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Topic: Dynamic typing

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	Datatype - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Types are usually associated either with values in memory or with objects such as variables.
		For example, a datatype is a type of a value, a class is a type of an object and a kind is a type of a type.
		Duck typing is a humorous way of describing the (dynamic) typing typical of many scripting languages which guess the type of a value.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /datatype.htm (2291 words)

	ipedia.com: Datatype Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Types are usually associated either with values in memory or with objectss such as variabless.
		In dynamic scope, type checking is often done at run-time because variables can be differently typed according to execution path.
		Duck typing is a humorous way of describing the (dynamic) typing typical of many scripting languages, where the language guesses at the type of a value.
	www.ipedia.com /datatype.html (2261 words)

	Why dynamic typing?
		Dynamic typing excels because it allows this highly reusable, good code that would not pass a static typecheck.
		This is the type of 'package'-level punishment that static typing tends to cause.
		Dynamic OO languages have benefits that cause (well designed applications) to scale extremely well in size and space because they allow components to be reused and pieced together in a more optimal way, and so reduce overall system complexity.
	www.chimu.com /publications/short/whyDynamicTyping.html (4333 words)

	ActiveState - Company Information, News Room, Whitepapers, ActiveState Dynamic Languages - Dynamic Tools for Dynamic ...
		Dynamic languages were designed to solve the technical problems faced by their inventors, not to address specific goals identified as part of a 'strategic plan' to influence buyers of IT solutions.
		It is worth noting that dynamic typing is an important edge in the race to "embrace and extend" new technologies; for example, if a web application changes the schema of the data being transmitted, clients written in a dynamically typed language will require fewer changes than their statically typed counterparts, all other things being equal.
		The lack of a commercial outlook means that dynamic languages do fairly little to actively bind their users to long-term commitments-a consequence of which is that users of a dynamic language routinely learn new languages, and, over the course of a career, build expertise in several languages.
	www.activestate.com /Company/NewsRoom/whitepapers_ADL.plex (8863 words)

	Bruce Eckel's MindView, Inc: 11-16-04 Static vs. Dynamic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		C and C++ allow you to successfully cast to the wrong type, and are thus viewed as having weak typing (although Stroustrup once said that "C++ was strongly typed with a couple of holes in the type mechanism").
		In addition, type inference may actually exclude what I consider to be an important feature: latent typing, which puts less of a constraint on the types used by a function rather than more, and thus allows the creation of truly generic code.
		The type system is the water in which our object- oriented fish swim, and to allow holes and back doors says "these things are true about a type, but you can only rely on it if people know what they are doing and are behaving well," which is not very reassuring.
	mindview.net /WebLog/log-0066 (3108 words)

	Dynamic typing in OCaml \| Lambda the Ultimate
		Dynamic typing is also useful in the context of programs deployed in separate chunks--though static module systems may be a better solution in the long term.
		Dynamic typing is easier to implement than decent static typing, and indecent static typing is a very bad thing, but that really is a different topic.
		Dynamic typing provides no guarantees, but only a sliding scale by which the probability of errors can ben reduced by increasing the testing effort.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/view/983 (5146 words)

	Typing in TutorGig Discussion Groups (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		to dynamic typing than the functional type system is; in particular it can easily emulate dynamic typing (modulo performance problems caused by the inability of having unboxed integers and by lots...
		to dynamic typing.) I was implementing an interpreter of a dynamically typed language in OCaml..
		People sometimes say that "static typing means no type errors at runtime", but I would say the same of dynamic typing.
	groups.tutorgig.com /s/Typing (964 words)

	The Fishbowl: Weighing into the Static vs Dynamic Typing Debate
		One place where dynamic typing has truly 0wned me, however, has been the Cocoa framework for OS X. Cocoa have shown me that programming a GUI doesn't have to be an exercise in banging my head against a brick wall, it can actually be fun.
		In a dynamically typed program, it's easy for a human to tell what type something is likely to be, but no way for a machine to say for sure what type something is. Thus searches, code-assistance and refactoring tools for dynamically typed languages must, at some point, guess.
		Static typing vs. dynamic typing: The small corner of the blog world which I live in (need a name for that concept) has recently started debating dynamic typing vs static typing (and I've already refuted some claims).
	fishbowl.pastiche.org /2003/05/06/weighing_into_the_static_vs_dynamic_typing_debate (1262 words)

