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Topic: Dzongkha

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	Dzongkha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The word "dzongkha" means the language (kha, ཁ་) spoken in the dzong (རྫོང་), dzongs being the fortress-like monasteries established throughout Bhutan by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel in the 17th century.
		Dzongkha and its dialects are the native tongue of eight western districts of Bhutan (viz.
		Dzongkha study is mandatory in all schools in Bhutan, and the language is the lingua franca in the districts to the south and east where it is not the mother tongue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dzongkha_language (548 words)

	Bhutan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dzongkha (and Tibetan) name for the country is Druk Yul ("Land of the Dragon").
		The national language is Dzongkha, one of 53 languages in the Tibetan language family.
		Lepcha is spoken in parts of western Bhutan; Tshangla, a close relative of Dzongkha, is widely spoken in the eastern parts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bhutan (5265 words)

	Bhutan - Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hindi is understood among Bhutanese educated in India and was the language of instruction in the schools at Ha and Bumthang in the early 1930s as well as in the first schools in the "formal" education system from the beginning of the 1960s.
		Dzongkha was taught in grades one through twelve in the 1980s.
		The Department of Education declared in 1979 that because Dzongkha was the national language, it was "the responsibility of each and every Bhutanese to learn Dzongkha." To aid in language study, the department also published a Dzongkha dictionary in 1986.
	countrystudies.us /bhutan/20.htm (400 words)

	Language Log: Microsoft Outlaws Dzongkha
		It simply isn't true that Dzongkha is a dialect of Tibetan in the sense in which dialect is usually used.
		The language Dzongkha, literally "language of the fortress", is a South Bodish language related to Dränjoke [a language of Sikkim] and, more distantly, to Tibetan.
		China objects to the language name Dzongkha because of an imaginary association with the leader of the legitimate government of its Tibetan colony.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/002619.html (1312 words)

	Dzongkha language and culture
		Dzongkha At the request of the Royal Government of Bhutan, George van Driem produced a linguistic description of Dzongkha, the national language of the Kingdom of Bhutan.
		Dzongkha is the national language of the kingdom of Bhutan.
		Dzongkha (Leiden 1998) The Yamphu Rai are a Kiranti tribe of the Himalayas of Eastern Nepal.
	www.lonweb.org /link-dzongkha.htm (1991 words)

	Bhutan Language, National Language of Bhutan, Official Language of Bhutan
		Dzongkha is the national language of Bhutan spoken in most parts of Bhutan and Nepali is spoken by the people of southern Bhutan who are of Nepalese origin.
		Although Dzongkha is a major subject in schools, English has taken precedence over Dzongkha in terms of students' interest and their literacy, because most of the subjects like mathematics, science and geography are taught in English.
		Since Dzongkha is not written using Roman characters and many sounds in the language do not have a match in the English language, it becomes tedious to write the exact pronunciation translation in English.
	bhutan.saarctourism.org /bhutan-language.html (469 words)

	Dzongkha l10n (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dzongkha, Sometimes called Bhutanese, is the national language of Kingdom of Bhutan.
		Dzongkha is written using the letters of the same script used for writing the Tibetan language (\x0F00 - \x0FCF).
		Dzongkha is written syllable by syllable, with each syllable separated by a TSHEG (\x0F0B) or its equivalent.
	www.nongnu.org /dzongkha-gnome (290 words)

	Dzongkha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dzongkha is the modern Bhutanese vernacular language derived from Old Tibetan through many centuries of separate evolution on Bhutanese soil.
		The Dzongkha grammar in English was meant to serve both as a reference grammar and as a language textbook.
		The Dzongkha Development Commission in Thimphu also commissioned George van Driem to devise a phonological romanization of the national language for the rendering of Dzongkha in the Roman alphabet.
	www.iias.nl /host/himalaya/projects/dzongkha.html (514 words)

	RAOnline Bhutan: Dzongkha - National Language in danger
		"If Dzongkha remains complicated, it isÝbecause people do not show interest in learning it, supposedly because of the psychological fear that it is difficult." Dzongkha, he said, will become the language for the commoner only if people try to eliminate the psychological fear or combatÝthe "dzongkha phobia".
		Dzongkha, in his view, has regained its status as the national language.
		The dzongkha development commission is planning to publish and release the new dictionary in 2002.
	www.raonline.ch /pages/bt/visin/bt_dzongkha01b.html (1154 words)

