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	Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dzerzhinsky was born into a noble family in Kojdanów (today: Dziarzhynovo) estate (near Ivianets and Rakau in Western Belarus which used to be part of Poland), then part of the Russian Empire.
		Dzerzhinsky died of a heart attack on July 20, 1926 in Moscow.
		Plac Dzierżyńskiego), was hated by the population of the Polish capital as a symbol of soviet oppression and was topled down in 1989, as soon as the PZPR started losing power, the square's name was soon changed to its pre-second world war name "Plac Bankowy" (pl.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Felix_Edmundovich_Dzerzhinskiy (687 words)

	Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky
		Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (Феликс Эдмундович Дзержинский; September 11, 1877 - July 20, 1926) was a Polish Communist revolutionary, famous as the founder of the Bolshevik security police, the Cheka, later known as the KGB.
		Dzerzhinsky was born into a bourgeois Polish family in a town of Koidanow (now Dzyarzhynsk), then part of the Russian Empire, now part of Belarus.
		Dzerzhinsky died of a heart attack in July, 1926.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/felix_edmundovich_dzerzhinsky (656 words)

	Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (Belarusian language Феліск Эдмундавіч Дзяржынскі, Polish: Feliks Dzierżyński, Russian: Феликс Эдмундович Дзержинский; September 11 (August 30, O.S. July 20, 1926) was a Polish Communist revolutionary, famous as the founder of the Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka, later known by many names.
		Dzerzhinsky was born into a family of nobles in Dziarzhynovo estate (near Ivianets and Rakau in Western Belarus which used to be part of Poland), then part of the Russian Empire.
		His name and image were widely used throughout the KGB and the Soviet Union—there were six towns named after him.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Dzerzhinsky (597 words)

	Historical Gallery
		The towering statue of Dzerzhinsky was erected in the square in 1958, the depths of the Cold War.
		Dzerzhinsky is known as the architect of a campaign of mass arrests and executions called the Red Terror, which the Bolsheviks used to consolidate their power between 1917 and 1923.
		Dzerzhinsky died in 1926, but he had set the patterns that generations of Soviet secret police would follow.
	www.artukraine.com /historical/symb_terr.htm (1358 words)

	Honor for KGB founder : Melbourne Indymedia
		The toppling of the original Dzerzhinsky statue in August 1991 from its plinth in Lubyanka Square in front of the KGB's headquarters was an epoch-defining moment.
		But Dzerzhinsky, a Pole by birth, is better remembered for his ruthlessness, his unswerving brutality and for his many victims.
		Dzerzhinsky also set up the first Soviet labour camps, later to become known as the gulags, on the remote Solovetsky Islands south of the Arctic Circle.
	melbourne.indymedia.org /print.php?id=79002 (539 words)

	Jacob Peters and Fedore Dzerzhinsky by Louise Bryant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Dzerzhinsky is a Pole, forty-four years of age, with an unusually classical background for a Chief Executioner.
		Dzerzhinsky is far too reserved to be an orator and I doubt if he understands the meaning of revenge.
		In appearance Dzerzhinsky is tall and noticeably delicate, with white slender hands, long straight nose, a pale countenance and the drooping eyelids of the over-bred and super-refined.
	www.marxists.org /archive/bryant/works/1923-mom/dzerzhin.htm (4449 words)

	Lawful terror: The Cheka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Years after his death, Felix Dzerzhinsky would be placed in the KGB pantheon of heroic figures of the Russian revolution.
		Dzerzhinsky was probably best described by his contemporaries as a steadfast workaholic.
		Dzerzhinsky and many of his associates believed that the use of terror was not directed against individuals but against bourgeoisie as a class.
	aia.lackland.af.mil /homepages/pa/spokesman/Mar02/heritage.cfm (1943 words)

	Luzhkov Wants to Resurrect Iron Felix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The 15-ton bronze statue, one of the most controversial and notorious icons of the Soviet past, was toppled from its pedestal near the former headquarters of the KGB by jubilant pro-democracy protesters after the failed coup by Communist hard-liners in August 1991.
		Dzerzhinsky, who died in 1926, was one of the ideologists and organizers of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and the first leader of the Cheka, the precursor to the KGB.
		The Dzerzhinsky statue was erected in 1958 by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and was a landmark in Soviet times.
	www.eng.yabloko.ru /Publ/2002/papers/moscow-times-160902.html (721 words)

