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Topic: Dysphoria

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	Neuroleptic dysphoria
		Dysphoria persisting over time, may lead to adverse clinical consequences such as treatment non-adherence, substance abuse, poor clinical outcome, increased suicidality and compromised quality of life.
		Interference with the physiological processes of hedonic capacity by the neuroleptics due to their dopaminergic blocking action in the prefrontal cortex and the shell of nucleus accumbens is the putative mediating mechanism underlying the occurrence of dysphoric responses.
		CONCLUSION: Viewing neuroleptic dysphoria within a broader spectrum of disorders of subjective tolerability and exploring its neurobiological mechanisms is relevant to addressing the nuances of antipsychotic therapy, and could help unravel the questions surrounding the pathophysiology of depression, substance abuse and other dysphoric clinical states.
	www.biopsychiatry.com /neuroleptics.htm (281 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Dysphoria
		Dysphoria (from Greek δύσφορος (dysphoros), from δυσ-, difficult, and φέρω, to bear) is generally characterized as an unpleasant or uncomfortable mood, such as sadness (depressed mood), anxiety, irritability, or restlessness.
		Dysphoria is usually experienced during depressive episodes, but in people with bipolar disorder, it may also be experienced during manic or hypomanic episodes.
		Dysphoria in the context of a mood disorder indicates a heightened risk of suicide.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Dysphoria (227 words)

	Naltrexone ( Trexan ) -induced dysphoria
		Since activation of opioid receptors produces a sense of well-being, naltrexone's blockade of these receptors might produce dysphoria, which could contribute to noncompliance among addicts under treatment.
		To test this hypothesis, the authors administered naltrexone to four men who had been free of opioids for 9 to 44 months using a 6-week, placebo-controlled crossover design.
		The results suggest that naltrexone may induce mild dysphoria long after addicts stop using opioids.
	opioids.com /naltrexone/dysphoria.html (127 words)

	Gender dysphoria [Section Title] - Health encyclopaedia - NHS Direct
		A person with gender dysphoria experiences anxiety, uncertainty or persistently uncomfortable feelings about their birth gender.
		Young adults with gender dysphoria may try to relieve increasing feelings of gender anxiety by getting married and trying to live in their birth sex.
		People with gender dysphoria may be heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual.
	www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk /en.aspx?printPage=1&articleId=435 (1330 words)

	Mind booklet: Understanding gender dysphoria
		Gender dysphoria, also known as 'gender identity disorder', is a medical term for anxiety, confusion or discomfort about birth gender.
		People who experience gender dysphoria are often afraid to express their feelings publicly, due to fears of rejection or feelings of guilt or shame.
		Some adults with gender dysphoria, like other people, may go through a period of transvestite or homosexual behaviour while they are exploring their true natures.
	www.yorkmind.org.uk /inf_gender.htm (2737 words)

	dysphoria - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "dysphoria" is defined.
		dysphoria : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Phrases that include dysphoria: gender dysphoria, gender dysphoria syndrome, gender dysphoria s, gender identity dysphoria, late luteal phase dysphoria
	www.onelook.com /?w=dysphoria&ls=a (234 words)

	TransLife.net Transgender 101 - Psychological - Gender Dysphoria
		Gender Dysphoria is a stage in the transgender spectrum as well as an emotion experienced.
		We've already defined gender in previous sections, but dysphoria means "difficult to bear" or "a state of feeling unwell or unhappy".
		Dysphoria can easily be a source for depression and suicidal thoughts.
	www.translife.net /tg101/dysphoria.htm (352 words)

	Dysphoria - Psychology Wiki - a Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A person suffering from dysphoria will feel that "Things aren't the way they are supposed to be." One type of dysphoria is gender dysphoria; people who suffer from this disorder feel uncomfortable with their identity in the gender/sex they have been assigned.
		Dysphoria can be differentiated from depression in that it tends to be an agitated feeling.
		That is, dysphoria is often described by sufferers as a "bad high" as opposed to the "low" of depression.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Dysphoria (248 words)

