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Topic: Dyspraxia of speech

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Occupational Therapist

	Dyspraxia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dyspraxia is a life-long developmental coordination disorder (DCD) that is more common in males than in females, and has been believed to affect 8% to 10% of all children (Dyspraxia Trust, 1991).
		Part of a continuum of related disorders, dyspraxia is also known as developmental co-ordination disorder, and may also be present in people with autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia and dyscalculia, among others.
		The speech therapist supports children whose dyspraxia has manifested in speech, and may provide a speech intervention program to be delivered in school.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dyspraxia (1434 words)

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		Speech features were elicited under imitative and spontaneous conditions in Subjects who were matched to controls for age and training.
		Speech intelligibility of the experimental Subjects was compared to that of 14 children who were profoundly hearing impaired who used conventional hearing aids or no sensory aid.
		Subjects' speech perception abilities were assessed with closed sets of vowels and consonants; open sets of words and sentences; and speech tracking for tactile plus lipreading, tactile, and lipreading conditions.
	mambo.ucsc.edu /psl/tactile_speech.txt (13082 words)

	Parenting and Child Health - Health Topics - Dyspraxia
		Different sounds of speech are made by precisely positioning the lips, tongue, soft palate (the 'roof' of the mouth), teeth and cheeks by rapid movements of small muscles.
		Dyspraxia may also be known as 'developmental verbal apraxia' or 'developmental apraxia of speech'.
		In this topic dyspraxia refers only to a speech difficulty, but the word dyspraxia can also be used for various difficulties with precise muscle control of the rest of the body, planning and control of movements.
	www.cyh.com /HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114&np=306&id=1937 (1218 words)

	SPEECH THERAPY
		Speech delay and/or dysfunction are considered to be a primary symptom of autistic spectrum disorders.
		The issue is usually lack of speech due to an apparent inability to understand speech as a vehicle for symbolic communication.
		Speech therapy should be tailored to fit the child and the problem.
	www.bbbautism.com /speech_therapy.htm (373 words)

	Pacific Speech & Language - Frequently Asked Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Childhood apraxia of speech is referred to as Developmental Apraxia of Speech, or DAS (a.k.a.
		Apraxia of speech is characterized by errors in: speech sequences (e.g., “tuk” for cut), multisyllabic words and longer phrases/sentences, and prosody (pitch, duration, and timing).
		Developmental Apraxia of Speech (DAS) is controversial because it cannot be objectively diagnosed as it is in the adult form.
	www.pacificsl.com /FAQs.php (1367 words)

	What is Dyspraxia, and how can Dore help? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		With Dyspraxia there is often a difficulty in co-ordinating the left and right sides of the body and also between the upper and lower body.
		Many speech symptoms are managed through early speech therapy training but this does not deal with the underlying cerebellar disorder.
		Dyspraxia can often occur in children born prematurely and results in an immaturity of brain and cerebellar development.
	www.ddat.co.uk /dyspraxia_def.aspx (740 words)

	Childhood Speech Impairments, Phonology, Articulation, Dyspraxia
		This may be caused by a problem in the mouth or nose structures that are used during speech, such as a cleft palate or a severe "tongue tie", or they may be caused by an abnormality in the function of the muscles or nerves involved in the production of speech, such as cerebral palsy.
		Childhood apraxia of speech used to be defined as an inability to perform the very fast and skilled mouth/tongue movements for speech when there are no hearing or other perception or motor problems and other mouth/tongue movements that do not involve speech sounds, such as sucking or swallowing, are normal.
		Speech pathologists have a variety of approaches for treating speech impairments in children.
	www2.fhs.usyd.edu.au /csd/clinic/child_speech.htm (901 words)

	Greater Atlanta Speech and Language Clinics, Inc.
		A speech disorder is characterized by difficulty producing sounds (articulation), dysfluent speech, and voice difficulties.
		Hippotherapy is a physical, occupational or speech therapy treatment strategy that utilizes equine movement.
		Speech may be incoherent and the child may be slow to learn to speak.
	www.greateratlantaspeech.com /faq.htm (926 words)