	Felix Dzerzhinsky
		Dzerzhinsky was arrested in 1897 but managed to escape from Siberia two years later.
		Dzerzhinsky was arrested again and spent another nine years in Siberia until being released as a result of the political amnesty that followed the February Revolution and played an active role in the October Revolution.
		In December, 1917, Vladimir Lenin appointed Dzerzhinsky as Commissar for Internal Affairs and head of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage (Cheka).
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSDzerzhinsky.htm (1045 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Europe / Soviet secret police monument opened (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The memorial complex includes a museum and a bust of Dzerzhinsky, which stands not far from the foundation of the home where Dzerzhinsky was born.
		Dzerzhinsky, deeply reviled by critics of the Soviet era, helped establish the first Soviet secret service, called the Cheka, in 1917 under Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin.
		He died in 1926, and a statue of "Iron Felix" stood outside the KGB headquarters in Moscow until it was torn down during the failed hard-line coup of August 1991 that sped the collapse of the Soviet Union.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2004/10/07/soviet_secret_police_monument_opened (351 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Answering critics that Dzerzhinsky was a "butcher" who killed millions of his fellow citizens, Luzhkov "downplayed" Dzerzhinsky's role in the deaths that occurred in the early years of the Russian Revolution.
		Dzerzhinsky, on Lenin's orders, set up the first communist intelligence service in 1917, predating the establishment of the Soviet Union, which came into being in December 1922.
		While press accounts generally report that Dzerzhinsky founded what later became the Russian intelligence services, and that he had a fearsome reputation, the public is left unaware of the kind of man or type of organization that still retains the admiration of Russia's professional spies.
	www.inatoday.com /felix.htm (660 words)

	Telegraph \| Arts \| Literary mass-murderers
		Dzerzhinsky and Stalin shared much, despite their differences (Dzerzhinsky was a Polish nobleman while Stalin was a Georgian cobbler's son).
		Dzerzhinsky's heir was Viacheslav Menzhinsky, a strange, scholarly freak, the second "hangman" and the next of Stalin's irreplaceable allies.
		The portraits of Dzerzhinsky and Menzhinsky, in particular, are outstanding.
	www.arts.telegraph.co.uk /arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2004/03/14/boray14.xml&sSheet=/arts/2004/03/14.bomain.html (811 words)

	Paranoia, terror cost Soviet Union dearly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Following a glowing tribute to himself in one of his fire-eating speeches at a plenum of the Central Committee July 20, 1926, Felix Dzerzhinsky collapsed and died of a fatal heart attack.
		Dzerzhinsky's unexpected demise came nearly at the precise moment Joseph Stalin emerged victorious from the succession struggle that followed Lenin's third stroke which left him unable to function politically.
		He had joined the Cheka in its early stages of development and later became Dzerzhinsky's first deputy chairman when the OGPU was founded in July 1923.
	aia.lackland.af.mil /homepages/pa/spokesman/Apr02/heritage.cfm (1618 words)

	Oscar Fricke: The Dzerzhinsky Commune: Birth of the Soviet 35 mm Camera Industry
		In June 1927, Makarenko was invited by the Ukrainian police to supervise the organization of the Dzerzhinsky Commune on the outskirts of Kharkov.
		Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (1877-1926), whose initials the camera would bear, was the founder and first leader of the Soviet secret police, or Cheka as it was originally called, from the time of its inception in late 1917.
		In a chronology written for the fifth anniversary of the Dzerzhinsky Commune (celebrated on 29th December 1932), Makarenko was considerably more specific: on 2nd June 1932, planning for the production of Leica cameras was formally begun; on 21st June, a special experimental department for the manufacture of Leicas was established at the commune [28].
	www.fedka.com /Useful_info/Commune_by_Fricke/commune_A.htm (9094 words)

	Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky Biography / Biography of Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky Biography Biography
		Felix Dzerzhinsky was born in Poland of a landholding family.
		The Cheka is generally regarded as the principal instrument of "Red terror" during the course of the civil war.
		Although his opinions on policy frequently varied from those of Lenin, Dzerzhinsky's obedience to established policy seems to have been complete, and he held a large number and range of offices during the unsettled postrevolutionary days.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-felix-edmundovich-dzerzhinsky (531 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Statue plan stirs Russian row
		The statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky was removed in 1991, following the collapse of the coup against the then Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev.
		There is now a division between those who see Dzerzhinsky as an historical figure and those who believe that restoring the statue would give credibility to the terror he caused.
		Mr Luzhkov's suggestion that Dzerzhinsky should be returned to his plinth has illustrated just how difficult Russians still find it to come to terms with their recent past.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/2273462.stm (446 words)

	5
		Dzerzhinsky became known as the "Champion of the Revolution." Lenin referred to him as a "Proletarian Jacobin." Under Dzerzhinsky, robbers, White terrorists, and other saboteurs were routed and disarmed by the early CheKa men, refuting the views in Russia and abroad that the Soviets had no law and order.
		The first Draconian measures the Bolsheviks employed did not rise to the level of what might be called terror against terrorists but may be identified as the confiscation of grain to avoid the starvation and famine the Whites conspired to create to overthrow the new regime.
		At the height of all this, Lenin was shot, Uritsky assassinated, and Dzerzhinsky kidnapped.
	www.geocities.com /redcomrades/chap22.html (4394 words)

	The Degeneration of the Soviet Secret Police - From Guardians to Executioners
		Dzerzhinsky’s record was not pristine: he allied himself with Stalin in seeking to strengthen the central apparatus at the expense of the national rights of the non-Russian peoples of the USSR, notably the Georgians.
		I fear that Dzerzhinsky too...has distinguished himself by his truly Russian state of mind (it is well known that Russified aliens are always much more Russian than the Russians themselves).’’ When Lenin was on his deathbed, he appealed to Trotsky to carry out a fight in the Central Committee against Stalin, Dzerzhinsky and Ordzhonikidze.
		Dzerzhinsky died as the conservative bureaucratic faction headed by Joseph Stalin was consolidating its grip on the USSR.
	www.bolshevik.org /1917/no10/no10kgb.html (4478 words)

