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Topic: EDRF

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	Endothelium-derived relaxing factor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is released by the vascular endothelium in response to a variety of chemical and physical stimuli.
		EDRF was discovered and characterized by Robert F. Furchgott, a winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1998 with his co-researchers Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad.
		The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 was awarded to Ferid Murad, Robert F. Furchgott, and Louis Ignarro for the discovery of the signalling properties of nitric oxide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endothelium-derived_relaxing_factor (1123 words)

	Roslin Institute, Edinburgh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The expression of EDRF in infected spleens compared to healthy spleens at different stages of disease and shows that there is a clear tendency for RNA levels to be reduced as disease progresses.
		Expression of EDRF is obvious as early in development as the bi-potent cells capable of developing into red blood cells or megakaryocytes and is maintained throughout development, with highest levels at the colony forming unit (CFU) stage.
		This transcript is expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells of the erythroid lineage, and in the mouse, expression is reduced as a result of scrapie infection by 30 fold in the spleen, 8 fold in the bone marrow and 4 fold in blood.
	epublications.roslin.ac.uk /0001annrep/tse.html (1970 words)

	The Lasker Foundation \| Former Award Winners, Basic Medical Research
		This was the discovery in 1980 of a substance in the endothelium, a layer of cells at the innermost surface of blood vessels, which causes the underlying smooth muscle to relax—a substance he called endothelium-derived relaxing factor, or EDRF.
		It took another six years for Dr. Furchgott and others to make the remarkable discovery that EDRF was in actuality nitric oxide, a simple but extremely labile chemical that has played a role in the management of cardiovascular disease for more than 100 years.
		The release of EDRF was shown by others to interfere with the aggregation of platelets and the adhesion of platelets to blood vessel walls, thereby preventing the formation of small blood clots.
	www.laskerfoundation.org /awards/library/1996b_cit_fr.shtml (507 words)

	[No title]
		Така EDRF поддържа стреса на кръвоносната стена постоянен независимо от промените в кръвотока(5).
		EDRF потиска и агрегацията и адхезията на тромбоцитите и така действа синергично с другия отделян от ендотелните клетки вазодилататор и антиагрегант - простациклина (PGI).
		EDRF е локален (паракринен) хормон, повлияващ само съседните клетки.
	members.tripod.com /sotirmarchev/nitro.htm (1528 words)

	From Explosives to the Ga... - EDRF and NO are United
		The discovery of EDRF caused an explosion in research, with many different groups around the world making important contributions to the search for its identity.
		But the realization that EDRF and NO were one and the same substance took six years of intense research.
		All three researchers found that NO and EDRF both decayed in a matter of seconds, were stabilized by the same conditions, and were turned off by the same battery of chemical treatments.
	www.beyonddiscovery.org /content/view.page.asp?I=370 (463 words)

	The Eureka! Moment--scientific discovery is NOT sudden
		EDRF had been discovered quite by accident in a Brooklyn scientist's lab.
		It was the nitric oxide that dilated the arteries.
		Moncada began to wonder whether EDRF and nitric oxide could be one and the same.
	www.umich.edu /~newsinfo/MT/97/Sum97/mta9j97.html (2077 words)

	Patent 6,962,787
		EDRF is expressed in hematopoietic cells of the erythroid and megakaryocyte/platelet lineage, in spleen, bone marrow and blood.
		EDRF is expressed in bipotent cells capable of proceeding through erythroid or megakaryocyte lineages or E/Meg cells, blast-forming unit (BFU-E) cells, colony-forming unit (CPU-E) cells, proerythroblasts (rubriblasts), early normoblasts (basophilic erythroblasts or prorubricytes), intermediate erythroblasts (rubricytes or polychromatophilic erythroblasts), late normoblasts (metarubricytes or orthochromatophilic erythroblasts), including haemoglobin-positive normoblasts and reticulocytes, i.e.
		A reduction in levels of EDRF in the sample is indicative of TSE infection (or a TSE disease condition) in a subject.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2005/Nov2005/110805/6962787_Spongiform110805.htm (4144 words)

