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Topic: Dysmenorrhea

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	Dysmenorrhea printer friendly page \| Edgar Cayce Remedies: painful or difficult menstruation
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is associated with an identified cause.
		Although the cause of primary dysmenorrhea is unknown, the pain experienced is thought to result from contractions of the uterus that occur when the blood supply to its lining (endometrium) is reduced.
		Conceptually, the Cayce approach to dysmenorrhea focuses on assisting the body in healing itself by the application of a variety of therapies intended to provide symptomatic relief while also addressing the underlying causes of the condition.
	www.edgarcayce.org /health/database/health_resources/dysmenorrhea.asp (1570 words)

	Dysmenorrhea- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Dysmenorrhea is the pain or discomfort ("cramps") during or just before a menstrual period.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is cramps caused by another medical problem(s) such as endometriosis (abnormalities in the lining of the uterus), adenomyosis (nonmalignant growth of the endometrium into the muscular layer of the uterus), pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, cervical narrowing, uterine malposition, pelvic tumors or an IUD (intra-uterine device).
		Secondary dysmenorrhea usually begins well after the age of onset of menstruation, sometimes as late as the third or fourth decade of life.
	www.healthcentral.com /encyclopedia/408/80.html (878 words)

	Dysmenorrhea
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by another condition, commonly endometriosis.
		Dysmenorrhea includes symptoms of abdominal bloating, frequent and intense cramps, pain below the waistline, or a dull ache that may radiate to the lower back or legs.
		In a follow-up study, this protocol was combined with 300 mg of vitamin C and 60 mg of the flavonoid rutin per day, which resulted in a 90% effectiveness for relieving menstrual cramps.
	www.findhealthinfo.com /healthconcerns/Dysmenorrhea.htm (2319 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Dysmenorrhea in the adolescent
		Painful periods (dysmenorrhea) is a common complaint among young females, but the majority of cases are not due to disease, and the physical exam is normal.
		Dysmenorrhea has been reported to be significantly increased among mothers and sisters of women with the condition.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea means painful periods due to an underlying illness, such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001194.htm (568 words)

	DYSMENORRHEA
		Dysmenorrhea is severe painful abdominal cramps at the onset of and during menstruation.
		The condition is called Primary dysmenorrhea when there is no underlying cause and usually occurs in women in their late teens and early twenties.
		Primary dysmenorrhea is a symptom, not an illness.
	www.rxmed.com /b.main/b1.illness/b1.1.illnesses/DYSMENORRHEA.htm (495 words)

	eMedicine - Dysmenorrhea : Article by Karim Anton Calis, PharmD, MPH, BCPS, BCNSP, FASHP, FCCP
		Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as menstrual pain not associated with macroscopic pelvic pathology (ie, absence of pelvic disease).
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is defined as menstrual pain resulting from anatomic and/or macroscopic pelvic pathology (Dawood, 1990; Koltz, 1995), such as that seen in women with endometriosis or chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.
		Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea is directed at providing relief from the cramping pelvic pain and associated symptoms (eg, headache, nausea, vomiting, flushing, diarrhea) that typically accompany or immediately precede the onset of menstrual flow.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic606.htm (4324 words)

	Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) \| AHealthyMe.com
		This type of dysmenorrhea usually takes the form of sharp, spasmodic pains in your lower abdomen at the beginning of your period, or a day or two earlier, and it lasts two to three days.
		Unlike that of primary dysmenorrhea, however, the pain is a symptom of another disease or condition that may require treatment - perhaps endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, and adenomyosis (in which uterine tissue grows into the wall of the uterus).
		The symptoms of secondary dysmenorrhea include pelvic and back pain, spotting between periods, pain during or after sex, a puslike vaginal discharge, fever or chills, frequent urination, and changes in bowel movement.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic13080 (1258 words)

	OHSU Health - Dysmenorrhea (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual condition characterized by severe and frequent menstrual cramps and pain associated with menstruation.
		The cause of dysmenorrhea depends on whether the condition is primary or secondary.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by other medical conditions, most often endometriosis (a condition in which tissue that looks and acts like endometrial tissue becomes implanted outside the uterus, usually on other reproductive organs inside the pelvis or in the abdominal cavity - often resulting in internal bleeding, infection, and pelvic pain).
	www.ohsuhealth.com /htaz/newgyn/mensthub/dysmenorrhea.cfm (541 words)