	The Cheka and the Institutionalization of Violence
		Believing that Dzerzhinsky intended to implement this "organized terror" with no more powers than a glorified landlord is difficult.
		One of the main factors assisting Dzerzhinsky and the Cheka in the consolidation and expansion of their power was the relative lack of law in both tsarist and Communist Russia.
		The Cheka concentrates in its hands the entire work of intelligence, suppression and prevention of crimes, but the entire subsequent conduct of the investigation and the presentation of the case to the court is entrusted to the Investigatory Commission of the [Revolutionary] Tribunal.
	www.faits-et-documents.com /bilan_communisme/cheka01.htm (2321 words)

	FINAL revised copy of this
		Dzerzhinsky was the head of the VeCheKa or CheKa in 10/28/18.
		The GPU had new duties of which Dzerzhinsky was put in charge: set up all of the economic sector Narkomats (NK's) and the CheKa was directly involved in cooperating with the various Soviets (Councils) in these economic institutions.
		Dzerzhinsky said this was a thankless job, extremely stressful, and he was educated and experienced.
	www.geocities.com /redcomrades/nkvdinfo.html (2835 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Liberals fight return of KGB memorial
		The statue was erected in 1958 by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich and was a landmark in Soviet times before it was lifted off its pedestal in 1991 by protestors using a crane borrowed from the US embassy.
		Dzerzhinsky set up the Cheka in December 1917 and launched the "Red Terror" the following year where thousands were executed at random.
		The Cheka was eventually transformed into the KGB, which was in turn replaced by the FSB in the early 1990s.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/09/17/wkgb17.xml&secureRefresh=true&_requestid=217769 (242 words)

	The Globe and Mail: Fear factor: Back in the USSR
		Dzerzhinsky has not yet been returned to his old plinth on Lubyanka Square, although that has been suggested by Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov.
		Dzerzhinsky's name with a time when Russia was a great power and life was predictable.
		Dzerzhinsky wasn't the first secret-services icon to have his reputation and monument restored.
	www.theglobeandmail.com /servlet/story/RTGAM.20041120.wxcentre20/BNStory/International (780 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: Opinion :: The Return of Iron Felix
		Dzerzhinsky, you see, was to Soviet mass violence what Goering and Heinrich Himmler were to the Nazi Holocaust.
		Since Dzerzhinsky was, along with Vladimir Lenin, the driving impetus behind this savagery, he was given the nickname “Iron Felix.” At his orders, captured “enemies” of the regime were often sent to forced labor and concentration camps or else just summarily killed in their jail cells.
		This would be absolute nonsense—just as it is nonsense to argue that Dzerzhinsky’s supposed role in combating homelessness and destitution, however substantial that may or may not have been, is more historically relevant than his creation of a secret police force that tortured, maimed and killed on a genocidal scale.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=255138 (704 words)

	ljonn.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A revolutionary born in Lithuania in 1877, Dzerzhinsky spent more than half of his life in Russian prisons before ascending to the role of terrormaster for the new Soviet state.
		For Dzerzhinsky, terror was a positive, utopian act designed to purify society of counter-revolutionary elements.
		A statue of Dzerzhinsky was erected in 1958 in Lubianka Square (at the time Dzerzhinsky Square, renamed in 1926 after his death) in front of KGB headquarters - an imposing stone reminder of the "Red Terror" that helped create the USSR.
	www.ljonn.com /russia.html (1056 words)

	Pravda.RU Towards the 125th birthday anniversary of Felix Dzerzhinsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Dzerzhinsky took an active part in the October coup: he controlled posts and the telegraph, and provided communication for Smolny.
		On Dzerzhinsky's proposal a commission for fighting counter-revolution, consisting of five members, was organised under the Military-Revolutionary Committee, and the All-Russia Extraordinary Commission (VChK) for fighting counter-revolution and sabotage was set up under the Soviet of People's Commissars on December 20, 1917.
		Soviet statesman and politician Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky was born on September 11 (August 30), 1977 in the Dzerzhinovo estate of the Oshmyansky district of the Vilno province into a gentry family.
	english.pravda.ru /culture/2002/09/11/36374.html (2331 words)

	Russian London / Russia KGB founder honoured / (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Dzerzhinsky was nicknamed Iron Felix, but this statue is actually bronze and will stand outside the town's palace of culture.
		As every Russian school child knows, Felix Dzerzhinsky played an active part in the October Revolution and founded the Cheka - or All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage - to give the body its full name.
		It was later renamed the NKVD before becoming the KGB and throughout the Communist era was the most feared arm of the Soviet apparatus, abducting, torturing and killing many thousands of people.
	www.russianlondon.com /print/22117 (223 words)

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