon, in which are formed the active circuit elements appropriately interconnected by a pattern of conductive paths (electrical conductors) disposed between dielectric layers.
		In particular, in the method of manufacturing a form of DRAM that the present invention aims to improve, there are three distinct connections of these, the first type is typically described as an electrical contact to bit line (CB) which electrically connects bit lines to drain/source regions of the transistors in the memory array areas.
		Viewed from a second process aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for forming in a silicon chip a dynamic random access memory that includes an array of memory cells in an array area of the chip and support circuitry in a support area of the chip.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6544850.html (4253 words)

	Howstuffworks "How RAM Works"
		In the most common form of computer memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a transistor and a capacitor are paired to create a memory cell, which represents a single bit of data.
		Dynamic RAM has to be dynamically refreshed all of the time or it forgets what it is holding.
		Memory cells are etched onto a silicon wafer in an array of columns (bitlines) and rows (wordlines).
	computer.howstuffworks.com /ram4.htm (1219 words)

	Random Access Memory or RAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The more random access memory (RAM) in a computer a whole lot better life is. Every existing PC should have a minimum of 256 megs of memory and all new computers should be built with a minimum of 512 megs of memory.
		Memory is found, recognized then loaded with the operating system along with background programs, desktop wallpaper and icons, device drivers, running tasks by the clock and the programs in the start-up folder in the programs menu.
		Large capacity flash memory drives are the future as are the flash memory reader/writers that will be incorporated into everything everywhere.
	cpusolutions.net /memory.htm (435 words)

	Dynamic random access memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is a type of random access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor.
		Because of this refresh requirement, it is a dynamic memory as opposed to SRAM and other static memory.
		DRAM is usually arranged in a square array of one capacitor and transistor per cell.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dynamic_random_access_memory (2386 words)

	DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
		DRAM memory is different from static ram in a sense that the cells are not bi-stable elements but just addressed capacitors holding a charge which represents the state of the cell.
		Also the complexity of the circuits controlling the memory is much higher since the address bus is generally multiplexed and the cells must be refreshed regularly.
		Dynamic ram is a fourfold cheaper per bit over static ram, explaining its wide use in computer applications where large memory sizes are required as data or program memory.
	www.dataman.com /WebPages/Support/EPROM/DRAM.aspx (522 words)

	Challenges and future directions for the scaling of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)
		DRAM technology has progressed at a rapid pace since the invention of the one-transistor/one-capacitor cell (Figure 1) in the late 1960s [1], with an introduction of a new generation and chip density quadrupling every three years.
		As DRAMs are scaled to smaller dimensions, the voltage that can be applied to the memory devices will follow a path similar to that for logic devices (but delayed in time) because the DRAM devices are at a maximum field strength for gate-oxide reliability in any given generation [9].
		DRAM cells using trench-storage capacitors are particularly well suited for the integration of vertical transistors, since a portion of the wall of the trench above the storage capacitor is utilized for the channel, while the bitline wiring is formed above the surface of the silicon substrate.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/462/mandelman.html (10511 words)

	Dynamic random access memory persistent page implemented as processor register sets - Patent 5508968
		Accessing circuits for the DRAM permit accessing by the processor of word length segments of each of the SARs independently of one another so that the SARs function as a read/write cache for the processor.
		A random access memory made up of a plurality of random access memory arrays for storing data in N bit data strings for access by a processor located with the plurality of random access memory arrays on a single semiconductor chip, the memory comprising:
		The more arrays that are used in random access memory and the greater the number of individually accessible segments in each SAR, the deeper is the cache that is provided.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5508968.html (2335 words)

	dynamic random access memory
		DRAM bit cells are arranged on a chip in a grid of rows and columns where the number of rows and columns are usually a power of two.
		To access a memory cell, one entire row of cells is selected and its contents are transferred into an on-chip buffer.
		DRAM used for Video RAM (VRAM) has an additional long shift register that can be loaded from the row buffer.
	burks.brighton.ac.uk /burks/foldoc/78/35.htm (1549 words)