	Dynamic Typing as Staged Type Inference - Shields, Sheard, Jones (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Abstract: Dynamic typing extends statically typed languages with a universal datatype, simplifying programs which must manipulate other programs as data, such as distributed, persistent, interpretive and generic programs.
		We introduce a new approach to dynamic typing, based on staged computation, which allows a single typereconstruction algorithm to execute partly at compile time and partly at...
		Implicit Parameters: Dynamic Scoping with Static Types - Lewis, Shields, Meijer..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /shields98dynamic.html (487 words)

	Ruby: DynamicVsStaticTyping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although dynamic typing has been around for quite a while humanity as a whole has lots more experience with using statically or type inferring languages.
		A dynamic language like Ruby is formally equivalent to a statically typed language in which all variable types have been declared to be a reference to Object.
		This is not exactly a strong case in favour of dynamic typing, and the latter assertion is almost unprovable (isn't it?).
	www.rubygarden.org /ruby?DynamicVsStaticTyping (1958 words)

	Python & Java: Side by Side Comparison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For those who wish to pursue the matter, Strong versus Weak Typing: A Conversation with Guido van Rossum, Part V is a good place to start.
		If a name is assigned to an object of one type, it may later be assigned to an object of a different type.
		Once a variable name has been bound to a type (that is, declared) it can be bound (via an assignment statement) only to objects of that type; it cannot ever be bound to an object of a different type.
	www.ferg.org /projects/python_java_side-by-side.html (2634 words)

	Bruce Eckel's MindView, Inc: 3-11-04 About Latent Typing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Latent typing is somehow connected to whether the language is static or dynamic.
		In dynamic languages like Python, Smalltalk, etc., the latent type is also enforced: you still cannot successfully send an improper message to an object.
		Latent typing simply takes this one step further, and makes that interface latent so you don't have to express the interface, or to implement it in every class that you want to use in the function.
	mindview.net /WebLog/log-0051 (1755 words)

	Dynamic Typing in a Statically Typed Language - Abadi, Cardelli, Pierce, Plotkin (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dynamic Typing in a Statically Typed Language - Abadi, Cardelli, Pierce, Plotkin (ResearchIndex)
		Dynamic Typing in a Statically Typed Language (1989)
		To handle such situations safely, we propose to add a type Dynamic whose values are pairs of a value v and a type tag T...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /abadi89dynamic.html (709 words)

	Typing Dynamic Typing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It may be that the core language has been explicitly extended with such a type, or that one is allowed to live dangerously by using functions like unsafeCoerce.
		We show how, by a careful use of existentially and universally quantified types, one may achieve the same effect, without extending the language with new or unsafe features.
		The techniques are used in the description of a type checking compiler that, starting from an expression term, constructs a typed function representing the semantics of that expression.
	www.cs.uu.nl /people/arthurb/dynamic.html (192 words)

	MF Bliki: DynamicTyping
		The general argument for static types is that it catches bugs that are otherwise hard to find.
		But I discovered that in the presence of SelfTestingCode, most bugs that static types would have were found just as easily by the tests.
		Chatting at Camp 4 Coffee with Bruce Eckel we both agreed that one of the most frustrating things about the static/dynamic typing debate is that it's very hard to put into words the advantages of working in a dynamically typed language.
	martinfowler.com /bliki/DynamicTyping.html (636 words)

	Martin Fowler on dynamic typing \| PHP Everywhere
		Now both static and dynamically typed languages have their advantages, but given the speed of modern processors (they are now 1000 times faster than in 1990), the tide has turned and I feel it's pointless today to code in static-typed languages except for the most performance sensitive code (graphics subsystems, operating systems, compilers, interpreters).
		I couldn't agree more with Martin Fowler, famous documenter of Enterprise best practices, when he praises dynamic typing and discusses the myth of type-safety.
		Also some dynamic languages such as Python impose type-safety checks after a variable is set for extra safety.
	phplens.com /phpeverywhere?q=node/view/181 (564 words)

	Sam Ruby: Dynamic Typing
		Dumky, NetRexx is a language which also has static and strong typing, but doesn't require the programmer to explicitly declare the type.
		But earlier in the blog I speculate, and for some time have speculated, that dynamic languages and implicitly more expressive type checkers like those for o'caml, Haskell, etc. will converge somehow 5-10 years down the road.
		I think that debugging dynamically added attributes/methods on a specific javascript object is rather confusing, even though it is powerful.
	www.intertwingly.net /blog/1391.html (829 words)