	Does Reparative Therapy Cure Gender Dysphoria? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Modern mental health science recognizes that gender dysphoria (also known as gender identity disorder or GID) is due to one’s gender identity, i.e., one’s feeling of being male or female, not agreeing with the physical sex of their body.
		Leach shows some familiarity with gender dysphoria, and intersperses some facts with controversial alternative theories on its causes, descriptions of the emotional trauma suffered by some who have undergone sex reassignment surgery, and some testimonies of individuals who claim to be former homosexuals and cross dressers.
		Leach admits to a recurrent struggle with his dysphoria this defense mechanism is not perfect, but it may be sufficient to maintain suppression of his symptoms for the present.
	home.comcast.net /~francie_p/therapy.html (3658 words)

	Mind > Information > Booklets by series > Understanding > Understanding gender dysphoria
		Gender dysphoria, also known as 'gender identity disorder', is a medical term for anxiety, confusion or discomfort about birth gender.
		Milder forms of gender dysphoria can mean occasional feelings of belonging to the opposite sex, and may cause people to dress as the opposite sex once in a while (see Cross-dressing, further down).
		People with gender dysphoria are often afraid to express their feelings publicly, because they fear being rejected or because they feel guilty or ashamed.
	www.mind.org.uk /Information/Booklets/Understanding/Understanding+gender+dysphoria.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic&WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublished%22%22 (3036 words)

	Borderline Dysphoria -- The Shame At Its Core
		He defines dysphoria as: "...primarily a combination of depression, rage, anxiety, and despair.
		It is often from the mixed soup of unpleasant and often very painful emotions that borderlines can become destructive generally or self-destructive in desperate attempts to get out of this emotional state.
		We feel less at home in ourselves." This speaks to the fact that in the development of Borderline Personality Disorder, (often) it is this shaming that results in the kind of disconnection for self that inhibits or utterly blocks one's ability to develop a healthy personality.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/borderline_personality/31495 (503 words)

	GRS Wales \| Fighting the right for funding for GRS
		Gender identity disorder as identified by psychologists and medical doctors is a condition where a person who has been assigned one gender (usually at birth on the basis of their sex, but compare intersexual) but identifies as belonging to another gender, or does not conform with the gender role their respective society prescribes to them.
		They feel that they have a gender identity that is different from their anatomical sex.This may lead to a fear of expressing their feelings and a fear of rejection, which may lead to deep anxiety, leading to chronic depression and possibly attempted suicide.
		Once referred to a gender Dysphoria clinic, alternatives to sex reassignment are considered.
	www.freewebs.com /grswales/whatisgenderdysphoria.htm (722 words)

	Gender Dysphoria & Autogynephilia
		The hypothesis asserts that the various discriminable syndromes of nonhomosexual gender dysphoria are the results of autogynephilia interactions with additional, constitutional, or experiential factors.
		The occurrence of such fantasy should not, however obscure the essential feature of the homosexual type: Homosexual gender dysphorics are directly aroused by the objective features of the male physique, especially the sight and feel of the male genitalia, and this arousal in not dependent on the mediation of cross-gender fantasy.
		The notion that the nonhomosexual gender dysphorias are variant forms of the same disturbance predicts that the heterosexual, bisexual, and analloerotic groups will report developmental histories similar to one another and dissimiliar from the homosexual group.
	www.genderpsychology.org /autogynephilia/male_gender_dysphoria/blanchard_typology.html (1133 words)

	MySpace.com - DYSPHORIA R.I.P. 06-07 - Ottawa, CA - Death Metal / Thrash / Metal - www.myspace.com/dysphoriametal
		MySpace.com - DYSPHORIA R.I.P. 06-07 - Ottawa, CA - Death Metal / Thrash / Metal - www.myspace.com/dysphoriametal
		DYSPHORIA R.I.P. Death Metal / Thrash / Metal
		About DYSPHORIA R.I.P. Because of musical differences we as a band have decided to go our seperate ways, but we'd like to thank eveyone who supported the band, including anyone who bought tickets to our shows, bands we've played with All is lost, Epocalypse...ect...
	www.myspace.com /dysphoriametal (787 words)