	Initiation of Countervailing Duty Investigation: Dynamic Random Access Memory Semiconductors ("DRAMs") from ...
		On Thursday, November 21, the Department of Commerce ("DOC") announced the initiation of a countervailing duty ("CVD") investigation on imports of Dynamic Random Access Memory Semiconductors from South Korea.
		A memory module is a collection of DRAMs, the sole function of which is memory.
		The DRAMs subject to this investigation are currently classifiable under subheadings 8542.21.8005 and 8542.21.8021 through 8542.21.8029 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS).
	www.ita.doc.gov /media/FactSheet/november2002/dram_112102.html (497 words)

	SDRAM - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
		Synchronous dynamic random access memory: A DRAM that transfers data in synchronization with the system clock, performing one data transfer for each clock cycle.
		Earlier DRAM types such as FMP (fast page mode) and EDO (extended data out) were asynchronous (and slower), in that they needed a carefully timed series of command signals to initiate a data transfer.
		The clock is coordinated with the CPU clock so the timing of the memory chips and the timing of the CPU are "in synch." The synchronization eliminates time delays and allows for fast consecutive read and write capability, thereby increasing the overall performance of the computer.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/SDRAM.asp (1069 words)

	Random access memory patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Therefore, the formation of the DRAM memory cell comprises the formation of a transistor, a capacitor, a connection between the capacitor and the transistor, and contacts to external circuits.
		As the size of the memory cell is reduced, the size of the active areas and the corridors available for the capacitor bottom electrodes to reach those active areas are also reduced.
		The memory cell may be completed by forming an insulating layer over the structure previously formed, patterning and etching the insulating layer and continuing to etch down to expose portions of the second source/drain region and, thereafter, forming a metal bit line contact contacting the exposed second source/drain region.
	freshpatents.com /Random-access-memory-dt20051208ptan20050272202.php (1792 words)

	Random Access Memory
		Memory modules also come in different pin configurations, and you must use the right type of RAM for your computer's expansion slots.
		The time it takes a CPU to access information stored in RAM is measured in nanoseconds, abbreviated "ns." A nanosecond is a millionth of a second.
		DRAM generally boasts access speeds in the 60- to 80-nanosecond range.
	tms.ecol.net /computer/pram.htm (583 words)

	Feature - Glossary Of Memory Acronyms
		DRAM must be continually refreshed or it will lose its state (on/off), making it slower than SRAM.
		This type of memory is faster and more reliable than DRAM because it needs to be refreshed less often, but it is more expensive and requires more power.
		Any type of memory that is made non-volatile by connecting it to a constant power source, such as a battery.
	www.netpanel.com /features/computer/memory.htm (771 words)

	DRAM - Glossary - CNET.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		DRAM is the Hershey's chocolate of readable/writable memory: it's not the best, but it's cheap, does the job, and is available almost everywhere you look.
		DRAM data resides in a cell made of a capacitor and a transistor.
		The capacitor tends to lose data unless it's recharged every couple of milliseconds, and this recharging tends to slow down the performance of DRAM compared to speedier RAM types.
	www.cnet.com /Resources/Info/Glossary/Terms/dram.html (67 words)

	What is DRAM? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: dynamic random access memory
		Random access means that the PC processor can access any part of the memory directly rather than having to proceed sequentially from some starting place.
		DRAM is dynamic in that, unlike static RAM (SRAM), it needs to have its storage cells refreshed or given a new electronic charge every few milliseconds.
		DRAM stores each bit in a storage cell consisting of a capacitor and a transistor.
	searchstorage.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid5_gci213914,00.html (277 words)

	Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory device incorporating a static RAM cache per memory bank ...
		The memory device disclosed provides effectively faster basic DRAM memory latency parameters, faster page "hit" latency, faster page "miss" latency and sustained bandwidth on random burst reads, faster read-to-write latency and write-to-read latency, hidden precharge, hidden bank activate latency, hidden refresh and hidden write precharge during a read "hit".
		Semiconductor memory device having on the same chip a plurality of memory circuits among which data transfer is performed to each other and an operating method thereof
		Memory subsystem having a static row memory and a dynamic RAM
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06330636__ (926 words)

	A DRAM renaissance? \| CNET News.com
		Memory prices on the spot market and also in long-term contracts began creeping up during the latter half of the second quarter.
		DRAM price declines have led to a major consolidation in the industry as companies got out of the market or tried to stem huge losses.
		If the cost for DRAM exceeds a certain price--usually 8 percent to 10 percent of the bill of materials for a PC--manufacturers may be forced to cut back on the memory allotments offered in new models or to shift other features to compensate.
	news.com.com /A+DRAM+renaissance/2100-1004_3-5065456.html (674 words)

	DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Memory is the network of electrically-charged points in which a computer stores quickly accessible data in the form of 0s and 1s.
		Random access means that the PC processor can access any part of the Memory or data storage space directly rather than having to proceed sequentially from some starting place.
		Static RAM does not need refreshing because it operates on the principle of moving current that is switched in one of two directions rather than a storage cell that holds a charge in place.
	bugclub.org /eric/memory/dram.html (147 words)

	What kind of memory RAM do I have? What kind of memory RAM do I need?
		A single inline memory module (SIMM) consists of a number of memory components (usually fl) that are attached to a printed circuit board (usually green).
		Generic computer memory is most often non compliance memory modules that have been flooding the market resulting in unstable computer systems and confusion.
		Generic memory modules may have only half of the number of bypass capacitors, screened on resistors with values that can vary 30% across the same board, many use 4 layer printed circuit boards instead of 6 layer boards, memory modules that have the correct circuitry but still fail to work in the computer.
	home.pacbell.net /dbk4297/memory_what_kind.html (1777 words)

	What is random access? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		The opposite of random access is sequential access.
		The terms random access and sequential access are often used to describe data files.
		Contains an overview of true random access as it pertains to the recording of television pictures.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/R/random_access.html (294 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Flash Memory Works"
		Electronic memory comes in a variety of forms to serve a variety of purposes.
		Flash memory is used for easy and fast information storage in such devices as digital cameras and home video game consoles.
		In this article, we'll find out how Flash memory works and look at some of the forms it takes and types of devices that use it.
	computer.howstuffworks.com /flash-memory.htm (350 words)

	Dynamic random access memory (US5359566)
		a memory cell array in which cascade memory cells arranged in matrix form, each cell being composed of a plurality of MOS transistors cascade-connected to each other, and a plurality of information storing capacitors one end of each of which is connected to one end of each of the transistors, respectively;
		a sense amplifier circuit which is provided for column of said memory cell array, and which senses the potential between said bit line and said capacitor-plate line in the read operation.
		Integrated semiconductor memory of the dram type and method for testing the same
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US05359566 (459 words)

	SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) Definition
		Stands for "Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory." Yeah, it's a mouthful, but if you memorize it, you can really impress your friends.
		SDRAM is an improvement to standard DRAM in that it retrieves data alternately between two sets of memory.
		It's called "Synchronous" DRAM because the memory is synchronized with the clock speed that the computer's CPU bus speed is optimized for.
	www.techterms.org /definition/sdram (142 words)

	RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory) Definition
		Stands for "Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory." It is a type of RAM made by Rambus (big surprise) and is the fastest type of computer memory available.
		Because of this, RDRAM is typically used for video memory on graphics acclerator cards, for cache memory (located on the CPU), and for system memory in high-performance workstations and servers.
		DRDRAM uses a 16-bit bus rather than the 8-bit bus DRAM uses, which means it can handle 8 operations at once and can transfer data at a speeds of 1.6 GHz.
	www.techterms.org /definition/rdram (172 words)

	Random Access Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The unit of measure for the performance of memory chips.
		Cache memory is a special section of memory that uses a fast static RAM chips,(SRAM), and serves as a shortcut to allow the processor access to certain types of data at very high speeds.
		Cache memory allows frequently requested data to go into the processor in as little as 45 nanoseconds.
	www.tekiq.com /education/random_access_memory.htm (694 words)

	Optical Dynamic Random Access Memory (407)
		Templex Technology is developing an optical dynamic random access memory (ODRAM) device that can provide 100 gigabytes (one billion bytes) of storage capacity with entirely nonmechanical beam steering.
		While TASM optical dynamic RAM has a storage capacity comparable to magnetic disk, ODRAM's access times are one thousand times shorter and bit-transfer rates are ten times higher.
		Since ODRAM is dynamic, i.e., nonpermanent, it will not replace magnetic storage, but may eventually be applied to workstations and desktop computers to complement other data storage technologies by providing fast access to massive data stores.
	www.mdatechnology.net /techsearch.asp?articleid=407 (789 words)

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