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Topic: Dyskinesia

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	Dyskinesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dyskinesia is sometimes caused by long-term use of anti-psychotic drugs or other dopamine antagonists like the antiemetic metoclopramide.
		In context of Parkinson's disease, dyskinesias are often the result of chronic levodopa (L-dopa) therapy.
		Dyskinesias most commonly occur at the time of peak L-dopa plasma concentrations and are thus referred to as peak-dose dyskinesias.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dyskinesia (241 words)

	Anxiety Zone - Tardive dyskinesia
		Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements.
		Many of the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear similar to Parkinson's disease and the cause of tardive dyskinesia appears to be related to the neurotransmitter dopamine.
		When tardive dyskinesia develops, the first step is generally to stop or minimize the use of the neuroleptic drug.
	www.anxietyzone.com /conditions/tardive_dyskinesia.html (317 words)

	Tardive dyskinesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Patients with Parkinson's disease have difficulty moving, patients with tardive dyskinesia are unable to stop moving.
		It is thought that postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors become supersensitive to stimulation as a result of the use of neuroleptic drugs and that this supersensitivity causes the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.
		Since some of these symptoms of tardive dyskinesia can be interpreted as schizophrenia by doctors, they may prescribe additional neuroleptic drugs to treat it, leading to increased risk of more prevalent tardive dyskinesia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tardive_dyskinesia (1100 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Tardive Dyskinesia is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that Tardive Dyskinesia, or a subtype of Tardive Dyskinesia, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
		With a diagnosis of Tardive Dyskinesia, it is also important to consider whether there is an underlying condition causing Tardive Dyskinesia.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /t/tardive_dyskinesia/intro.htm (741 words)

	Parkinson : Troubles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Dyskinesia are involuntary movements that generally appear on the side of the body most severely affected by Parkinson’s disease, usually the side on which the first symptoms appeared.
		Dyskinesia, which occur most commonly in the middle of a dose, are caused by an elevated level of levodopa in the brain.
		Lastly, some people may also suffer from biphasic dyskinesia; these occur at the beginning and at the end of the dose.
	www.infoparkinson.org /En/Contenu/Vieau_trouble_fm_dysk.asp (145 words)

	The Virtual Hospital: Clinical Psychopharmacology Seminar 1996-1997: Tardive Dyskinesia
		The term "tardive" or late dyskinesia was introduced in 1964 and refers to an iatrogenic disease associated with neuroleptic drug use (American College of Neuropsychopharmacology FDA Task Force 1973, Fann and Lake 1976).
		Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a syndrome of hyperkinetic involuntary movements characterized by a mix of orofacial dyskinesia, tics, chorea and/or athetosis (American College of Neuropsychopharmacology FDA Task Force, 1973).
		From animal studies using intracerebral injection technique it is known that increased GABA activity in lateral globus pallidus induces parkinsonism in animals, while the decreased GABA function in the medial segment of the globus pallidus and in reticular zone of the substantia nigra seems to be associated with hyperkinetic movements.
	www.janela1.com /vh/docs/v0002492.htm (6690 words)

	Familial Paroxysmal Dyskinesia
		Paroxysmal dyskinesias are neurologic conditions characterized by sudden episodes of abnormal involuntary movements (hyperkinesias).
		Paroxysmal dyskinesias are often classified into paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), based upon precipitating factors that precede or trigger the episodes of abnormal, involuntary movement.
		dyskinesia, the attacks may occur spontaneously while at rest or out of a background of normal motor activity, but may be exacerbated by alcohol or caffeine consumption, stress, fatigue, or other factors.
	www.ucsf.edu /humgene/paroxysmal_dyskinesia.htm (484 words)

	Neuroleptics, psychiatric drug hazards and tardive dyskinesia by Peter R. Breggin, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In long-term studies, the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia often exceeds 50 per cent of all treated patients and is probably much higher.
		There are probably a million or more tardive dyskinesia patients in the United States today, and tens of millions have been afflicted throughout the world since the inception of neuroleptic treatment (Breggin, 1991).
		The basal ganglia, which are afflicted in tardive dyskinesia, are richly interconnected with the higher centres of the brain, so that their dysfunction almost inevitably leads to disturbances in cognitive processes (for the functional neuroanatomy, see Alheid et al., 1990).
	www.breggin.com /neuroleptics.html (2413 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 14, Ch. 179, Disorders Of Movement
		Most dyskinesias are due to basal ganglia disorders, although precise neuroanatomic correlates are usually lacking.
		The various dyskinesias form a continuum from the lightning-like flickers of myoclonus to the slow, writhing patterns of dystonia.
		Long-term use of clonidine does not cause tardive dyskinesia; its limiting adverse effect is hypotension.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section14/chapter179/179c.htm (1328 words)