	Psychologist explains transgenderism, transsexualism, crossdressing and gender role transition,
		This is an expanded version, complete with references of a paper read at the HIBIGDA Conference in Bologna, Italy in April 2005.
		This web site addresses issues regarding gender dysphoria, crossdressing, transsexualism, transgenderism, Gender Identity Disorder, hormones, sex reassignment surgery (SRS), the HBIGDA Standards of Care (SOC) and gender variant issues in general.
		I am a long standing member of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WAPTH) (formerly known as Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIGDA)) and a founding member of the Bay Area Gender Associates, a peer supervision and consultation group.
	www.avitale.com (644 words)

	Consultation on Good Practice Guidelines for the Assessment & Treatment of Gender Dysphoria \| Press For Change
		I am pleased to provide you with a copy of the latest draft document of the proposed standards of care for patients with gender dysphoria receiving support and medical care in the UK (version 8.3b).
		This is a document that has been developed in conjunction with representatives from a number of sources including the medical Royal Colleges, professional societies and Associations and representatives from user groups and other interested parties.
		Reproduction of any part of this site other than for personal use or research is strictly forbidden without the express permission of the copyright owners.
	www.pfc.org.uk /node/1430 (545 words)

	CD Baby: SINGLEMINDED: Dysphoria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		DYSPHORIA, the freshman release of Singleminded, is a fantastic debut from a rising band with a unique sound.
		In a day when many bands ride the talent of a single member or celebrity face, it is rare to find a band with complete talent as is displayed through the intricicies of DYSPHORIA.
		Many of the tracks combine soaring vocals with impeccable timing and climax to give a very dynamic quality to the album.
	cdbaby.com /cd/singleminded (835 words)

	Carbohydrate Craving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They experience greater than normal dysphoria when trying to quit and are highly prone to relapse to smoking.
		The first aim of this study funded by the American Heart Association was to examine whether a novel kind of intervention called dysphoric inoculation has the potential to genuinely train depression-prone smokers to manage their dysphoric mood and improve cessation.
		Dysphoria inoculation augments cognitive behavioral mood management training by biologically triggering a state of dysphoria and prompting in vivo rehearsal of mood management skills for smoking cessation.
	tigger.uic.edu /labs/hprl/dysphoria.htm (361 words)

	Benjamin Standards Of Care
		Gender Dysphoria herein refers to that psychological state whereby a person demonstrates dissatisfaction with their sex of birth and the sex role, as socially defined, which applies to that sex, and who requests hormonal and surgical sex reassignment.
		Gender dysphoria, therefore, is the primary working diagnosis applied to any and all persons requesting surgical and hormonal sex reassignment.
		This evidence may be obtained by interview of the patient's appointed informant (friend or relative) or it may be obtained by the fact that the clinical behavioral scientist has professionally known the patient for an extended period of time.
	www.geekbabe.com /annie/feature/bsoc.html (3263 words)

	Untitled Document
		The current medical viewpoint, based on the most up-to-date scientific research, is that Gender Dysphoria, which in its extreme manifestation is known as transsexualism, is strongly associated with unusual neurodevelopment of the brain at the fetal stage.
		There is no evidence that raising children in contradiction to their visible sex characteristics causes Gender Dysphoria, nor can the condition be overridden by raising children in strict accordance with a gender role that is consistent with their visible sex.
		Gender Dysphoria, whilst it may be associated with a great deal of stress, is not caused by psychopathology or mental illness, rather, it may be understood to be a normal response to the internal conflict experienced by the individual.
	www.gires.org.uk /Web_Page_Assets/Gender_Dysphoria.htm (2396 words)