	LEARNING ABOUT THE SPEECH CENTER
		The speech and language we take for granted every day is actually a fantastic web of elements that involve the brain, nerves, lungs, throat, vocal cords, palate, nose, jaw, tongue, teeth and lips all working in wondrous coordination with each other and within split second timing.
		The physical elements of speech must be in sync with the thinking/processing parts of the brain so that our ideas can be voiced, or communicated, and come to fruition through the coordination of this well-developed system.
		A speech pathologist specializing in pediatrics and with specific clinical knowledge in the areas of concern for your child provides the treatment.
	www.childspeech.net /l_i.html (3593 words)

	About Dyspraxia, Speech and Language Therapy
		Oral dyspraxia means a reduced ability to voluntarily control single or sequenced silent movements of the lips, tongue or soft palate.
		In the UK the term apraxia of speech usually refers to children who have a severe disorder and are not talking at all (from the Greek a- meaning ‘without’).
		A child with speech dyspraxia may also have fine or gross motor dyspraxia so that they lack control and co-ordination of movements involving the fingers and limbs.
	www.dyspraxiatherapy.co.uk /about_dyspraxia.html (332 words)

	Australian Dyspraxia Association Inc.
		Dyspraxia is a motor planning disorder, not a muscular deficit.
		Dyspraxia is believed to be an immaturity of parts of the motor cortex (area of the brain) that prevents messages from being properly transmitted to the body.
		Dyspraxia affects up to 10% of the population with approximately 70% of those effected being boys.
	www.dyspraxia.com.au (444 words)

	What is Developmental Apraxia of Speech
		DAS is a speech disorder that interferes with a child's ability to correctlypronounce sounds, syllables and words.
		Without speech therapy, the child's communication skills may improve as he grows older, but his speech will still be filled with errors and be difficult to understand.
		Remember that he does not have consistent voluntary control over his speech and may not be able to say a word correctly even though he wants to and even though he said it correctly ten minutes ago.
	www.tayloredmktg.com /dyspraxia/das.shtml (2466 words)

	Apraxia (Dyspraxia) References
		Assessment of children with developmental apraxia of speech: a rationale.
		Assessment of children with developmental apraxia of speech: a procedure.
		Unusual and subtle phonological behavior in the speech of phonologically disordered children.
	www.faughnan.com /apraxiarefs.html (779 words)

	Speech & Language Therapy Services Provided - St. Petersburg, Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Motor Speech Disorders - Apraxia (dyspraxia), also known as motor speech disorder, is a problem with motor coordination or motor planning.
		A person with this speech problem has difficulty moving the muscles and structures necessary to form speech sounds into words.
		Speech therapists can help an individual achieve and improved their understanding and/or verbal expression of language following a stroke or head injury.
	www.stanthonys.com /1863.cfm (227 words)

	Dyspraxia of Speech in Children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Particularly if a child habitually withholds speech or is reticent or unconfident in speech or aspects of it (see Children's Avoidance and Speech / Language / Developmental problems) it may become more difficult for him or her to articulate words.
		It was concluded, from detailed observations over a 25 year period of the behaviour and attributes of children referred for speech and language therapy, that one common factor is tension or anxiety and the manner in which it is expressed, and that this may be a major genetic factor.
		When considering verbal dyspraxia, it is important to acknowledge that in some tense or anxious children auditory impressions of words may have been poorly or erroneously absorbed and there can be retrieval problems; motor programming of the words can be poor.
	www.reasonsandremedies.co.uk /dyspraxia.html (2075 words)