	Clozapine-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia and Hypothyroidism -- Mendhekar and Duggal 18 (2): 245 -- J Neuropsychiatry Clin ...
		Clozapine-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia and Hypothyroidism -- Mendhekar and Duggal 18 (2): 245 -- J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
		and incidence of tardive dyskinesia are on the decline.
		Sandyk R: Tardive dyskinesia induced by sulpiride in a patient with hypothyroidism.
	neuro.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/18/2/245 (669 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia
		Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary neurological movement disorder caused by the use of neuroleptic drugs that are prescribed to treat certain psychiatric or gastrointestinal conditions.
		Tardive Dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary and abnormal movements of the jaw, lips and tongue.
		Tardive Dyskinesia is caused by long-term use of a class of drugs known as neuroleptics.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord493.htm (1295 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia \| Drug and Medication Side Effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tardive Dyskinesia is a horrible, devastating and sometimes lifelong syndrome for those diagnosed.
		One of the worst aspects of tardive dyskinesia for many victims is the fact that they should have never developed the syndrome in the first place.
		Tardive Dyskinesia is characterized by coordinated, constant movements of the mouth, tongue, jaw, and cheeks.
	www.schmidtandclark.com /Tardive-Dyskinesia (1142 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia Legal Victory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tardive dyskinesia is a drug-induced movement disorder that is usually irreversible.
		The longer the tardive dyskinesia patient continues to be treated with the offending neuroleptic drugs, the more likely that the patient will develop a severe and disabling case.
		Thus far, all five tardive dyskinesia cases that have gone to trial with Dr. Breggin as an expert witness have been won or settled in favor of the plaintiffs.
	www.breggin.com /tdtrialsettlement.html (1121 words)

	National Mental Health Association Fact Sheet: Tardive Dyskinesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder caused by the long-term use of neuroleptic drugs, or anti-psychotic medications.
		The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia is estimated to be 10 to 20 percent of individuals treated with anti-psychotic medications.
		Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia may remain even after the medication is stopped.
	www.nmha.org /infoctr/factsheets/tardiveDyskinesia.cfm (268 words)

	eMedicine - Tardive Dyskinesia : Article by James Robert Brasic, MD, MPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Background: Tardive dyskinesias (TDs) are involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities that occur in patients treated with long-term dopaminergic antagonist medications.
		Use of potent dopamine antagonists, prolonged exposure to dopamine antagonists, and prior occurrence of acute movement disorders on exposure to dopamine antagonists are also associated with an increased risk for the occurrence of acute movement adverse effects.
		Orofacial dyskinesias appear as involuntary, repetitive, and stereotyped facial grimacing and twisting and/or protrusion of the tongue.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic362.htm (8361 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia
		Dyskinesia means “abnormal movement.” People with TD suffer from repetitive and uncontrollable movements that can interfere greatly with their quality of life.
		TD may gradually diminish in severity after the medication is discontinued, but all too often the problem is permanent, persisting after withdrawal from the drugs that caused the condition.
		Vitamin E in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.
	www.gianteagle.com /healthnotes/Concern/Tardive_Dyskinesia.htm (1243 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia from Neurology / Movement And Neurodegenerative Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Dyskinesia is a type of movement disorder that is subdivided into bradykinesias and hyperkinesias.
		For example, finger dyskinesias typically are increased when the patient is asked to walk with arms resting comfortably at the sides of the body.
		The movements of tardive dyskinesia suggest that someone diagnosed her with schizophrenia and placed her on long-term dopamine antagonist therapy.
	users3.ev1.net /~drtony/tardive.htm (8675 words)

	Vitamin E treatment of tardive dyskinesia
		RESULTS: There was a significant reduction of dyskinesia in the vitamin E group, but not the placebo group, on both the mAIMS and the instrumental assessments.
		METHOD: Twenty-eight patients with tardive dyskinesia were treated in a double-blind, parallel-group comparison study of 8-12 weeks of treatment with vitamin E (1600 IU/day) or matching placebo capsules.
		In a double-blind placebo controlled trial, the efficacy of Vitamin E in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) was studied in 32 patients.
	www.psycom.net /tardive_E.html (2839 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia
		Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) is a difficult side-effect which incudes abnormal tongue, limb, and trunk movement.
		Quercetin Helped Tardive Dyskinesia in Rats: Chronic neuroleptics leads to abnormal orofacial movements described as vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) in rats, which is widely accepted as an animal model of tardive dyskinesia.
		Panjab Univ. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid, attenuates haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia.
	www.modern-psychiatry.com /tardive_dyskinesia.htm (2805 words)

