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	Dysarthria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dysarthria (from New Latin dys-, prefix meaning 'mis-', 'dis-', 'accidental' + Greek -arthro, joint) is a speech disorder resulting from neurological injury.
		The reasons behind dysarthria can be many; among the diseases are ALS, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral palsy.
		The articulation problems that dysarthria causes can be treated together with a speech therapist by strengthening the speech musculature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dysarthria (155 words)

	- Northwestern Memorial Hospital - Chicago
		Dysarthria is difficult, poorly articulated speech, such as slurring.
		Dysarthria is generally apparent in daily conversation where there is difficulty expressing certain sounds or words.
		For dysarthria, speaking slowly is encouraged, and the use of hand gestures, when necessary, is recommended.
	www.nmh.org /nmh/adam/adamencyclopedia/HIEArticles/003204.htm (609 words)

	[No title]
		Introduction Dysarthria is a neuromotor speech impairment that may result from a congenital condition such as cerebral palsy or an acquired insult such as a stroke or motor vehicle accident.
		An individual with severe dysarthria is one whose speech sound intelligibility is reduced to a level where he/she is unable to communicate verbally in activities of daily living.
		For the purpose of this investigation, severe dysarthria is operationally defined as a motor speech disorder where slow, weak, imprecise and/or uncoordinated movements of the speech sound musculature renders speech ineffective for the purpose of daily communication.
	vismod.media.mit.edu /pub/masters_paper.doc (18314 words)

	Dysarthria Characteristics
		All types of dysarthria affect the articulation of consonants, causing the slurring of speech.
		Sometimes the voice of a patient with spastic dysarthria is described as strained or strangled (Duffy, 1995).
		If a Parkinson's patient with hypokinetic dysarthria cannot learn to speak more loudly through the use of monitoring techniques or the use of short phrases, he or she might be provided with an electro-larynx or computer hardware/software as a way of increasing vocal volume.
	www.csuchico.edu /~pmccaff/syllabi/SPPA342/342unit14.html (3458 words)

	[No title]
		Dysarthria is a speech disorder that is due to a weakness or incoordination of the speech muscles.
		It is often a symptom of a disease, such as cerebral palsy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Bell palsy.
		Individuals with dysarthria may be advised to take frequent pauses for breath, to over-articulate, or to pause before important words to make them stand out.
	home.ica.net /~fred/anch10-1.htm (670 words)

	dysarth
		Dysarthrias are often defined by their etiology and course of progression.
		Dysarthrias may be acquired or congenital and may follow a variety of courses.
		To complete an assessment of dysarthria, it is important to obtain a complete oral-facial examination and a good speech sample at structured levels and in continuous speech.
	mick.murraystate.edu /CDI615/spring98/dysarth.htm (1349 words)

	Aphasia Hope Foundation
		Dysarthria is often referred to as a motor weakness.
		Dysarthria may also be very mild to very severe.
		There can be a single diagnosis of dysarthria or apraxia or there in some cases be a diagnosis of both as you have been told in your daughters case.
	www.aphasiahope.org /forums/viewThread.jsp?forum=3&thread=552 (499 words)

	Considering Dysarthria: A Speech Disorder 'On the Margins'
		The goal of this paper is to portray dysarthria, a language impairment, as a disorder that is "on the margins" of the category of speech disorders.
		The symptoms of dysarthria may be slurred speech, nasality of sound, or quiet and slow speech (3)..
		Dysarthria is caused by lesions to the motor cortex or the cranial nerves (2).
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro01/web3/Blumenfeld.html (1189 words)

	Web QnA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It is difficult to estimate the number of persons with dysarthria since it results from numerous neurological diseases and injuries.There are two distinct types of causes of dysarthria.
		The dysarthria associated with bilateral upper motor neuron lesions is known as spastic dysarthria.
		So to summarize speech characteristics, ataxic dysarthria can be characterized by breakdown of consonant and vowel articulation; Excessive stress is put on words and syllables and with prolongation of phonemes and of pauses; abnormalities in the rhythm of speech and syllable repetition; a general slow rate; and harshness of voice.
	curriculum.calstatela.edu /WebQnA/webqna.pl?module=tbell2-14&action=viewall (11478 words)

	dysarthria - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia
		Dysarthria refers to speech problems that are caused by the muscles involved with speaking or the nerves controlling them.
		Dysarthria can be caused by dysfunction in the nervous pathways affecting any of the muscles of the tongue and mouth, the voice box and the respiratory system.
		Spastic dysarthria which is spasticity of the muscles involved in speech and gives rise to a lot of problems with speech depending on the affected muscles.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /dysarthria.html (322 words)