	From Explosives to the Ga... - The Discovery of EDRF
		The EDRF then directed the relaxation of the surrounding muscle cells in both strips.
		Although Furchgott knew that EDRF existed, he could not isolate and identify it.
		Nitric Oxide as EDRF - Diagram of Endothelium-dependent Relaxation and more information about how NO is produced enzymatically.
	www.beyonddiscovery.org /content/view.asp?I=367 (678 words)

	Zickler Lecture
		In 1980, he reported his discovery of the obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation (vasodilation) of arteries by acetylcholine and related muscarinic agonists, and demonstrated that the relaxation resulted from release of a labile factor (later called endothelium-derived relaxing factor or EDRF) from the stimulated endothelial cells.
		This novel discovery was followed by the discovery in his laboratory and other laboratories that many vasodilators, both endogenous substances and drugs, act by stimulating release of EDRF.
		He independently showed that EDRF acts by stimulating the enzyme guanylate cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to an increase in cyclic GMP which mediates relaxation.
	www.pharm.stonybrook.edu /zickler/2002.htm (437 words)

	Blocking agents of EDRF effect or formation for the treatment of shock - Patent 5081148
		Sepsis and endotoxemia are still the major causes of death in surgical intensive care units despite the use of large amounts and specific antibiotics, careful monitoring and operative interventions.
		The effect of the compounds of the invention was specific to the inhibition of EDRF generation whereas L-arginine, the natural precursor of nitric oxide, enhanced the loss of tonicity in endotoxin treated preparation.
		A 60 min perfusion of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (300.mu.g/kg/h) to pithed rats led to hypotension and impaired the vascular reactivity to pressor agents as observed in septic and endotoxinic shock in human.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5081148.html (1663 words)

	Robert Furchgott
		Also, we are investigating whether the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is simply nitric oxide or a mixture of substances.
		EDRF released from endothelial cells was shown to activate soluble guanylyl cyclase in the smooth muscle cells, giving rise to an increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which appeared to have a causal role in producing the relaxation.
		After the discovery that relaxation by EDRF is associated with a rise in cGMP in the vascular smooth muscle, we found that photorelaxation of arterial smooth muscle (using near UV radiation) is also associated with a rise in cGMP, which precedes the relaxation.
	www.hscbklyn.edu /pharmacology/furch.htm (856 words)

	Adeline Place Residents Group - Campbell and Linderbeck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The EDRF funded the Adeline Place Residents’ Group to obtain a legal opinion on options available to address the air quality problems associated with the crematorium emissions.
		Consequently, the EDRF funded lawyer was invited to comment on the draft regulation.
		The EDRF is available to assist community groups throughout the province in resolving environmental disputes and using the law to better protect B.C.’s environment.
	www.bcen.bc.ca /bcerart/Vol9/adelinep.htm (347 words)

	Demystified ... Nitric oxide -- Stuart-Smith 55 (6): 360 -- Molecular Pathology
		This part of the experiment established that released EDRF could travel a short distance, and thus could diffuse from the endothelial cell to the smooth muscle.
		To show the transient nature of EDRF, the superfusate from the femoral artery was passed through a series of pipes to increase the transit time before it reached the coronary artery (see right of figure; times are 8, 30, 60, and 120 seconds).
		This experiment indicated that EDRF was an unstable molecule that could be rendered inactive by superoxide ion (reproduced with the kind permission of the authors and the American Physiological Society).
	mp.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/55/6/360 (4311 words)

	in-cites - An Interview with Dr. Ulrich Förstermann
		By the mid-80s, we knew that EDRF was short-lived (Förstermann et al., Eur.
		Pharmacological evidence generated with inhibitors of lipoxygenases, epoxygenases, and acyl-coenzyme a:lysolecithin acyltransferase and with stimulators of phospholipase A2 were suggestive of EDRF being a peroxy-derivative of arachidonic acid, which later turned out not to be the case.
		Following the identification of EDRF as nitric oxide (NO), my interest switched to the characterization and identification of the enzymes involved in NO synthesis.
	www.in-cites.com /papers/DrUlrichForstermann.html (837 words)