	Dyspraxia Foundation - Speech and Language
		The condition is termed developmental verbal dyspraxia: it may occur in isolation or in conjunction with general motor difficulties.
		Children with speech and /or language difficulties should be referred to a Speech and Language Therapist as early as possible.
		Speech and language therapists carry out assessments, can identify a child's presenting difficulties and advise on management and support.
	www.dyspraxiafoundation.org.uk /services/dys_speech.php (146 words)

	Information about Dyspraxia, Speech and Language Therapy
		Therapy for oral or verbal dyspraxia is structured and includes work on speech discrimination, speech sound awareness, production of single sounds, simple and complex words, sentences and connected speech.
		Invaluable therapy tools include picture symbols which represent the consonant and vowel sounds in speech, finger cues which make the child aware of how the tongue and lips are placed when making a sound, and pictures and toys representing target words.
		Speech and language therapy programmes are designed and provided with materials for use at home, nursery or school.
	www.dyspraxiatherapy.co.uk /dyspraxia_therapy.html (313 words)

	Understanding Apraxia - Apraxia-KIDS
		Speech and language pathologists have mentioned that it is very rare and fairly unheard of for a child to have oral apraxia without verbal apraxia/dyspraxia.
		The meaning of this word in relationship to apraxia/dyspraxia of speech means that the child is experiencing the difficulty in nonspeech and speech movement when they are very consciously aware of trying to make movements or they are attempting movements when requested by others.
		Coexisting deficits for expressive language, psychoacoustic processing, and motor execution are likely to occur in both acquired apraxia of speech and DAS (developmental apraxia of speech) because of the proximity of the neural structures underlying each of these processes to those that generate programs for praxis.
	www.apraxia-kids.org /site/apps/nl/content3.asp?c=chKMI0PIIsE&b=787891&ct=464119 (813 words)

	Dyspraxia Foundation - For Speech Therapisis
		Developmental verbal dyspraxia is a condition where the child has difficulties in making and co-ordinating the precise movements, which are used in the production of spoken language, although there is no damage to muscles or nerves.
		It has been suggested that therapists consider a label of developmental verbal dyspraxia when they are faced with a child with a speech disorder, who presents as a puzzle.
		Dyspraxia: A Guide for Teachers and Parents by Ripley, Daines and Barrett (1997) Chapter 5 is on speech and language and includes a useful section on feeding.
	www.dyspraxiafoundation.org.uk /professionals/pr_speech.php (196 words)

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		Alaryngeal speech is achieved following a laryngectomy through the use of an external vibratory source such as an electrolarynx or an internal vibratory source such as that created by a tracheoesophageal puncture.
		Apraxia (also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia) is a speech disorder in which a person has difficulty producing speech accurately and consistently for reasons other than weakness or paralysis of the muscles that control speech.
		Stuttering is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is interrupted by frequent repetitions or prolongations of speech sounds, syllables or words, or by an individual's inability to start a word.
	www.lahey.org /Medical/VoiceCenter/VoiceCenter_SpeechDisorders.asp (256 words)

	Center for Speech and Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Our mission is: "To promote the interests of and provide the highest quality services for professionals in audiology, speech-language pathology, and speech and hearing science, and to advocate for people with communication disabilities".
		Apraxia-Kids is the Internet's most comprehensive site for information on developmental apraxia of speech (verbal dyspraxia) and children's speech and language topics, including evaluation, therapy and other childhood communication topics.
		Invaluable for parents, speech language pathologists, teachers and all those who care about a child with apraxia.
	www.speechlanguage.com /links.htm (510 words)

	Speech Delay Discussion Forum - Confronting a teacher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		His report was actually better than his brother's at the same age (his brother was also speech delayed, but now speaks and interacts normally for his age).
		The speech therapist says this school has a good reputation, but over the last three years the quality of learning support has declined.
		He is getting speech therapy privately now and he is coming along really well, he's a very smart little boy.
	www.speechdelay.com /cgi-bin/ikonboard/topic.cgi?forum=11&topic=76 (882 words)