	Isolated dysarthria due to extracerebellar lacunar stroke: a central monoparesis of the tongue -- Urban et al. 66 (4): ...
		Dysarthria was characterised by slurring with imprecise articulation
		Dysarthria in association with facial and lingual hemiparesis due to lesions established at necropsy in the genu of the internal
		Dysarthria in acute ischemic stroke: Lesion topography, clinicoradiologic correlation, and etiology
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/66/4/495 (3011 words)

	Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Dysarthria is a speech problem caused by a lack of control over muscles in the face and mouth.
		A person who has dysarthria knows which words to use, but may not be able to make the right sounds.
		A person with dysarthria may not be able to make certain sounds and may speak slowly.
	www.rmhonline.com /modules/Encyclopedia/EncyclopediaDisplay.asp?BUCID=82581&BUCTID=3&ShowRelated=true (164 words)

	Inclusive Technology - Dysarthria
		Dysarthria occurs in a number of neurological conditions and can be the result of brain disfunction or injury.
		Where dysarthria is associated with cerebral palsy, or head injury, there may also be difficulties in language understanding or general learning.
		Where dysarthria is accompanied by severe drooling (as in some types of cerebral palsy), drug or surgical management may be recommended, and the therapist may have a role in monitoring these effects.
	www.inclusive.co.uk /support/dysarthr.shtml (514 words)

	The Stroke Association - Dysarthria and dyspraxia - Question 1
		A: Where dysphasia or aphasia is a difficulty with language generally, dysarthria is difficulty with speaking.
		Dysarthria can result from a stroke in any of several parts of the brain.
		Dysarthria can occur with a stroke affecting the cerebellum - the part of the brain that helps co-ordinate the muscles.
	www.stroke.org.uk /information/all_about_stroke/rehabilitation/communication/dysarthria_and_1.html (277 words)

	American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology: A description of phonetic, acoustic, and physiological changes ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Spastic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder produced by bilateral damage to the direct (pyramidal) and indirect (extrapyramidal) activation pathways of the central nervous system.
		Though auditory-perceptual analysis remains the foundation of day-to-day dysarthria assessment, this case illustrates the potential for instrumental assessment to (a) supplement perceptual assessment techniques, (b) parse speech subsystem deficits, and (c) track the effects of interventions.
		To be clear, the purpose of this report was not to directly assess the merits or efficacy of a particular treatment approach for spastic dysarthria, but rather to illustrate the application and integration of perceptual, acoustic, and physiological information in evaluation, management, and monitoring of treatment progress.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3856/is_200108/ai_n8983841 (1182 words)

	Mental Status > Media Resources
		Dysarthria is a disorder of the production of speech while language is intact.
		Expressive language is intact for this patient but he has a spastic dysarthria caused by bilateral upper motor neuron disease.
		This type of dysarthria is from a lower motor neuron lesion.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /neurologicexam/html/mentalstatus_resources.html (151 words)

	SECTION 3: CLINICAL ASPECTS OF AAC DEVICES
		These speech (dysarthria, apraxia) and language (aphasia) impairments are associated with a variety of neurologic conditions, the most common including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s Disease), cerebral palsy, locked-in-syndrome, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, brain-stem stroke, cortical stroke, progressive aphasia, and traumatic brain injury.
		Dysarthria is a collective term used to describe a group of speech disorders caused by disturbances in muscular control resulting from damage to the central and/or peripheral nervous system (Darley, Aronson, and Brown, 1975; Duffy, 1995; McNeil, 1997; Yorkston, Beukelman, Strand, and Bell, 1999).
		The prevalence of dysarthria in the United States must be extrapolated from demographic data detailing the incidence of neuromuscular diseases associated with dysarthria, such as cerebral palsy, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), traumatic brain injury, brain-stem stroke, and later stages of multiple sclerosis, because dysarthria often is a symptom of these diseases/conditions.
	www.augcominc.com /whatsnew/ncs3.html (11403 words)

	DYSARTHRIA - ICD 784.5
		Dysarthria occurs due to impairment or damage to the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves in the body).
		Although commonly seen in adults, dysarthria is also seen in children due to paralysis, weakness, altered muscle tone or incoordination of the muscles used in speaking.
		Dysarthria involves distortions of speech sounds (slurred sounds) and speech may be slow or effortful because of poor muscle control, whereas the person with verbal dyspraxia is more likely to have difficulties initiating and/or sequencing sounds for speech.
	www.childspeech.net /u_iv_g.html (580 words)

	Dysarthria
		Dysarthria is a neurogenic speech disorder caused by dysfunctional or damaged innervation to the speech musculature (tongue, lips, soft palate, facial muscles, larynx).
		Dysarthria is usually characterized by difficulty in vegetative functioning.
		Severe dysarthria can be such a significant obstacle to motor-speech skill development in that the average listener may not be able to decode speech.
	www.kidspeech.com /index.php?page=75 (215 words)