	West Coast Environmental Law - Services - EDRF - the Environmental Dispute Resolution Fund
		Please note that in cases where EDRF grants are made to an individual--rather than a group – the EDRF will issue cheques directly to the lawyer/expert involved once the grantee has given his or her approval to pay the invoice.
		As well, we are accountable for the money spent in EDRF grants, thus, we need to be appraised about what is happening on your project.
		The Fund may not be able to reimburse you for expenses incurred from lawyers or experts not previously approved by the EDRF committee or the EDRF Liaison Lawyer.
	www.wcel.org /services/edrf/faq.htm (1290 words)

	Physiology or Medicine for 1998 - Press Release
		He called this signal molecule EDRF, the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, and his findings led to a quest to identify the factor.
		He was fascinated by the concept that a gas could regulate important cellular functions and speculated that endogenous factors such as hormones might also act through NO. However, there was no experimental evidence to support this idea at the time.
		He performed a brilliant series of analyses and concluded in 1986, together with and independently of Robert Furchgott, that EDRF was identical to NO. The problem was solved and Furchgott's endothelial factor identified.
	www.nobel.se /medicine/laureates/1998/press.html (1091 words)

	Building a Better 'Mad Cow' Test
		Perhaps, the researchers suggest, it may be possible to design a test for EDRF, with higher than normal levels of the protein being an indicator of likely infection.
		For instance, he says, it is not currently known if overproduction of the protein is unique to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or if the same thing happens in other diseases.
		Researchers also must establish what a normal level of EDRF is in healthy, noninfected people.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/30/1728_73765.htm (710 words)

	Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor Produced and Released from Artery and Vein is Nitric Oxide -- Ignarro et al. 84 ...
		EDRF is an unstable humoral substance released from artery and vein that mediates the action of endothelium-dependent vasodilators.
		In the present study the vascular effects of EDRF released from perfused bovine intrapulmonary artery and vein were compared with the effects of NO delivered by superfusion over endotheliumdenuded arterial and venous strips arranged in a cascade.
		EDRF was identified chemically as NO, or a labile nitroso species, by two procedures.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/84/24/9265 (2299 words)

	Most Cited Journal Articles 1999 - Medical Sciences - CAS Science Spotlight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and NO from porcine aortic endothelial cells in culture was examd.
		The relaxation of the bioassay tissues induced by EDRF was indistinguishable from that induced by NO. Both substances were equally unstable.
		The relaxations induced by EDRF and NO were inhibited by Hb and enhanced by superoxide dismutase to a similar degree.
	www.cas.org /spotlight/medsci99/200210j8.html (200 words)

	Enhanced Responses of the Basilar Artery to Activation of Endothelin-B Receptors in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		EDRF is a major mediator of vasodilatation in the cerebral circulation.
		of EDRF influences the basal tone of this artery.
		be mediated by EDRF or prostanoids in SHRSP.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/4/490 (3048 words)

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		The strange thing is, that EDRF reacts to the shear effect of the muscles that surround the reacting blood vessel.
		Since the EDRF has a short half life, there is no danger of great amounts of EDRF accumulating.
		In conclusion, the fact that IPC improves microcirculation of distant skeletal muscle may relate to the mechanism of IPC preventing deep vein thrombosis, and therefore may be clinically useful in reducing venous stasis and tissue edema after surgical procedures.
	www.massagetherapy.com /articles/index.php/article_id/290 (2118 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The stories explain that prion-infected sheep and cattle were found to have a dramatic decrease in a specific DNA form of a protein called erythroid differentiation-related factor (EDRF) in the spleen, tonsils, appendix and lymph nodes.
		The scientists were quoted as wrting that the EDRF marker "is easily detectable in readily accessible tissues" adding that in addition, there may be a way for spotting EDRF in the blood, as the marker was spotted in blood sampled from sheep which had BSE but had yet to display the symptoms of the disease.
		Michael Clinton, one of the Roslin Institute researchers, was cited as saying it might be that reduced EDRF was caused by damage to the brain or central nervous system, and it may not be specific to BSE-like diseases.
	archives.foodsafetynetwork.ca /fsnet/2001/2-2001/fs-02-28-01-02.txt (2643 words)