	Typing, typing tutor, typing skill test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Typing Test - Learn2Type.com is the leading FREE website that helps you master the skills of touch typing, for beginners or experts.
		Typing Course Generator is available for teachers to customize the tutor for kids and other alphabetic...
		Typing requires Nimble Fingers, a typing program for all age...
	watcheducation.com /typing.html (1075 words)

	On Java Generics and Dynamic Typing [ ZefHemel.com ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Going from pre-ANSI C to C++ made me think that enough static type checking might be able to guarantee the proper execution of all programs.
		Ironically (in this discussion) dynamic testing is one of the things that Java brought to the table.
		I’ve made a similar argument about checked exceptions the type of error they prevent is not worth the cost.
	www.zefhemel.com /archives/2004/10/06/on-java-generics-and-dynamic-typing (1047 words)

	Typing for kids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Typing Pilots is an early childhood literacy-based program that utilizes the formal,...
		type, typing, kids typing games, kids, game, games, school, eduational, childrens, discount, cheap price, best buy, software, preschool, software, toddler,...
		Typing for kids in this age group is usually a very slow process as they are...
	www.cigarettedeposit.com /typing+for+kids.html (957 words)

	dynamic typing : Java Glossary
		There, the identity of the specific subroutine is computed at runtime with a combination of the run-time-varying specific type, plus the statically known method call name.
		Imagine this: in a dynamically typed language, you could pop off three stacks: object reference, message reference, arguments, mix them, and call the result.
		Occasionally (in some research languages) dynamic typing means the identity of 'which type is some object' is computed as a user-defined predicate upon its run-time varying data, and is not an invariant of its creation.
	mindprod.com /jgloss/dynamictyping.html (218 words)

	Static vs. Dynamic Typing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		I chose Perl because it was the dynamic language that Java programmers are most likely to be familiar with.
		I'm sure there are languages with better typing than Java and Perl.
		Your use of this web site or any of its content or software indicates your agreement to be bound by these Terms of Participation.
	weblogs.java.net /cs/user/view/cs_msg/675 (102 words)

	Secure Internet Programming: The Security of Static Typing with Dynamic Linking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dynamic linking is a requirement for portable executable content.
		At the same time, we would like languages supporting executable content to be statically typable, for increased efficiency and security.
		Static typing and dynamic linking interact in a security-relevant way.
	www.cs.princeton.edu /sip/pub/ccs4.html (109 words)

	Dynamic typing is evil
		Once upon a time I tried the "rescue" option of my Red Hat install CD, only to have Anaconda installer script barf on me with a Python traceback saying that the object "_" didn't have a toString method (or something to that effect).
		That's when I decided dynamic typing was evil.
		I really dislike the dynamic typing in PHP - at least with strongly typed java you know what to expect from a variable.
	www.oreillynet.com /cs/user/view/cs_msg/18554?page=last&x-order=date (274 words)

	Typing - Kids Domain - Typing Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If not, maybe you should read the introduction to blood typing before you start, otherwise you Blood Typing is presented with the support of Aventis.
		Welcome to the Multi Locus Sequence Typing home page is envisaged that this approach will be particularly helpful for the typing of bacterial pathogens.
		.NET Undocumented: Dynamic Typing in C# The effect is pseudo-dynamic typing—dynamic style programming on top of a The introduction of pseudo-dynamic typing in C# raises the possibility that it
	typing.easylookfor.com (239 words)

	Re: OT: Static/dynamic typing
		Paul Prescod wrote: > When I am creating new code, dynamic type checking almost always allows > me to be more productive than static type checking.
		As Jonathan says, > when you are changing or refactoring code, static type checking can more > often catch your mistakes.
		Compilers dealing with static types (whether or not they're safe) can do all sorts of pedal-to-the-metal tricks that are not available in a dynamically typed environment.
	www.stylusstudio.com /xmldev/200205/post40710.html (234 words)

	Lisp programming language at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Its prominent features include prefix-notation syntax, dynamic typing (variables are type-neutral, but values have implicit type), and the ability to treat source code as first-class objects.
		Not counting the various machine languages and assembly languages, Lisp is the second-oldest programming language still in widespread use; only Fortran is older.
		McCarthy's 1958 paper introduced two types of syntax: S-expressions (Symbolic Expressions), which are also called sexp's, and M-expressions (Meta Expressions), which express functions of S-expressions.
	wiki.tatet.com /Lisp_programming_language.html (2155 words)

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