	University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Dysarthria
		Dysarthria: Speech that is characteristically slurred, slow, and difficult to produce (difficult to understand).
		Dysarthria is a disorder caused by paralysis, weakness, or inability to coordinate the muscles of the mouth.
		Treatment of dysarthria is by intensive speech therapy with the focus on oral-motor skill development.
	www.med.miami.edu /glossary/art.asp?articlekey=11180 (113 words)

	Dysarthria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Dysarthria is a 70-minute lecture/demonstration that presents over 50 patient samples, which together illustrate 11 different dysarthria types, plus a 30-minute video by Dr. Aronson demonstrates motor speech and physical exams.
		For information on what dysarthria is, the causes, and descriptions of the six major different types of dysarthria click here.
		Click here to read about the upper and lower motor lessons as the neurological causes of dysarthria.
	www.d.umn.edu /csd/students/dysarthria.html (271 words)

	Web QnA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Unilateral upper motor neural dysarthria is the speech disorder resulting from paralysis, weakness or incoordination of the speech musculature that is of neurologic origin localized to one hemisphere.
		Dysarthria is a speech disorder that results from paralysis, weakness or incoordination of the speech muscles.
		Some causes of this Dysarthria are, "tumors, trauma to the nerve itself, or a brainstem stroke with involvement of the nerve fibers."(2) Shrunken or atroph muscles, a reduction of reflexes(hyporeflexia), spontaneous muscle contactions which can only be seen in the tongue(fasciculatons) as well as hypernasality are all associated characteristics of Flaccid Dysarthria.
	curriculum.calstatela.edu /WebQnA/webqna.pl?module=tbell2-6&action=printall (13973 words)

	What is Dysarthria?
		Dysarthria is commonly caused by neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, Cerebral Palsy, Lou Gehrig’s disease, or late stages of multiple sclerosis.
		Dysarthria resulting from a stroke is generally broken into two categories based on site of lesion.
		If both upper and lower motor neurons are involved, a patient is diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig’s disease, usually occuring in the fifth decade of life, ALS has various symptoms depending on the type and extent of neurons affected.
	www.cslot.com /adults/dysarthria_art.htm (773 words)

	Saskatchewan Health - Dysarthria
		Dysarthria is the weakness or paralysis of the muscles used for speaking.
		Dysarthria is caused by poor control of the speech muscles.
		Therapy for the person with dysarthria will vary depending on the severity and extent of the dysarthria.
	www.health.gov.sk.ca /rr_dysarthria.html (264 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 45, Speech Disorders
		Dysarthria is the second most common speech disorder among elderly patients.
		However, as dysarthria worsens, speech must be modified (often through practice) to control rate, consonant emphasis, and articulation.
		In very severe cases, communication may need to be augmented with devices such as a letter board, picture board, or specially designed electronic devices.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec6/ch45/ch45d.jsp (256 words)

	Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Clinical Decision Making for Persons with Dysarthria
		Staging of intervention for people with dysarthria who require AAC involves planning interventions in advance to meet needs during various stages of severity of a given condition or disease.
		Staging of intervention is based on knowledge of the natural course of a disease or condition and consideration of an individual’s body structures and functions (impairment), personal activities (functional limitation) and participation in society (disability).
		By planning early for interventions through the course of the disease, clients have the opportunity to participate in making decision about communication in the end stages of their lives (Yorkston and Beukelman, 2000).
	www.msu.edu /~heidelra/dysarthria.htm (388 words)

	Dysarthria vs. Apraxia: A Comparison
		Because it involves problems with the transfer of information from the nervous system to the muscles, dysarthria is classified as a neuromotor disorder.
		Lesions of the substantia nigra cause hypokinetic dysarthria.
		Noting the effect of increased rate on speech intelligibility is one way to differentiate between dysarthria and apraxia.
	www.csuchico.edu /~pmccaff/syllabi/SPPA342/342unit15.html (921 words)

	Search Results for dysarthria - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Another type of dysarthria is observed in cases of Parkinson's disease.
		With liver failure dementia, confusion, aphasia, dysarthria, tremors of the limbs, and coma may result.
		Under this heading may be summarized various types of communication disorders that develop on the basis of known structural lesions or metabolic disturbances.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=dysarthria&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (197 words)

	Special Education - Dysarthria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The type and severity of dysarthria depends on which area of the nervous system is affected.
		Dysarthria is caused by many different conditions that involve the nervous system, including:
		In cases of severe dysarthria, it may be impossible for the person to speak intelligibly and an alternative means of communication may be needed.
	www.special-education.ws /dysarthria.html (724 words)

	Motor Speech Disorders
		Which type of dysarthria is characterized by rigidity and tremor?
		Which type of dysarthria is characterized by stiffness and slowed movements?
		Dysarthria and AOS both impact voluntary and reflexive movements
	www1.appstate.edu /~clarkhm/5731_024/pretest3.htm (49 words)

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