	Extracellular ATP and bradykinin increase cGMP in vascular endothelial cells via activation of PKC -- Castro et al. 275 ...
		regulation of EDRF release in endothelial cells is controversial.
		Endothelial cells were isolated from thoracic aortas of porcine fetuses by a modification of the method of Jaffe et al.
		EDRF release remains to be examined; however, it could explain
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/1/C113 (4213 words)

	The Lasker Foundation \| Former Award Winners, Basic Medical Research
		Robert Furchgott's dramatic discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in 1980 led scientists to search for the chemical nature of this agent.
		Based on Dr. Murad's paradigm, a nitrovasodilator was suspected, and he coined the term endogenous nitrovasodilator for EDRF.
		Indeed in 1987 several groups of scientists independently showed that EDRF and nitric oxide were one and the same.
	www.laskerfoundation.org /awards/awards/library/1996b_cit_mf.shtml (428 words)

	N-Acetylcysteine Does Not Influence the Activity of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor In Vivo -- Creager et al. 29 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Endothelium-derived relaxing factor released from canine femoral artery by acetylcholine cannot be identified as free nitric oxide by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
		Furchgott RF, Jothianandan D, Khan MT. Comparison of nitric oxide, S-nitrosocysteine and EDRF as relaxants of rabbit aorta.
		Cooke JP, Stamler JS, Andon N, Davies PF, Loscalzo J. Flow stimulates endothelial cells to release a nitrovasodilator that is potentiated by reduced thiol.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/2/668 (3055 words)

	ll meccanismo attivo nella crescita dei capelli
		Further, EDRF and minoxidil both activate guanylate cyclase,(1-3) an action thought to account for their common vasodilatory properties and one that is shared by many electronically activated compounds.
		In addition, EDRF is a stable free radical.
		It is likely that EDRF plays a similar function in ischemia and inflammation, for which there may be some (controversial) role in pattern loss.
	www.anagen.net /m11.htm (661 words)

	Von Sprengstoffen Zum Gas, Das Heilt: Stickoxid in Biologie und Medizin
		Das Acetylcholin schien die Endothelzellen zu unterrichten, einen zweiten Botenstoff zu produzieren, den Furchgott Endothelium-hergeleiteten Entspannungsfaktor oder EDRF nannte.
		EDRF dirigierte die Entspannung der beide Streifen umgebenden Muskelzellen.
		Obwohl Furchgott wußte, daß EDRF existierte, konnte er es nicht isolieren und identifizieren.
	www7.nationalacademies.org /germanbeyonddiscovery/stickoxid__5.html (558 words)

	Von Sprengstoffen Zum Gas, Das Heilt: Stickoxid in Biologie und Medizin
		Die Entdeckung von EDRF verursachte eine Forschungsexplosion, während der viele Forschergruppen in aller Welt wichtige Beiträge zur Aufklärung seiner Identität machten.
		Wissenschaftler, die versuchten, EDRF zu identifizieren, beeinflußten aufgrund seiner Hochreaktivität oft unabsichtlich den NO-Pegel, wenn sie versuchten, Reaktionswege zu blockieren.
		Dies führte die Forscher zur falschen Schlußfolgerung, daß diese anderen Reaktionswege für die Produktion von EDRF verantwortlich waren.
	www7.nationalacademies.org /germanbeyonddiscovery/stickoxid__6.html (518 words)

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