	Dysmenorrhea (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dysmenorrhea, or painful menses, is one of the most common gynecological complaints in young women, thought to affect 50% of all menstruating women.
		The goal of treatment of primary dysmenorrhea is the minimization of discomfort and preservation of fertility.
		Several complementary and alternative therapies have been utilized in the management of the discomfort of dysmenorrhea, although there are few or no studies to support their effectiveness or safety.
	www.cancergroup.com /dysmenorrhea.html (192 words)

	Dysmenorrhea
		Many teens don't suffer from dysmenorrhea, as their uterus is still growing, and yet they may get it several years after their first period begins.
		Causes of secondary dysmenorrhea include infection in the genital tract, a narrow passageway connecting the inside of the uterus to the vagina (the cervical canal), and endometriosis.Endometriosis is a condition in which nodules (bumps) of tissue just like the lining of the uterus are found on internal organs in the lower abdomen.
		Self-Massage is often useful with Dysmenorrhea, see the abdomen section of that article.
	www.coolnurse.com /dysmenorrhea.htm (1551 words)

	Dysmenorrhea American Family Physician - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The prevalence of dysmenorrhea is highest in adolescent women, with estimates ranging from 20 to 90 percent, depending on the measurement method used.
		Dysmenorrhea is thought to be caused by the release of prostaglandins in the menstrual fluid, which causes uterine contractions and pain.
		In patients with severe dysmenorrhea that is unresponsive to initial treatment, ultrasonography is useful to detect ovarian cysts and endometriomas.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_2_71/ai_n9486470 (838 words)

	Howstuffworks "Dysmenorrhea: A Profile of a Painful Condition"
		The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is thought to be the release of excess prostaglandins from the lining of the uterus shortly before the beginning of a menstrual period.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is usually a result of another reproductive problem, such as fibroid tumors, a narrow cervix, or endometriosis (the displacement of tissue from the uterine lining to areas elsewhere in the body).
		Primary dysmenorrhea has been successfully treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen, naproxen, meclofenamate, diflunisal, and mefenamic acid), which, when taken just before a period is to begin, act to suppress the production of prostaglandins and thereby reduce the intensity of the contractions that cause pain.
	health.howstuffworks.com /define-dysmenorrhea.htm (682 words)

	Dysmenorrhea - David L. Hoffmann B.Sc. (Hons), M.N.I.M.H. - HealthWorld Online
		Dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation and is the most common of all gynecologic complaints, and the leading cause of absenteeism of women from work, school, and other activities.
		Primary dysmenorrhea is associated with nausea in 50% of patients, vomiting in 25% of patients and stool frequency in 35% of patients.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea related to the presence of pelvic lesions secondary to organic pelvic disease such as endometriosis, salpingitis and PID (pelvic inflammatory disease), post surgical adhesions, etc. Secondary dysmenorrhea begins up to a few days before menstruation and lasts several days after the onset of flow.
	www.healthy.net /scr/article.asp?Id=1184 (583 words)

	Dysmenorrhea Encyclopedia of Medicine - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dysmenorrhea is the occurrance of painful cramps during menstruation.
		Dysmenorrhea is called "primary" when there is no specific abnormality, and "secondary" when the pain is caused by an underlying gynecological problem.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea may be caused by endometriosis, fibroid tumors, or an infection in the pelvis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0004/ai_2601000451 (938 words)

	Dysmenorrhea
		Dysmenorrhea is the term used to describe painful menstrual periods.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by an underlying gynecological disorder.
		Primary dysmenorrhea occurs when the uterus contracts because the blood supply to the endometrium is reduced.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /healthinfo/d/dysmenorrhea.htm (914 words)

	eMedicine - Dysmenorrhea : Article by Laurel D Edmundson, MD
		Primary dysmenorrhea occurs in the absence of pelvic pathology, whereas secondary dysmenorrhea results from identifiable organic diseases, most typically endometriosis, uterine fibroids, uterine adenomyosis, or chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.
		The prevalence of dysmenorrhea is estimated to be between 45 and 95% among reproductive-aged women.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea may present at any time after menarche, but most commonly arises when a woman is in her 20s or 30s, after years of normal, relatively painless cycles.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic156.htm (1999 words)

	Dysmenorrhea
		Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for menstrual cramps.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is pain that is caused by a disorder in the woman's reproductive organs.
		Menstrual pain from secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by a disease in the woman's reproductive organs.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/0100/0101.asp?index=4148 (638 words)