	Hysteroid Dysphoria
		The hysteroid dysphoria is characterized by repeated episodes of depressed mood in response to feeling rejected, and a craving for sweets and chocolate.
		AB - Hysteroid dysphoria has been described in outpatient populations and is thought to be a subtype of atypical depression involving rejection sensitivity and therapeutic response to monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
		The presence of hysteroid dysphoria was assessed, using a semistructured interview, in 18 depressed inpatients.
	www.psycom.net /hysteroid.html (2701 words)

	Gender Dysphoria
		The reason is simple, if one person discovers that gender dysphoria is a birth disorder and not a lifestyle or choice then it was worth it.
		The gender dysphoria section is based on pure research and is accurate to the best of my belief.
		One recommendation must come from a psychiatrist and the other from a psychologist who has a background in gender dysphoria or from a licensed social worker who has a Master Degree and is known for his or her work in gender dysphoria counseling.
	www.geocities.com /danne_32225/gender.htm (1375 words)

	Is Gender Dysphoria Dysphoric? (Article text)
		Anyone expressing a desire to change an important facet of their life might be suspected of being dysphoric about their current circumstances, but whether this presumed dysphoria actually exists, can be detected by our measurement instruments, and ever reaches the level of clinical depression are empirical questions.
		Accordingly, we thought it important to assess the extent to which CGN, as measured by FGI, is in fact associated with dysphoria and to that extent might account for some of the differences in depression observed between heterosexual and homosexual male samples.
		On the other hand, we have fairly strong evidence that gender dysphoria is dysphoric: It was the Core Gender Identity factor of the FGI that best accounted for the elevated levels of anxiety and depression seen in our sample.
	euclid.ucsd.edu /~weinrich/dysphoric.html (4362 words)

	BBC - Slink - Sex Love & Life - A-Z of You - Gender Dysphoria
		• Some children and teens who experience gender dysphoria find that their feelings change as they reach adulthood and they no longer have feelings of belonging to the wrong gender.
		People with gender dysphoria can be gay, straight or bisexual, just like anyone else.
		It may be rare, but so is having one blue eye and one brown eye (like Hollywood actress and Orlando's girlf Kate Bosworth: no one calls her a freak).
	www.bbc.co.uk /teens/girls/sexloveandlife/atozofyou/sexandbodyfiles/transgender.shtml (425 words)

	dysphoria Search Results From Healthline
		Medically speaking, dysphoria is also known as Dysphoric mood; Healthline has automatically provided search results for both terms.
		Dysphoria definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms.
		Uninvited Dilemma is the first book on gender dysphoria to be based on research rather than anecdote.
	www.healthline.com /search?q1=dysphoria (323 words)

	Transgender Surgery
		Whether it appears in males or females, Transsexualism and Gender Dysphoria have been recognized as real conditions for over forty years.
		In an attempt to bring higher awareness to this condition, in which a patient's gender perception cannot be reversed, Dr. Harry Benjamin, an endocrinologist, founded the Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association and developed guidelines that have become the standard for diagnosis.
		Still in use today, these guidelines include, but do not necessitate, successful living and working in a cross-gender role plus a referral from a therapist knowledgeable in transgender issues.
	drjamesreardon.com /dysphoria (563 words)

	Annex A, Standards of Care in the Treatment of Gender Dysphoria &Transsexualism
		If medical and/or administrative staff are unsure of how to address an individual, Mr, Miss, Ms, Mrs, it is better to ask The terms trans woman (male to female individual) and trans man (female to male individual) are used, in accordance with the preference of the trans communities.
		The diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria may be made by the GP, together with the patient concerned, when he or she expresses some level of inconsistency between the psychological identification as male or female, and the phenotype.
		If the GP feels unable to support a patient requiring treatment for gender dysphoria, prompt referral to a more empathetic local GP should be made.
	www.toddlertime.com /dx/ts/soc-a-1.htm (3796 words)

	Dysphoria Syndrome - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki
		Dysphoria Syndrome - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki
		Dysphoria Syndrome is a Quarren disease which is treated by means of an inocculation.
		Doctor Kadan was an expert in the condition.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Dysphoria_Syndrome (140 words)

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