	RAOnline Bhutan: Dzongkha - Development of Dzongkha dictionaries
		In absence of Dzongkha typewriters, all typed English entries were followed by meanings in Dzongkha, which were laboriously written in longhand.
		Choeked is the basis of written Dzongkha, and therefore, Dzongkha dictionaries, in their origin heavily rely on Choeked.
		A Guide to Dzongkha in Roman Alphabet written in 1971 by Lt. Rinchen Tshering (RBA) and Major A. Daityar (IMTRAT), A Manual of Spoken Dzongkha by Imaeda Yoshiro and Dzongkha Rabsel Lamzang published by the DDC in 1990 are a few examples.
	www.raonline.ch /pages/bt/visin/bt_dzongkha01b2.html (944 words)

	Students for a Free Tibet : Microsoft Bows to Chinese Pressure on Bhutan Tibet Link
		The state religion is the Drukpa Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and Dzongkha, a Tibetan dialect, is the official language.
		Dzongkha has a linguistic relationship to modern Tibetan in a similar way to that between Spanish and Italian.
		The use of the word Dzongkha was graded by Microsoft as a 'ship-stopper', which means that a product may not be produced in any form until the problem is resolved.
	www.studentsforafreetibet.org /article.php?id=735 (456 words)

	Language of Bhutan: Jachung Travel
		The official language of Bhutan is Dzongkha, which is derived from Tibetan.
		Because Dzongkha is not written with Roman characters, and because there are many sounds in Dzongkha that do not have an English equivalent, it is difficult to write the exact pronunciation translations in English.
		The vowels in Dzongkha are pronounced as follows: "a" as in "mama," "e" as the "ey" in "they," "i" as in "bit," "o" as in "go," and "u" as the "oo" in "look."
	www.jachungtravel.com /language.html (260 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The state-run and sole newspaper Kuensel's website reported on Thursday that experts on Dzongkha, the national tongue which is close to Tibetan, were studying suitable replacements for encroaching English words, many of them in the hi-tech sphere.
		The linguists, for example, have decided to do away with the English "computer" and instead introduce "logrig," which combines Dzongkha words to translate literally as "an intelligent machine run by electricity." Modernisers keep their kilos Not everyone is convinced the exercise is necessary.
		But Gyatso is optimistic that new indigenous terms can move seamlessly into written and spoken Dzongkha within 10 to 15 years, particularly if more emphasis is given to the national language in schools.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art2831.txt (418 words)

	Ethnologue report for Bhutan
		Dialects: Lexical similarity 77% with Dzongkha, 62% to 65% with Bumthangkha, 41% with Tshangla.
		East of Dzongkha, in lower areas of Monggar District, Tsamang and Tsakaling villages, and Lhuntsi District, Kurmet village.
		Lexical similarity 75% to 85% with Bumthangkha, 70% with Kurtokha and Nyengkha, 65% with Adap, 34% with Dzongkha, 40% with Sharchagpakha, and Chacangacakha, 28% with Tibetan, 22% with Tshangla, 75% to 100% between dialects.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Bhutan (738 words)

	THDL Inputting Tools: Dzongkha Unicode Keyboard for Windows XP
		Dzongkha Unicode Keyboard for Windows XP Based on layout designed jointly by the Dzongkha Development Authority and Department of Information Technology, Royal Government of Bhutan, Chris Fynn has created a Windows XP system keyboard that may be used for input of Dzongkha or Tibetan Unicode text in Microsoft Windows applications.
		The Dzongkha input method (keyboard) is now assigned to that language and it will appear as "Faroese" or "Konkani" (or whichever language you selected) in your taskbar.
		Note: This Dzongkha keyboard was created, and may be modified, using Microsoft's Keyboard Layout Creator (MSKLC) - the MSKLC source file (kbd_Dz.klc) is contained in the archive.
	www.thdl.org /tools/dzkeyboard.html (366 words)