	Shoppers Drug Mart - Health & Wellness
		Dysmenorrhea can be literally translated as "difficult monthly flow." Although it's normal for most women to have mild abdominal cramps on the first day or two of their period, about 10% of women experience severe pain.
		Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that's not a symptom of an underlying gynecologic disorder but related to the normal process of menstruation.
		Dysmenorrhea pain may be spasmodic (sharp pelvic cramps at the start of menstrual flow) or congestive (deep, dull ache).
	www.mediresource.com /sdm/sdm/english/disease_detail.asp?disease_id=225 (869 words)

	Occipital Headaches
		Dysmenorrhea is characterized by mild to severe menstrual pain occurring from a few hours prior to several days into menstruation.
		A relatively homogeneous group of women with severe and incapacitating dysmenorrhea was selected on the basis of rigorous criteria.
		Doyle JB: Paracervical uterine denervation by transection of the cervical plexus for the relief of dysmenorrhea.
	www.usdoctor.com /luna.htm (1921 words)

	Dysmenorrhea - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention
		Dysmenorrhea is the pain or discomfort ("cramps") during or just before a menstrual period.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is cramps caused by another medical problem(s) such as endometriosis (abnormalities in the lining of the uterus), adenomyosis (nonmalignant growth of the endometrium into the muscular layer of the uterus), pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, cervical narrowing, uterine malposition, pelvic tumors or an IUD (intra-uterine device).
		Primary dysmenorrhea may affect up to 75 percent of women at some time, and 5-6 percent may have incapacitating pain.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/435/80/main.html (747 words)

	Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) - CNN.com
		Dysmenorrhea is simply the medical term for menstrual cramps, that dull or throbbing pain in the lower abdomen many women experience just before and during their menstrual periods.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea involves an underlying physical cause, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
		The complications of secondary dysmenorrhea depend on the underlying cause.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00506.html (1100 words)

	Dysmenorrhea: Menstrual Abnormalities: Merck Manual Professional
		Primary dysmenorrhea begins during adolescence and cannot be explained by structural gynecologic disorders.
		Usually, secondary dysmenorrhea begins during adulthood and is due to underlying pelvic abnormalities.
		Common causes of secondary dysmenorrhea include endometriosis, uterine adenomyosis, fibroids, and, in a few women, an extremely tight cervical os (secondary to conization, cryocautery, or thermocautery) that becomes painful when the uterus attempts to expel tissue.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec18/ch244/ch244d.html (404 words)

	AllRefer Health - Dysmenorrhea in the Adolescent (Adolescent Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual Pain - Adolescent, Painful ...
		Pain may be mild to severe, and may be associated with nausea and vomiting and changes in bowel habits (either constipation or diarrhea).
		Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological complaint in adolescents, but the majority of cases are not associated with a disease, and the physical examination is normal.
		Dysmenorrhea has been reported to be significantly increased among mothers and sisters of women with dysmenorrhea.
	health.allrefer.com /health/dysmenorrhea-in-the-adolescent-info.html (444 words)

	Dysmenorrhea
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by another condition, commonly endometriosis.
		Dysmenorrhea includes symptoms of abdominal bloating, frequent and intense cramps, pain below the waistline, or a dull ache that may radiate to the lower back or legs.
		In a follow-up study, this protocol was combined with 300 mg of vitamin C and 60 mg of the flavonoid rutin per day, which resulted in a 90% effectiveness for relieving menstrual cramps.
	www.publix.com /wellness/notes/Display.do?id=Concern&childId=Dysmenorrhea (2610 words)

	Dysmenorrhea
		Primary dysmenorrhea is cyclical pain associated with menses during ovulatory cycles without demonstrable lesions affecting the reproductive structures.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea is pain with menses that is caused by demonstrable pathology.
		Dysmenorrhea may be effectively treated with alternative therapies and mind-body techniques such as meditation, yoga, tai chi, and gentle exercise.
	metagenics.com /resources/imc/OneMedicineProf/ProfConditions/Dysmenorrheapc.html (1748 words)

	Dysmenorrhea
		Primary dysmenorrhea is the pain, that accompanies periods only when secondary dysmenorrhea, due to underlying pathology, is excluded.
		Primary dysmenorrhea is the direct result of the peak levels of prostaglandins at menses in an ovulatory cycle.
		Secondary dysmenorrhea may include the effects of excess prostaglandins, as well as excessive uterine contractions secondary to an underlying pathology such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, infection, or another underlying problem.
	uuhsc.utah.edu /obgyn/rei/ISdysmenorrhea.html (106 words)

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