	Apraxia of Speech, Verbal Apraxia, Causes of Dyspraxia
		Apraxia of speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, is a speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently.
		It is not due to weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles (the muscles of the face, tongue, and lips).
		Apraxia of Speech, Verbal Apraxia, Causes of Dyspraxia.
	www.habibintl.com /apraxia-speech.htm (472 words)

	Speech Disorders
		The Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists is "responsible for the promotion and maintenance of high standards in the education, clinical practice and ethical conduct of speech and language therapists." The site provides details of accredited courses, postgraduate educational opportunities, publications and press releases.
		Speech and Language Therapy in Practice ('Speechmag') is a UK based quarterly journal for practicing speech and language therapists and students.
		Suggestions are included for activities to use with children who have speech or language disorders, aimed at nurturing and developing pre-literacy skills; phonetic awareness; phonological awareness; and metalinguistic skills.
	omni.ac.uk /browse/mesh/D013064.html (2658 words)

	Early Expressions -- Francie Bluming, Speech and Language Pathologist
		A speech and language pathologist is a specialist in human communication, its development, and its disorders.
		Early evaluation and treatment of speech and language problems are key to avoiding unnecessary complications that can arise when these problems remain untreated.
		Specifically, speech and language therapy is conducted in the child’s home, daycare center, or nursery/preschool.
	www.earlyexpressions.com (463 words)

	IOM Letter
		The condition can vary from severe speech restrictions to limited speech output, to speech which is unintelligible and difficult to decode, all depending on the level of difficulty experienced in coordinating oral movements required for sound and speech production.
		An analysis of professional anecdotal case reports provided by speech pathologists was presented to a scientific panel of experts at a CHERAB Foundation emergency fact finding conference held on July 23-24, 2001 in Morristown, New Jersey.
		The Cherab Foundation, headquartered in Gillette, New Jersey is devoted to verbal apraxia (or dyspraxia of speech) and related speech and language disorders.
	www.shop-in-service.com /iom_letter.htm (1534 words)

	IASLT - Dyspraxia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Speech and language therapists provide services to children and adults who have communication difficulties.
		Children with dyspraxia know what they want to say- but they cannot co-ordinate the muscle movement easily.
		There are many reasons why a child does not develop speech and language, dyspraxia is only one of them.
	extranet.hebe.ie /IASLT/InfoLeaflets/Dyspraxia (268 words)

	Hearing-Speech-Smell-Taste Glossary
		Dysarthria - group of speech disorders caused by disturbances in the strength or coordination of the muscles of the speech mechanism as a result of damage to the brain or nerves.
		Dyspraxia of Speech - in individuals with normal muscle tone and speech muscle coordination, partial loss of the ability to consistently pronounce words.
		Speech disorders may develop from nerve injury to the brain (Read about "Stroke" "Head Injury") muscular paralysis, structural defects, hysteria, or mental retardation.
	www.stayinginshape.com /3osfcorp/libv/p21.shtml (3708 words)

	Dyspraxia
		People with dyspraxia find it difficult to plan and automate movements and often the more they think about it the less co-ordinated they become.
		Dyspraxia can affect speech, gross motor and fine motor skills.
		Creating a safe learning environment and breaking down movements into small parts for practice can help people with dyspraxia to overcome some of their difficulties.
	www.bibic.org.uk /newsite/about/conditions/dyspraxia.htm (132 words)

	speech apraxia and my son (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Please feel free to contact me. My son is five and has speech apraxia (sometimes called developmental apraxia of speech or dyspraxia).
		He was with another speech therpaist who did not diagnose the apraxia (ages 2 - 3) and therefore the therapy she gave was inappropriate.
		Hopefully, your son's therapist has explained to you that speech apraxia is a motor speech disorder in which the child has the inability or difficulty sequencing or organizing the motor movements/patterns needed to produce volitional speech.
	neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu /neurowebforum/GeneralFeedbackArticles/speechapraxiaandmyson.html (270 words)

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