	CNWS publications - Leiden University
		This Dzongkha textbook by George van Driem provides a practical introduction to the national language of Bhutan for both linguist and layman.
		The script, phonology and grammar of Dzongkha are explained at length in eight chapters.
		The phonological romanization officially known as Roman Dzongkha, employed throughout the book, makes the course suitable both for learners who wish to master the Bhutanese script as well as for those who wish to acquire only a spoken command of the language.
	www.cnwspublications.com /areastudies/asia-oceania3.asp (1803 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		17, 2004 Bhutan's national language Dzongkha continues to be the preferred spoken language in the country but, as the tiny Himalayan kingdom opens out to the world, English dominates as the language for reading and writing among high school students and educators.
		For example, a high school student spoke in his or her mother tongue at home with family and spoke English with the teachers, Dzongkha or a mix of different languages among friends, and preferred watching Hindi programmes on television.
		The study further states that while Dzongkha was a dominant language in religion and recreation domain, Nepali was the language of transportation where most public transport drivers spoke the language and Hindi was the preferred language of media and entertainment.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art5093.txt (315 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Travel \| Ask a traveller \| Anyone heard of Zonka?
		· Dzongkha is the language of the ruling Drukpa ethnic group in Bhutan, and hence the official language of the country.
		Dzongkha is only the mother tongue in the western part of the country.
		If her cousin is going to stay in the west of Bhutan and wants to learn some basic Dzongkha before going, it might be worth trying the library of the School of Oriental and Asian Studies.
	travel.guardian.co.uk /askatraveller/story/0,8915,530783,00.html (557 words)

	Kuenselonline - Making Dzongkha more accessible (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The publication of Dzongkha English Standard dictionary, uses of punctuation marks in Dzongkha, the standard Choekey dictionary and romanisation of Dzongkha writings in the international standard to make it more accessible to users are some of the issues that were discussed at the 13th Dzongkha Expert Committee meeting in Phuentsholing which began on January 9.
		The meeting also discussed the publishing and printing of Dzongkha books, the effectiveness of awarding prizes at the annual film festival, publication of more Dzongkha dictionaries by DDA and need for parents to encourage their child to speak in Dzongkha.
		The development of Dzongkha and the problems in the usage of Dzongkha words will be discussed in the three-day Annual Dzongkha meeting, which began yesterday in Phuentsholing.
	www.kuenselonline.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=6410 (377 words)

	Dzongkha
		The Department of Information and Technology has engaged three of its programmers, the Dzongkha Development Authority is shouldering the responsibility of font-logging, development and modification and translation, and Sherubtse College is in-charge of the quality control and bug testing.
		According to Jigme Tenzing it would take another two years to be able to use Dzongkha word, excel, emails, websites, and have a small distribution of the programmes in CDs.
		According to DIT officials, programmes developed for Dzongkha computing on other operating systems like Microsoft so far was not user-friendly and automated.
	www.idrc.ca /es/ev-65271-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html (366 words)

	Dzongkha language - TheBestLinks.com - Bhutan, English language, India, Sino-Tibetan languages, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dzongkha, Dzongkha language, Bhutan, English language, India, Sino-Tibetan...
		It is a national language of Bhutan but is believed to have a literacy rate of only 1-5%.
		The word literally means "language spoken in the dzong", a dzong being a fortified monastery and administrative centre.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Dzongkha.html (124 words)

	Himalayan Languages Project - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It recruits grad students to collect new field research on little-known languages as the topics for their Ph.D. dissertations.
		The Himalayan Languages Project was officially commissioned by the government of Bhutan to devise a standard romanization of Dzongkha.
		Many of the languages studied by the Project are believed to be doomed to extinction in the next few years or decades, and might be lost to human knowledge but for the efforts of the Project.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Himalayan_Languages_Project (272 words)

	Dzongkha Translation Service - English to Dzongkha Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		You probably don't speak Dzongkha yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Dzongkha translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent Dzongkha perform our Dzongkha to English translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/dzongkha_translation.shtml (500 words)

	Kuenselonline - New school syllabus to revolutionise Dzongkha learning
		A significant revelation is that the new Dzongkha curriculum will address and cater to the requirements and demands of the present day and age language usages and job markets.
		The survey also found that Dzongkha had little or no relevance in the job market, mainly because of the “mismatch” in its subjects being taught in the schools and the actual requirements of a job.
		Therefore a significant recommendation of the survey was to upgrade, train and enhance regularly the standards of Dzongkha teachers in the subject.
	www.kuenselonline.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=6721 (392 words)

	Report from the "Dzongkha Linux launch"
		Bhutan's national language is Dzongkha, a language from the Sino-Tibetan family.
		We can safely assume that, in a near future, teachers in all Bhutan schools who, up to now, needed to prepare their courses hold in Dzongkha by hand, because of the lack of tools able to process the language on computers will be able to use DzongkhaLinux for their needs.
		In general, all needs for the Dzongkha language processing will be able to be fulfilled, which should improve the coverage in Dzongkha in many areas in the country.
	lists.debian.org /debian-devel-announce/2006/06/msg00001.html (945 words)

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