	Spontaneous dyskinesia and parkinsonism in never-medicated, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia: 18-month ...
		Dyskinesia and parkinsonism are an integral part of the schizophrenic
		Bergen, J. A., Eyland, E. A., Campbell, J. et al (1989) The course of tardive dyskinesia in patients on long-term neuroleptics.
		Fenton, W. Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia.
	bjp.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/full/181/2/135 (1955 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia and Akathisia, Movement Disorders, THE MERCK MANUAL OF HEALTH & AGING
		Tardive dyskinesia is involuntary, repetitive movements of muscles.
		Tardive dyskinesia and akathisia are often caused by antipsychotic drugs or related drugs.
		In tardive dyskinesia, the muscles of the face are affected most often.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual_ha/sec3/ch30/ch30d.html (257 words)

	MDVU Resource Library - Tardive Dyskinesia
		In general, tardive dyskinesia (TD) refers to a wide variety of involuntary, repetitive, persistent, stereotyped movements caused by the use of drugs that block dopamine receptors (dopamine-receptor antagonists [DRA]).
		Dyskinesia is from the Greek words, dys and kinEsis, meaning difficulty of movement.
		Tardive comes from the French word (tardif) for tardy or late, meaning that the dyskinesias appear late in the course of therapy with a DRA and not as an immediate response to the use of the drug.
	www.mdvu.org /library/disease/td (320 words)

	Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
		James O. Fordice, M.D. Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by a structural and generalized abnormality of cilia which renders them immotile or dysmotile.
		Afzelius and others presented evidence that a genetic defect of the gene(s) for dynein, leading to a congenital lack of dynein arms in cilia and sperm tails, was responsible for both the respiratory and fertility problems.
		In conclusion, primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically heterogeneous, recessively inherited defect of ciliary motility, which leads to chronic upper and lower respiratory tract pathology, middle ear disease, and male infertility, along with situs inversus in 50% of cases.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/33095.html (2954 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia and Tardive Dystonia: where you can turn for help - NEC Article
		Who will get tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia?Although the statistics vary somewhat, there is no doubt that a significant percentage of people who use neuroleptic or "anti-psychotic" medications will develop a movement disorder caused by those medications.
		The good news is that sometimes tardive dyskinesia and dystonia appear and then gradually disappear all on their own.
		One good example of a tardive dyskinesia lawsuit in which the jury awarded the plaintiff $1.3 million dollars can be found at the website for the Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology at www.icspp.org.
	www.power2u.org /articles/selfhelp/tardive.html (1787 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia - For those suffering from Neuroleptics and Antipsychotics (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tardive Dyskinesia and the use of antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medication have been so controversial because the high number of neuroleptic medication choices and the many patients still unaware that there is a Tardive Dyskinesia risk.
		Early detection of Tardive Dyskinesia symptoms is critical in reducing the severity of the often irreversible disorder, but it has been found that Tardive Dyskinesia patients rarely identify early warning signs, especially since the involuntary movements do not cause physical discomfort.
		Tardive Dyskinesia was first brought to the attention of the medical community by a psychiatrist George Crane in 1973 after he had been witnessing Tardive Dyskinesia cases in neuroleptic patients.
	tardive-dyskinesia.com.cob-web.org:8888 (1340 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		Neuroleptic drugs are generally prescribed for psychiatric disorders, as well as for some gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.
		Involuntary movements of the fingers may appear as though the patient is playing an invisible guitar or piano.
		The goals of this research are to improve understanding of these disorders and to discover ways to treat, prevent, and, ultimately, cure them.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /disorders/tardive/tardive.htm (350 words)

	Clinical Trial: Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Tardive Dyskinesia
		Tardive dyskinesia is a common complication of conventional antipsychotic treatment in subjects with schizophrenia.
		Tardive dyskinesia (TD) in particular causes problems, insofar as it is common, and resistant to treatment.
		We obtained an estimate of the variability of the change in ESRS dyskinesia scores after 12 weeks of treatment with ethyl-EPA and placebo as add-on to their previous antipsychotic medication from a previous trial conducted at our centre, which gave 2.13 as the standard deviation (unpublished).
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00114595 (2245 words)

	Dyskinesia definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Dyskinesia: Difficulty or distortion in performing voluntary movements, as in tic, chorea, spasm, or myoclonus.
		The term dyskinesia may be used in relation to Parkinson's disease and other extrapyramidal disorders.
		Dyskinesia can occur as a side effect of certain medications such as L-dopa and the antipsychotics.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11214 (155 words)

	Tardive Dyskinesia
		Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological syndrome caused by the long-term use of neuroleptic drugs.
		The first step is generally to stop or minimize the use of the neuroleptic drug.
		Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia may remain long after discontinuation of neuroleptic drugs; however, with careful management, some symptoms may improve and/or disappear with time.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/921990098.html (221 words)

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